Celje: Difference between revisions

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| settlement_type    = Town
| settlement_type    = Town
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| border                 = infobox
| perrow                 = 1/2/2
| perrow                 = 1/2/2
| total_width            = 280
| total_width            = 280
| align                     = center
| align                 = center
| caption_align        = center
| caption_align        = center
| image1                = View of Celje (28189851435).jpg
| image1                = View of Celje (28189851435).jpg
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| image3                = Celje - Stara grofija.jpg
| image3                = Celje - Stara grofija.jpg
| caption3              = Old Count Manor
| caption3              = Old Count Manor
| image4                = Celje Cathedral 18.jpg
| image4                = Assumption of Mary Church (Celje) 01.jpg
| caption4              = [[Celje Cathedral]]
| caption4              = St. Mary's Church
| image5                = 2023-05-24 Celje 02.jpg
| image5                = Celje National Hall (2).jpg
| caption5              = [[Celje National Hall|National Hall]]
| caption5              = [[Celje National Hall|National Hall]]
| image6                = Celjski grad s Pečovnika.jpg  
| image6                = Celjski grad s Pečovnika.jpg  
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}}
}}
| image_flag        = Flag of Celje (vertical).svg
| image_flag        = Flag of Celje.svg
| image_shield      = Coat_of_arms_of_Celje.svg
| image_shield      = Coat_of_arms_of_Celje.svg
| nickname          = The Princely Town<br />({{langx|sl|Knežje mesto}})
| nickname          = The Princely Town<br />({{langx|sl|Knežje mesto}}){{force singular}}
| pushpin_map        = Slovenia
| pushpin_map        = Slovenia
| pushpin_label_position = left<!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_label_position = left<!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
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| p2                = {{collapsible list|title=''Local communities''| Aljažev hrib| Ljubečna| Medlog| Ostrožno| Pod gradom| Škofja vas| Šmartno v Rožni dolini| Teharje| Trnovlje}}
| p2                = {{collapsible list|title=''Local communities''| Aljažev hrib| Ljubečna| Medlog| Ostrožno| Pod gradom| Škofja vas| Šmartno v Rožni dolini| Teharje| Trnovlje}}
| government_type    = <!-- Politics -->
| government_type    = <!-- Politics -->
| leader_party      = [[Levica (Slovenia)|Levica]]
| leader_title      = Mayor
| leader_title      = Mayor
| leader_name        = Matija Kovač
| leader_name        = Matija Kovač
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| blank_info        = [[Continental climate|Dfb]]
| blank_info        = [[Continental climate|Dfb]]
| registration_plate = CE
| registration_plate = CE
| website            = {{url|http://www.celje.si}}
| website            = {{URL|http://www.celje.si}}
| footnotes          = Source: [[Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]], census of 2002.
| footnotes          = Source: [[Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]], census of 2002.
}}
}}


'''Celje''' ({{IPA|sl|ˈtsɛ̀ːljɛ|pron|Sl-Celje.oga}}, {{langx|de|Cilli}}, {{IPA|de|ˈt͡sɪli|-|De-Cilli.ogg}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/c/SP/neva.exe?name=sp&expression=Celje&hs=1|title=Celje|work=Slovenski pravopis 2001|language=sl}}</ref> is the [[List of cities and towns in Slovenia|third-largest city]] in [[Slovenia]]. It is a regional center of the traditional Slovenian region of [[Styria (Slovenia)|Styria]] and the administrative seat of the [[City Municipality of Celje]]. The town is located below [[Celje Castle|Upper Celje Castle]] at the [[confluence]] of the [[Savinja]], [[Hudinja (river)|Hudinja]], [[Ložnica]], and [[Voglajna]] rivers in the lower [[Savinja Valley]], and at the crossing of the roads connecting [[Ljubljana]], [[Maribor]], [[Velenje]], and the [[Central Sava Valley]].
'''Celje''' ({{IPA|sl|ˈtsɛ̀ːljɛ|lang|Sl-Celje.oga}}; {{langx|de|Cilli}} {{IPA|de|ˈtsɪli||De-Cilli.ogg}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/c/SP/neva.exe?name=sp&expression=Celje&hs=1|title=Celje|work=Slovenski pravopis 2001|language=sl}}</ref> is the [[List of cities and towns in Slovenia|third-largest city]] in [[Slovenia]]. It is a regional center of the traditional Slovenian region of [[Styria (Slovenia)|Styria]] and the administrative seat of the [[City Municipality of Celje]]. The town is located below [[Celje Castle|Upper Celje Castle]] at the [[confluence]] of the [[Savinja]], [[Hudinja (river)|Hudinja]], [[Ložnica]], and [[Voglajna]] rivers in the lower [[Savinja Valley]], and at the crossing of the roads connecting [[Ljubljana]], [[Maribor]], [[Velenje]], and the [[Central Sava Valley]].


==Name==
==Name==
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==History==
==History==
===Early history===
===Bronze Age to 18th century===
The first settlement in the area of Celje appeared during the [[Hallstatt culture|Hallstatt]] era. The settlement was known in the Celtic times and to Ancient Greek historians as ''Kelea'';<ref>{{cite web|title=The history of Celje: From the Celts and Romans to the Counts and Yugoslavia to the EU|url=https://www.inyourpocket.com/celje/History|access-date=2016-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003190530/https://www.inyourpocket.com/celje/History|archive-date=2016-10-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> findings suggest that [[Celt]]s coined [[Noricum|Noric]] money in the region.
The first settlement in the area of Celje appeared during the [[Hallstatt culture|Hallstatt]] era. The settlement was known in the Celtic times and to Ancient Greek historians as ''Kelea'';<ref>{{cite web|title=The history of Celje: From the Celts and Romans to the Counts and Yugoslavia to the EU|url=https://www.inyourpocket.com/celje/History|access-date=2016-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003190530/https://www.inyourpocket.com/celje/History|archive-date=2016-10-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> findings suggest that [[Celt]]s coined [[Noricum|Noric]] money in the region.


[[File:Vischer - Topographia Ducatus Stiria - 035 Cilli - Celje.jpg|thumb|left|Celje, [[Georg Matthäus Vischer]], ''Topographia Ducatus Stiriae'', [[Graz]] 1681]]
[[File:Vischer - Topographia Ducatus Stiria - 035 Cilli - Celje.jpg|thumb|left|Celje, [[Georg Matthäus Vischer]], ''Topographia Ducatus Stiriae'', [[Graz]] 1681]]
Once the area was incorporated in the [[Roman Empire]] in 15 BC, it was known as ''Civitas [[List of Latin place names in the Balkans|Celeia]]''. It received [[town privileges|municipal rights]] in AD 45 under the name ''municipium [[Claudia Celeia]]'' during the reign of the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] (41–54). Records suggest that the town was rich and densely populated, secured with the walls and towers, containing multi-storied marble palaces, wide squares, and streets. It was called ''Troia secunda'', the second; or small [[Troy]]. A [[Roman road]] through Celeia led from [[Aquileia]] (Sln. ''Oglej'') to [[Pannonia]]. Celeia soon became a flourishing [[Roman colony]], and many great buildings were constructed, such as the temple of [[Mars (god)|Mars]], which was known across the Empire. Celeia was incorporated into Aquileia c. 320 under the Roman Emperor [[Constantine I]] (272–337).
Once the area was incorporated in the [[Roman Empire]] in 15 BC, it was known as ''Civitas [[List of Latin place names in the Balkans|Celeia]]''. It received [[town privileges|municipal rights]] in AD 45 under the name ''municipium [[Claudia Celeia]]'' during the reign of the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] (41–54). Records suggest that the town was rich and densely populated, secured with the walls and towers, containing multi-storied marble palaces, wide squares, and streets. It was called ''Troia secunda'', the second; or small [[Troy]]. A [[Roman road]] through Celeia led from [[Aquileia]] (Sln. ''Oglej'') to [[Pannonia]]. Celeia soon became a flourishing [[Roman colony]], and many great buildings were constructed, such as the temple of [[Mars (god)|Mars]], which was known across the Empire. Celeia was incorporated into Aquileia c. 320 under the Roman Emperor [[Constantine I]] (272–337).


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[[File:Celje-1441.JPG|thumb|left|Celje, pictured in 1750. The [[Voglajna|Voglajna River]] can be seen on the left, flowing into the [[Savinja]]. The island district is called Otok (Slovene for 'island').]]
[[File:Celje-1441.JPG|thumb|left|Celje, pictured in 1750. The [[Voglajna|Voglajna River]] can be seen on the left, flowing into the [[Savinja]]. The island district is called Otok (Slovene for 'island').]]
[[File:017 Celje, Cilli Kreisstadt - J.F.Kaiser Lithografirte Ansichten der Steiermark 1830.jpg|thumb|left|Celje, 1830 - Lith. Kaiser, Graz]]
[[File:017 Celje, Cilli Kreisstadt - J.F.Kaiser Lithografirte Ansichten der Steiermark 1830.jpg|thumb|left|Celje, 1830 - Lith. Kaiser, Graz]]
After the Counts of Celje died out in 1456, the region was inherited by the [[Habsburg]]s of [[Austria]] and administered by the [[Duchy of Styria]]. The [[city wall]]s and defensive [[moat]] were built in 1473. The town defended itself against [[Turkish people|Turks]] and in 1515 during great [[Slovene peasant revolt of 1515|Slovene peasant revolt]] against peasants, who had taken [[Celje Castle|Old Castle]].
After the Counts of Celje died out in 1456, the region was inherited by the [[Habsburg]]s of [[Austria]] and administered by the [[Duchy of Styria]]. The [[city wall]]s and defensive [[moat]] were built in 1473. The town defended itself against [[Turkish people|Turks]] and in 1515 during great [[Slovene peasant revolt of 1515|Slovene peasant revolt]] against peasants, who had taken [[Celje Castle|Old Castle]].


Many local nobles converted to [[Protestantism]] during the [[Protestant Reformation]], but the region was converted back to [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] during the [[Counter-Reformation]]. Celje became part of the Habsburgs' [[Austrian Empire]] during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. In 1867, after the defeat of Austria in the [[Austro-Prussian War]], the town became part of [[Austria-Hungary]].
Many local nobles converted to [[Protestantism]] during the [[Protestant Reformation]], but the region was converted back to [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] during the [[Counter-Reformation]].
 
===19th century to Second World War===
Celje became part of the Habsburgs' [[Austrian Empire]] during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. In 1867, after the defeat of Austria in the [[Austro-Prussian War]] and the ensuing [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867|Austro-Hungarian Compromise]], the town became part of the [[Cisleithania|Austrian-ruled section]] of [[Austria-Hungary]].


===19th century===
The first [[train|service]] on the [[Vienna]]-[[Trieste]] [[Austrian Southern Railway|railway line]] came through Celje on 27 April 1846. In 1895, [[I. high school in Celje|Celje secondary school]], established in 1808, began to teach in [[Slovene language|Slovene]].
The first [[train|service]] on the [[Vienna]]-[[Trieste]] [[Austrian Southern Railway|railway line]] came through Celje on 27 April 1846. In 1895, [[I. high school in Celje|Celje secondary school]], established in 1808, began to teach in [[Slovene language|Slovene]].


At the end of the 19th century and in the early 20th century, Celje was a center of German [[nationalism]] which had repercussions for [[Slovenes]]. The 1910 census showed that 66.8% of the population was German.<ref>For more information on the 1910 Austro-Hungarian census, see ''Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde an der österreichischen Mittelschulen''. K. u. k. Hof-Kartographische Anstalt G. Freytag & Berndt, [[Vienna]] 1911.</ref> A symbol of this was the German Cultural Center ({{langx|de|Deutsches Haus}}), built in 1906 and opened on 15 May 1907, today it is [[Celje Hall]] ({{langx|sl|Celjski dom}}). The centuries-old German name of the town, ''Cilli'', sounded no longer German enough to some German residents, the form ''Celle'' being preferred by many.
At the end of the 19th century and in the early 20th century, Celje was a center of German [[nationalism]] which had repercussions for [[Slovenes]]. The 1910 census showed that 66.8% of the population was German.<ref>For more information on the 1910 Austro-Hungarian census, see ''Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde an der österreichischen Mittelschulen''. K. u. k. Hof-Kartographische Anstalt G. Freytag & Berndt, [[Vienna]] 1911.</ref> A symbol of this was the German Cultural Center ({{langx|de|Deutsches Haus}}), built in 1906 and opened on 15 May 1907, today the [[Celje Hall]] ({{langx|sl|Celjski dom}}). The centuries-old German name of the town, ''Cilli'', sounded no longer German enough to some German residents, the form ''Celle'' being preferred by many.


Population growth was steady during this period. In 1900, Celje had 6,743 inhabitants and by 1924 this had grown to 7,750. The [[National Hall, Celje|National Hall]] (''Narodni dom''), which hosts the Mayors Office and Town Council today, was built in 1896. The first [[telephone]] line was installed in 1902 and the city received [[electricity|electric power]] in 1913.
Population growth was steady during this period. In 1900, Celje had 6,743 inhabitants and by 1924 this had grown to 7,750. The [[National Hall, Celje|National Hall]] (''Narodni dom''), which hosts the mayor's office and [[town council]] today, was built in 1896. The first [[telephone]] line was installed in 1902 and the city received [[electricity|electric power]] in 1913.


Slovene and [[German ethnic nationalism]] increased during the 19th and early 20th centuries. With the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918 as a result of World War I, Celje became part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] (later known as [[Yugoslavia]]). During this period, the town experienced a rapid industrialization and a substantial growth in population.
Slovene and [[German ethnic nationalism]] increased during the 19th and early 20th centuries. With the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918 as a result of [[World War I]], Celje became part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] (later known as [[Yugoslavia]]). During this period, the town experienced a rapid industrialization and a substantial growth in population.


===Second World War===
===Second World War===
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The toll of the war on the city was heavy. The city (including nearby towns) had a pre-war population of 20,000 and lost 575 people during the war, mostly between the ages of 20 and 30. More than 1,500 people were deported to [[Serbia]] or into the German interior of the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]]. Around 300 people were interned and around 1,000 people imprisoned in Celje's prisons. An unknown number of citizens were forcibly conscripted into the [[Wehrmacht|German army]]. Around 600 "stolen children" were taken to Nazi Germany for [[Germanization]]. A monument in Celje called ''Vojna in mir'' (War and Peace) by the sculptor [[Jakob Savinšek]], commemorates the World War II era.
The toll of the war on the city was heavy. The city (including nearby towns) had a pre-war population of 20,000 and lost 575 people during the war, mostly between the ages of 20 and 30. More than 1,500 people were deported to [[Serbia]] or into the German interior of the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]]. Around 300 people were interned and around 1,000 people imprisoned in Celje's prisons. An unknown number of citizens were forcibly conscripted into the [[Wehrmacht|German army]]. Around 600 "stolen children" were taken to Nazi Germany for [[Germanization]]. A monument in Celje called ''Vojna in mir'' (War and Peace) by the sculptor [[Jakob Savinšek]], commemorates the World War II era.


After the end of the war, the remaining German-speaking portion of the populace was [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled]]. Anti-tank [[Trench warfare|trenches]] and other sites were used to create 25 [[mass graves in Celje]] and its immediate surroundings and were filled with [[Croatia]]n, Serbian, and Slovenian militia members that had collaborated with the Germans, as well as ethnic German civilians from Celje and surrounding areas.
After the end of the war, the remaining German-speaking portion of the populace was [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled]] or executed. Anti-tank [[Trench warfare|trenches]] and other sites were used to create 25 [[mass graves in Celje]] and its immediate surroundings and were filled with [[Croatia]]n, Serbian, and Slovenian militia members that had collaborated with the Germans, as well as ethnic German civilians from Celje and surrounding areas.


===Independent Slovenia===
===Independent Slovenia===
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Celje has a [[continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb'').
Celje has a [[continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb'').
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| location = Celje (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–2020)  
| location = Celje (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–present)  
| metric first = Yes
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| single line = Yes
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| Apr record high C = 28.9
| Apr record high C = 28.9
| May record high C = 32.6
| May record high C = 32.6
| Jun record high C = 35.8
| Jun record high C = 36.9
| Jul record high C = 37.0
| Jul record high C = 37.0
| Aug record high C = 39.7  
| Aug record high C = 39.7  
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| language = sl
| language = sl
| access-date = 21 August 2023}}</ref>
| access-date = 21 August 2023}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (sun 1991–2020)<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (sun 1991–2020),<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230821174443/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovenia/CSV/Celje_14023.csv
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230821174443/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovenia/CSV/Celje_14023.csv
| archive-date = 21 August 2023
| archive-date = 21 August 2023
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| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 21 August 2023}}</ref>
| access-date = 21 August 2023}}</ref> Ogimet<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=14023&ndays=30&ano=2025&mes=06&day=27&hora=07&ord=REV&Send=Send|title= 14023: Celje (Slovenia)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 27 June 2025|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 19 September 2025 |quote=}}</ref>
}}
}}


==Symbols==
==Symbols==
[[File:Counts of Celje coat of arms (1-4).svg|thumb|150px|Escutcheon of [[Ulrich II of Celje]]]]
[[File:Cilli-Wappen.PNG|thumb|150px|Escutcheon of [[Ulrich II of Celje]]]]
The [[coat of arms]] of Celje are based on the coat of arms of the [[Counts of Celje]].
The [[coat of arms]] of Celje are based on the coat of arms of the [[Counts of Celje]].


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=== Mayor ===
=== Mayor ===


The current{{when?|date=February 2024}} mayor of Celje is Matija Kovač.{{fact|date=February 2024}}
The current{{when|date=February 2024}} mayor of Celje is Matija Kovač.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}


=== Vice mayors ===
=== Vice mayors ===


The current vice mayors of Celje are Saša Kundih, Samo Seničar and Uroš Lesjak.{{fact|date=February 2024}}
The current vice mayors of Celje are Saša Kundih, Samo Seničar and Uroš Lesjak.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}


===Courts===
===Courts===
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==Communications==
==Communications==
[[File:Celje Post Office.jpg|right|180px|thumb|The [[Celje Post Office]]]]
[[File:Slovenia IMG 7590 (19609559536).jpg|right|180px|thumb|The [[Celje Post Office]]]]
Postal number: SI-3000 (from 1991). (Old one: 63000 (between 1945–1991)).
Postal number: SI-3000 (from 1991). (Old one: 63000 (between 1945–1991)).


==Twin towns – sister cities==
==Sports==
Sports clubs based in Celje include [[association football|football]] club [[NK Celje]], [[basketball]] club [[KK Celje]], [[handball]] club [[RK Celje]], [[ice hockey]] club [[HK Celje]].
 
==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovenia}}
 
===Twin towns and sister cities===
 
Celje is [[Sister city|twinned]] with<ref name=pm>{{cite web |title=Partnerska mesta|url=https://moc.celje.si/partnerska-mesta|publisher=Mestna občina Celje|language=sl|access-date=2023-01-15}}</ref>
Celje is [[Sister city|twinned]] with<ref name=pm>{{cite web |title=Partnerska mesta|url=https://moc.celje.si/partnerska-mesta|publisher=Mestna občina Celje|language=sl|access-date=2023-01-15}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
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==Notable people==
==Notable people==
* [[Anna of Celje]] (1381–1416), second wife of Jogaila, king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania
* [[Anna of Celje]] (1381–1416), Queen consort of Poland
* [[Lenore Aubert]] (1918–1993), [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] actress and model
* [[Lenore Aubert]] (1918–1993), [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] actress and model
* [[Barbara of Celje]] (1390/1395–1451), second wife of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
* [[Barbara of Celje]] (1390/1395–1451), second wife of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
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* [[Janez Drozg]] (1933–2005), television director
* [[Janez Drozg]] (1933–2005), television director
* [[Dejan Glavnik]] (born 1975), Slovenian extreme cyclist
* [[Dejan Glavnik]] (born 1975), Slovenian extreme cyclist
* {{Interlanguage link multi|Damjana Golavšek|sl}} (born 1964), singer
* {{Interlanguage link|Damjana Golavšek|sl}} (born 1964), singer
* [[Bojan Gorišek]] (born 1962), pianist
* [[Bojan Gorišek]] (born 1962), pianist
* [[Hermann II of Celje]] (1365–1435), Count of Celje, Ortenburg and Seger
* [[Hermann II of Celje]] (1365–1435), Count of Celje, Ortenburg and Seger
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==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:The Celje Ceiling (stropna freska, Stara grofija).jpg|The Celje Ceiling from the Old's Counts Mansion (17th century)
File:
File:SLO-Celje08-2.JPG|Stane Street, with the [[Celje Cathedral|cathedral]] in the background
File:
File:Postcard of Celje (58).jpg|An old postcard of the railway station in front, Celje Hall on the right, and the Iron Court (''Železni dvor'', ''Eisenhof'') on the far left
File:Celje - panoramio.jpg|Town Hall
File:SLO-Celje23.JPG|The [[National Hall, Celje|National Hall]] (''Narodni dom''), today the [[City and town halls|town hall]], ([[Jan Vladimír Hráský]], 1895–1896)
File:Slovenia IMG 7590 (19609559536).jpg|Post Building
File:Celje Celjski dom 001.jpg|The [[Celje Hall]] (''Celjski dom''), ([[Peter Paul Brang]], 1905–1906)
File:Železniška postaja Celje.jpg|Railway Station
File:SLO-Celje19.JPG|The [[Celje Water Tower]], part of the town walls, built after 1451
File:Celje Cathedral 18.jpg|Celje Cathedral
File:Celjski grad.JPG|Upper Celje Castle, viewed from the banks of the [[Savinja]] River in Pečovnik toward the northeast
File:Ducal Court in Celje (1).jpg|Ducal Court
File:View over Celje from the Old town.JPG|View over Celje from Old town castle
File:Celje Water Tower, July 2007.JPG|[[Celje Water Tower|Water Tower]]
File:Saint Cecilia's Parish Church, Celje 01.JPG|St. Cecilia's Church
File:Glavni trg in Celje (2).jpg|Main Square Houses
File:Hohenwarter house in Celje (2).jpg|Hohenwarter house
File:SLO-Celje08-2.JPG|Stane Street
File:The Celje Ceiling (stropna freska, Stara grofija).jpg|The Celje Ceiling from the Old's Counts Mansion
File:View over Celje from the Old town.JPG|View from the Castle
File:2023-05-23 Celje detail 01.jpg|View over the river
</gallery>
</gallery>


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* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://www.geopedia.world/#T12_L362_F2473:5283_x1698134.679162964_y5818223.838604938_s14_b2345 Celje on Geopedia]
* [https://www.geopedia.world/#T12_L362_F2473:5283_x1698134.679162964_y5818223.838604938_s14_b2345 Celje on Geopedia]
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}
* {{official website}}
* {{official website}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081102085814/http://celjecafe.com/ CeljeCafe.com unofficial website] {{in lang|sl}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081102085814/http://celjecafe.com/ CeljeCafe.com unofficial website] {{in lang|sl}}

Latest revision as of 15:09, 22 October 2025

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Celje (Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA".)[1] is the third-largest city in Slovenia. It is a regional center of the traditional Slovenian region of Styria and the administrative seat of the City Municipality of Celje. The town is located below Upper Celje Castle at the confluence of the Savinja, Hudinja, Ložnica, and Voglajna rivers in the lower Savinja Valley, and at the crossing of the roads connecting Ljubljana, Maribor, Velenje, and the Central Sava Valley.

Name

Celje was known as Celeia during the Roman period. Early attestations of the name during or following Slavic settlement include Cylia in 452, ecclesiae Celejanae in 579, Zellia in 824, in Cilia in 1310, Cilli in 1311, and Celee in 1575. The proto-Slovene name *Ceľe or *Celьje, from which modern Slovene Celje developed, was borrowed from Vulgar Latin Celeae. The name is of pre-Roman origin and its further etymology is unclear.[2] In the local Slovene dialect, Celje is called Cjele or Cele. In German it is called Cilli, and it is known in Italian as Cilli or Celie.

History

Bronze Age to 18th century

The first settlement in the area of Celje appeared during the Hallstatt era. The settlement was known in the Celtic times and to Ancient Greek historians as Kelea;[3] findings suggest that Celts coined Noric money in the region.

File:Vischer - Topographia Ducatus Stiria - 035 Cilli - Celje.jpg
Celje, Georg Matthäus Vischer, Topographia Ducatus Stiriae, Graz 1681

Once the area was incorporated in the Roman Empire in 15 BC, it was known as Civitas Celeia. It received municipal rights in AD 45 under the name municipium Claudia Celeia during the reign of the Roman Emperor Claudius (41–54). Records suggest that the town was rich and densely populated, secured with the walls and towers, containing multi-storied marble palaces, wide squares, and streets. It was called Troia secunda, the second; or small Troy. A Roman road through Celeia led from Aquileia (Sln. Oglej) to Pannonia. Celeia soon became a flourishing Roman colony, and many great buildings were constructed, such as the temple of Mars, which was known across the Empire. Celeia was incorporated into Aquileia c. 320 under the Roman Emperor Constantine I (272–337).

The city was razed by Slavic tribes during the Migration period of the 5th and 6th centuries, but was rebuilt in the Early Middle Ages. The first mention of Celje in the Middle Ages was under the name of Cylie in Wolfhold von Admont's Chronicle, which was written between 1122 and 1137. The town was the seat of the Counts of Celje from 1341 to 1456, with princely status from 1436. It acquired market-town status in the first half of the 14th century and town privileges from Count Frederick II on 11 April 1451.

File:Celje-1441.JPG
Celje, pictured in 1750. The Voglajna River can be seen on the left, flowing into the Savinja. The island district is called Otok (Slovene for 'island').
File:017 Celje, Cilli Kreisstadt - J.F.Kaiser Lithografirte Ansichten der Steiermark 1830.jpg
Celje, 1830 - Lith. Kaiser, Graz

After the Counts of Celje died out in 1456, the region was inherited by the Habsburgs of Austria and administered by the Duchy of Styria. The city walls and defensive moat were built in 1473. The town defended itself against Turks and in 1515 during great Slovene peasant revolt against peasants, who had taken Old Castle.

Many local nobles converted to Protestantism during the Protestant Reformation, but the region was converted back to Roman Catholicism during the Counter-Reformation.

19th century to Second World War

Celje became part of the Habsburgs' Austrian Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1867, after the defeat of Austria in the Austro-Prussian War and the ensuing Austro-Hungarian Compromise, the town became part of the Austrian-ruled section of Austria-Hungary.

The first service on the Vienna-Trieste railway line came through Celje on 27 April 1846. In 1895, Celje secondary school, established in 1808, began to teach in Slovene.

At the end of the 19th century and in the early 20th century, Celje was a center of German nationalism which had repercussions for Slovenes. The 1910 census showed that 66.8% of the population was German.[4] A symbol of this was the German Cultural Center (Template:Langx), built in 1906 and opened on 15 May 1907, today the Celje Hall (Template:Langx). The centuries-old German name of the town, Cilli, sounded no longer German enough to some German residents, the form Celle being preferred by many.

Population growth was steady during this period. In 1900, Celje had 6,743 inhabitants and by 1924 this had grown to 7,750. The National Hall (Narodni dom), which hosts the mayor's office and town council today, was built in 1896. The first telephone line was installed in 1902 and the city received electric power in 1913.

Slovene and German ethnic nationalism increased during the 19th and early 20th centuries. With the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918 as a result of World War I, Celje became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as Yugoslavia). During this period, the town experienced a rapid industrialization and a substantial growth in population.

Second World War

Celje was occupied by Nazi Germany in April 1941. The Gestapo arrived in Celje on 16 April 1941 and were followed three days later by SS leader Heinrich Himmler, who inspected Stari pisker prison. During the war, the city suffered from allied bombing, aimed at important communication lines and military installations. The National Hall was severely damaged.

The toll of the war on the city was heavy. The city (including nearby towns) had a pre-war population of 20,000 and lost 575 people during the war, mostly between the ages of 20 and 30. More than 1,500 people were deported to Serbia or into the German interior of the Third Reich. Around 300 people were interned and around 1,000 people imprisoned in Celje's prisons. An unknown number of citizens were forcibly conscripted into the German army. Around 600 "stolen children" were taken to Nazi Germany for Germanization. A monument in Celje called Vojna in mir (War and Peace) by the sculptor Jakob Savinšek, commemorates the World War II era.

After the end of the war, the remaining German-speaking portion of the populace was expelled or executed. Anti-tank trenches and other sites were used to create 25 mass graves in Celje and its immediate surroundings and were filled with Croatian, Serbian, and Slovenian militia members that had collaborated with the Germans, as well as ethnic German civilians from Celje and surrounding areas.

Independent Slovenia

Celje became part of independent Slovenia following the Ten-Day War in 1991. On 7 April 2006, Celje became the seat of a new Diocese of Celje, created by Pope Benedict XVI within the Archdiocese of Maribor.

Sights

The town's tourist sights include a Grayfriars' monastery founded in 1241[5] and a palace from the 16th century.

The parish church, dating from the 14th century, with its Gothic chapel, is a specimen of medieval architecture. The so-called German church, in Romanesque style, belonged to the monastery, which was closed in 1808. The throne of the counts of Cilli is preserved here, and also the tombs of several members of the family.[5]

Geography

Climate

Celje has a continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). Template:Weather box

Symbols

File:Cilli-Wappen.PNG
Escutcheon of Ulrich II of Celje

The coat of arms of Celje are based on the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje.

The coat-of-arms of Celje was selected for the national arms immediately after World War I in 1918, when Slovenia together with Croatia and Serbia formed the original Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). A similar coat of arms was integrated into the Slovenian national arms in 1991.

Districts and local communities

The city of Celje is divided into 10 districts (mestne četrti) and the municipality has 9 local communities (krajevne skupnosti):

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Demographics

Template:Historical populations

In 1991 the population consisted of:

Education

Celje does not have its own university, although some college-level education has been established in the city.

  • The Faculty of Logistics, formally part of the University of Maribor, was established in Celje in 2005.
  • International School for Social and Business Studies
  • Faculty of Commercial and Business Sciences
  • UP Faculty of Management

Law and government

Mayor

The currentTemplate:When mayor of Celje is Matija Kovač.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Vice mayors

The current vice mayors of Celje are Saša Kundih, Samo Seničar and Uroš Lesjak.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Courts

In Celje there are three courts of general jurisdiction:

  • Celje Higher Court;
  • Celje District Court;
  • Celje Local Court.

In addition to that there are also Celje Labour Court for resolving labour law disputes and an external department of Administrative Court for resolving disputes arising from administrative procedures.

Communications

File:Slovenia IMG 7590 (19609559536).jpg
The Celje Post Office

Postal number: SI-3000 (from 1991). (Old one: 63000 (between 1945–1991)).

Sports

Sports clubs based in Celje include football club NK Celje, basketball club KK Celje, handball club RK Celje, ice hockey club HK Celje.

International relations

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Twin towns and sister cities

Celje is twinned with[6] Template:Div col

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Celje also cooperates with Cherepovets in Russia and has informal friendly relations with Graz and Spittal an der Drau in Austria.[6]

Notable people

Gallery

References

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External links

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ For more information on the 1910 Austro-Hungarian census, see Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde an der österreichischen Mittelschulen. K. u. k. Hof-Kartographische Anstalt G. Freytag & Berndt, Vienna 1911.
  5. ↑ a b File:Wikisource-logo.svg One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Motnikar, Barbara Šket, & Andrej Gosar. 2012. Obituaries: Janez Lapajne, 1937–2012. IASPEI Newsletter (June/July): 4. Template:Webarchive
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