Transport in Senegal: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
[[File:Bus Dakar.jpg|thumb|Various buses in [[Dakar]]]]
[[File:Bus Dakar.jpg|thumb|Various buses in [[Dakar]]]]
This article describes the system of '''transport in Senegal''', both public and private. This system comprises roads (both paved and unpaved), rail transport, water transport, and air transportation.
[[Senegal]] is a coastal country where maritime transport is possible. Also a developing country, its infrastructure is growing and is covered by air, rail road and water.


==Roads==
==Roads==
{{further ill|List of roads in Senegal|fr|Liste des routes du Sénégal}}
{{further ill|List of roads in Senegal|fr|Liste des routes du Sénégal}}
[[File:BaobabDakar.JPG|thumb|right|Route de Corniche, Dakar, 2016]]
[[File:Une charrette transportant de l'eau.jpg|thumb|A horse-drawn cart carrying water near [[Thiès]] ]]
The system of roads in Senegal is extensive by [[West Africa]]n standards, with paved roads reaching each corner of the country and all major towns.
The system of roads in Senegal is extensive by [[West Africa]]n standards, with paved roads reaching each corner of the country and all major towns.


===International highways===
===International highways===
Dakar is the endpoint of three routes in the [[Trans-African Highway network]]. These are as follows:
Dakar is the endpoint of three routes in the [[Trans-African Highway network]]. These are as follows:
*[[Cairo-Dakar Highway]] which crosses the edge of the [[Sahara]]
*The [[Cairo–Dakar Highway]], which crosses the edge of the [[Sahara]].
*[[Dakar-Ndjamena Highway]] which links the countries of the [[Sahel]], also called the Trans-Sahelian Highway
*The [[Trans-Sahelian Highway]], which links the countries of the [[Sahel]], also called the Trans-Sahelian Highway.
*[[Dakar-Lagos Highway]] running along the West African coast and called by the [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS) the [[Trans–West African Coastal Highway]] (though ECOWAS considers this route to start in [[Nouakchott]], [[Mauritania]]).
*The [[Trans–West African Coastal Highway]], running along the West African coast.
   
   
Senegal's road network links closely with those of [[the Gambia]], since the shortest route between south-western districts on the one hand and west-central and north-western districts on the other is through the Gambia.
Senegal's road network links closely with those of [[the Gambia]], since the shortest route between south-western districts on the one hand and west-central and north-western districts on the other is through the Gambia.
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The country currently has two ''autoroutes'': {{Interlanguage link|Autoroute A1 (Senegal)|lt=Autoroute A1|fr|Autoroute A1 (Sénégal)}} and {{Interlanguage link|Autoroute A2 (Senegal)|lt=Autoroute A2|fr|Autoroute A2 (Sénégal)}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Alfers |first=Duncan |date=2023-09-27 |title=EAIF PROVIDES EUR 46 MILLION TO BRING STRATEGIC ROAD, A1 MOTORWAY, “AUTOROUTE DE L’AVENIR”, TO FINANCIAL CLOSE |url=https://www.eaif.com/eaif-provides-eur-46-million-to-bring-strategic-road-a1-motorway-autoroute-de-lavenir-to-financial-close/ |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=Emerging Africa & Asia Infrastructure Fund |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Réalisation : L'Autoroute Ila Touba |url=https://www.sococim.com/lautoroute-ila-touba-0 |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=www.sococim.com}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=AUTOROUTE DAKAR – SAINT LOUIS |url=https://pfoafrica.com/projets/autoroute-dakar-saint-louis/ |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=PFO Africa |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A third ''autoroute'', [[Autoroute A3 (Senegal)|Autoroute A3]], is currently being planned.<ref name=":2" />
The country currently has two ''autoroutes'': {{Interlanguage link|Autoroute A1 (Senegal)|lt=Autoroute A1|fr|Autoroute A1 (Sénégal)}} and {{Interlanguage link|Autoroute A2 (Senegal)|lt=Autoroute A2|fr|Autoroute A2 (Sénégal)}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Alfers |first=Duncan |date=2023-09-27 |title=EAIF PROVIDES EUR 46 MILLION TO BRING STRATEGIC ROAD, A1 MOTORWAY, “AUTOROUTE DE L’AVENIR”, TO FINANCIAL CLOSE |url=https://www.eaif.com/eaif-provides-eur-46-million-to-bring-strategic-road-a1-motorway-autoroute-de-lavenir-to-financial-close/ |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=Emerging Africa & Asia Infrastructure Fund |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Réalisation : L'Autoroute Ila Touba |url=https://www.sococim.com/lautoroute-ila-touba-0 |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=www.sococim.com}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=AUTOROUTE DAKAR – SAINT LOUIS |url=https://pfoafrica.com/projets/autoroute-dakar-saint-louis/ |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=PFO Africa |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A third ''autoroute'', [[Autoroute A3 (Senegal)|Autoroute A3]], is currently being planned.<ref name=":2" />


Autoroute A1 runs from [[Dakar]] to [[M'Bour]] via [[Blaise Diagne International Airport]].<ref name=":2" /> The A1 was built via a [[Public–private partnership|public-private partnership]] between [[France|French]] [[civil engineering]] firm [[Eiffage]] (which has a majority ownership in its [[toll road]] portion), and the Senegalese government.<ref name=":0" />
Autoroute A1 runs from Dakar to [[M'Bour]] via [[Blaise Diagne International Airport]].<ref name=":2" /> The A1 was built via a [[Public–private partnership|public-private partnership]] between [[France|French]] [[civil engineering]] firm [[Eiffage]] (which has a majority ownership in its [[toll road]] portion), and the Senegalese government.<ref name=":0" />


Autoroute A2 runs from Dakar to [[Touba]], via [[Thiès]].<ref name=":2" />
Autoroute A2 runs from Dakar to [[Touba]], via [[Thiès]].<ref name=":2" />
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*[[N2 road (Senegal)|N2]]: [[Pout, Senegal|Pout]] – [[Thiès]] – [[Louga]] - [[Saint-Louis, Senegal|St-Louis]] – [[Richard Toll]] – [[Ouro Sogui]] – [[Kidira]] - ([[Mali]])
*[[N2 road (Senegal)|N2]]: [[Pout, Senegal|Pout]] – [[Thiès]] – [[Louga]] - [[Saint-Louis, Senegal|St-Louis]] – [[Richard Toll]] – [[Ouro Sogui]] – [[Kidira]] - ([[Mali]])
*[[N3 road (Senegal)|N3]]: [[Thiès]] – [[Diourbel]] – [[Touba, Senegal|Touba]] – [[Linguère]] – [[Ouro Sogui]]
*[[N3 road (Senegal)|N3]]: [[Thiès]] – [[Diourbel]] – [[Touba, Senegal|Touba]] – [[Linguère]] – [[Ouro Sogui]]
*[[N4 road (Senegal)|N4]]: [[Kaolack]] – ([[Trans-Gambia Highway]]) – [[Bignona]] – [[Ziguinchor]] – ([[Guinea-Bissau]])
*[[N4 road (Senegal)|N4]]: [[Kaolack]] – ([[Trans-Gambia Highway]]) – [[Bignona]] – [[Ziguinchor]] – ([[Guinea-Bissau]])
*[[N5 road (Senegal)|N5]]: [[Bignona]] – [[Diouloulou]] – ([[Gambia]]) - [[Sokone]] - [[Kaolack]]
*[[N5 road (Senegal)|N5]]: [[Bignona]] – [[Diouloulou]] – ([[Gambia]]) - [[Sokone]] - [[Kaolack]]
*[[N6 road (Senegal)|N6]]: [[Tambacounda]] – [[Vélingara]] - [[Kolda]] – [[Ziguinchor]] – ([[Guinea-Bissau]])
*[[N6 road (Senegal)|N6]]: [[Tambacounda]] – [[Vélingara]] - [[Kolda]] – [[Ziguinchor]] – ([[Guinea-Bissau]])
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* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/jacqver/texte/traindakarbamako.htm]
* [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/jacqver/texte/traindakarbamako.htm]


== Ground transport ==
== Land transport ==
[[File:Senegal Car rapide.jpg|right|225px|thumb|A ''Car Rapide'' in Senegal, a common mode of transportation.]]
There were an estimated {{Convert|4,271|km}} of [[paved road]]s and {{Convert|10,305|km}} of [[Gravel road|unpaved road]]s as of 1996.
There were an estimated {{Convert|4,271|km}} of [[paved road]]s and {{Convert|10,305|km}} of [[Gravel road|unpaved road]]s as of 1996.


Dakar has a [[bus rapid transit]] (BRT) network: [[Sunu BRT]], which currently has two routes in operation, with two more planned.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sunu BRT - Le Bus Rapid Transit entre Dakar à Guédiawaye |url=https://www.sunubrt.sn/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Sunu BRT - Bus Rapid Transit Dakar |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
Dakar has a [[bus rapid transit]] (BRT) network: [[Sunu BRT]], which currently has two routes in operation, with two more planned.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sunu BRT - Le Bus Rapid Transit entre Dakar à Guédiawaye |url=https://www.sunubrt.sn/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Sunu BRT - Bus Rapid Transit Dakar |language=fr-FR}}</ref>


[[Taxicab|Taxi]]s (black-yellow or blue-yellow in color) are cheap, numerous and available everywhere in [[Dakar]].<ref name="ccg" /> It is customary to negotiate the fare since most [[Taximeter|meters]] installed in the taxis are broken or missing.<ref name="ccg" /> For travel outside Dakar, [[public transportation]] is available but often unreliable and uncomfortable.<ref name="ccg" />
[[Taxicab|Taxi]]s (black-yellow or blue-yellow in color) are cheap, numerous and available in all parts Dakar. It is customary to negotiate the fare since most [[Taximeter|meters]] installed in the taxis are broken or missing. For travel outside Dakar, [[public transportation]] is available but often unreliable and uncomfortable.<ref name="ccg" />
 
=== ''Car rapide'' ===
[[File:Car rapide.jpg|thumb|A ''car rapide'']]
The ''car rapide'' ({{Literal translation|fast car}} in [[French language|French]]) was a common method of land transport in urban Senegal. Their use began in 1976 when [[Saviem Super Galion|Saviem Super Galions]]—manufactured by [[Renault]]—were shipped to Senegal. Painted blue and yellow, they were colorful and often included imagery and slogans of [[Sufism]], and eyes on the front. They were often packed with riders and prone to crashing. In 2016, the Senegalese government announced their plan to fund larger buses in Dakar and abandon the ''car rapides''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=inbox |first=Get the stories shaping East Africa-delivered straight to your |date=2020-07-06 |title=End of the road for Dakar ‘car rapides’ |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/end-of-the-road-for-dakar-car-rapides--1336958 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pisa |first=Katie |date=2016-06-30 |title=End of the road for Senegal’s ‘car rapides’ |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/car-rapides-senegal |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Quist-Arcton |first=Ofeibea |date=2016-03-20 |title=If You Think This Bus Has An Eye On You, You're Right |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/03/20/470951358/if-you-think-this-bus-has-an-eye-on-you-youre-right |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=NPR |language=en}}</ref> A ''car rapide'' is exhibited at the [[Musée de l'Homme]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brice |first=Makini |date=2015-11-12 |title=Senegal's legendary 'car rapides' reaching the end of the line |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyle/senegals-legendary-car-rapides-reaching-the-end-of-the-line-idUSKCN0T129K/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref>


== Waterways ==
== Waterways ==
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== Ports and harbours ==
== Ports and harbours ==
[[File:Vue du port de Dakar.JPG|thumb|A port in Dakar]]
* [[Dakar]] - [[railhead]]
* [[Dakar]] - [[railhead]]
* [[Kaolack]], [[Matam, Senegal|Matam]], [[Podor]], [[Richard Toll]], [[Saint-Louis, Senegal|Saint-Louis]], [[Ziguinchor]]
* [[Kaolack]], [[Matam, Senegal|Matam]], [[Podor]], [[Richard Toll]], [[Saint-Louis, Senegal|Saint-Louis]], [[Ziguinchor]]


[[Dakar]] has one of the largest deep-water [[seaport]]s along the [[West Africa]]n coast.<ref name=ccg/> Its deep-draft structure and {{convert|640|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} access channel allows round-the-clock access to the [[port]].<ref name=ccg/> Its current [[infrastructure]] includes [[tanker (ship)|tanker]] vessel loading and unloading terminals, a [[Shipping container|container]] terminal with a storage capacity of 3000 20-foot-equivalent units, a cereals and [[fishing port]], a dedicated [[phosphate]] terminal and a privately run ship repair facility.<ref name=ccg/> The port's location at the extreme western point of [[Africa]], at the crossroad of the major sea-lanes linking [[Europe]] to [[South America]], makes it a natural port of call for [[shipping companies]].<ref name=ccg/> Total [[freight]] traffic averages 10 million metric tons.<ref name=ccg/>
Dakar has one of the largest deep-water [[seaport]]s along the [[West Africa]]n coast.<ref name=ccg/> Its deep-draft structure and {{convert|640|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} access channel allows round-the-clock access to the [[port]].<ref name=ccg/> Its current [[infrastructure]] includes [[tanker (ship)|tanker]] vessel loading and unloading terminals, a [[Shipping container|container]] terminal with a storage capacity of 3000 20-foot-equivalent units, a cereals and [[fishing port]], a dedicated [[phosphate]] terminal and a privately run ship repair facility.<ref name=ccg/> The port's location at the extreme western point of [[Africa]], at the crossroad of the major sea-lanes linking [[Europe]] to [[South America]], makes it a natural port of call for [[shipping companies]].<ref name=ccg/> Total [[freight]] traffic averages 10 million metric tons.<ref name=ccg/>


== Airports ==
== Airports ==
[[File:Air Senegal International B737 6V-AHU.jpg|thumb|''Air Senegal International'' is Senegal's flag carrier.|400px]]
[[File:Air Senegal International B737 6V-AHU.jpg|thumb|[[Air Sénégal International]] is Senegal's flag carrier.|400px]]
{{See also|List of airports in Senegal}}
{{See also|List of airports in Senegal}}
Per the [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]], Senegal has 20 [[airport]]s as of 2025.<ref name=":3" /> [[Blaise Diagne International Airport]] in [[Diass]] became the [[Airline hub|hub]] of the sub-region.<ref name=ccg>[http://www.buyusa.gov/westafrica/en/senegal_ccg.pdf Senegal Country Commercial Guide 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607104655/http://www.buyusa.gov/westafrica/en/senegal_ccg.pdf |date=2010-06-07 }}. [[U.S. Commercial Service]] (2008). {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.aibd.sn/| title = Aéroport International Blaise Diagne}}</ref> Dakar is linked to numerous African cities by air, and daily flights go to [[Europe]].<ref name=ccg/> [[Delta Air Lines]] flies daily to/from Atlanta/Dakar/Johannesburg.<ref name=ccg/> [[South African Airways]] flies daily to [[New York City|New York]] and [[Washington, D.C.]] from [[Johannesburg]] via Dakar.<ref name=ccg/> The old [[Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport]] in [[Dakar]] is now only exists as a [[cargo]] hub.
Per the [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]], Senegal has 20 [[airport]]s as of 2025.<ref name=":3" /> [[Blaise Diagne International Airport]] in [[Diass]] became the [[Airline hub|hub]] of the sub-region.<ref name="ccg">{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://www.buyusa.gov/westafrica/en/senegal_ccg.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20100607104655/https://www.buyusa.gov/westafrica/en/senegal_ccg.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-07 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=www.buyusa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.aibd.sn/| title = Aéroport International Blaise Diagne}}</ref> Dakar is linked to numerous African cities by air, and daily flights go to [[Europe]].<ref name=ccg/> [[Delta Air Lines]] flies daily to/from Atlanta/Dakar/Johannesburg.<ref name=ccg/> [[South African Airways]] flies daily to [[New York City]] and [[Washington, D.C.]] from [[Johannesburg]] via Dakar.<ref name=ccg/> The [[Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport]] in Dakar is now a [[cargo]] hub.


== See also ==
== See also ==

Latest revision as of 03:23, 25 July 2025

Template:Short description

File:Bus Dakar.jpg
Various buses in Dakar

Senegal is a coastal country where maritime transport is possible. Also a developing country, its infrastructure is growing and is covered by air, rail road and water.

Roads

Template:Further ill The system of roads in Senegal is extensive by West African standards, with paved roads reaching each corner of the country and all major towns.

International highways

Dakar is the endpoint of three routes in the Trans-African Highway network. These are as follows:

Senegal's road network links closely with those of the Gambia, since the shortest route between south-western districts on the one hand and west-central and north-western districts on the other is through the Gambia.

Motorways

The country currently has two autoroutes: Template:Interlanguage link and Template:Interlanguage link.[1][2][3] A third autoroute, Autoroute A3, is currently being planned.[3]

Autoroute A1 runs from Dakar to M'Bour via Blaise Diagne International Airport.[3] The A1 was built via a public-private partnership between French civil engineering firm Eiffage (which has a majority ownership in its toll road portion), and the Senegalese government.[1]

Autoroute A2 runs from Dakar to Touba, via Thiès.[3]

The planned Autoroute A3 will run from Dakar to Saint-Louis, and will span about Template:Convert in length.[3]

National roads

The most important roads in Senegal are prefixed "N" and numbered from 1 to 7:

Regional roads

Major incidents

Railways

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

File:Train Express Régional de Dakar.jpg
A pair of Train Express Regional Dakar-AIBD trains

According to the CIA World Factbook, Senegal had a total of Template:Convert of railways as of 2017, of which Template:Convert was operational, and all of which were Template:RailGauge gauge.[4] Since then, the first phase of the Train Express Regional Dakar-AIBD (TER Dakar) has begun operations in December 2021, adding Template:Convert to Senegal's railway network.[5] There are plans to add another Template:Convert to the TER Dakar, to connect it to Blaise Diagne International Airport.[5][6] Unlike the rest of Senegal's network, the TER Dakar uses standard gauge.

Other rail lines in Senegal include the partially-operational Dakar–Saint-Louis railway, which is used for freight, and the Dakar–Niger Railway. The Petit train de banlieue provided commuter rail service until 2016, and has since been replaced with the TER Dakar.

Maps

Land transport

There were an estimated Template:Convert of paved roads and Template:Convert of unpaved roads as of 1996.

Dakar has a bus rapid transit (BRT) network: Sunu BRT, which currently has two routes in operation, with two more planned.[7]

Taxis (black-yellow or blue-yellow in color) are cheap, numerous and available in all parts Dakar. It is customary to negotiate the fare since most meters installed in the taxis are broken or missing. For travel outside Dakar, public transportation is available but often unreliable and uncomfortable.[8]

Car rapide

File:Car rapide.jpg
A car rapide

The car rapide (Template:Literal translation in French) was a common method of land transport in urban Senegal. Their use began in 1976 when Saviem Super Galions—manufactured by Renault—were shipped to Senegal. Painted blue and yellow, they were colorful and often included imagery and slogans of Sufism, and eyes on the front. They were often packed with riders and prone to crashing. In 2016, the Senegalese government announced their plan to fund larger buses in Dakar and abandon the car rapides.[9][10][11] A car rapide is exhibited at the Musée de l'Homme.[12]

Waterways

Template:Convert total; Template:Convert on the Senegal river, and Template:Convert on the Saloum River.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Ports and harbours

File:Vue du port de Dakar.JPG
A port in Dakar

Dakar has one of the largest deep-water seaports along the West African coast.[8] Its deep-draft structure and Template:Convert access channel allows round-the-clock access to the port.[8] Its current infrastructure includes tanker vessel loading and unloading terminals, a container terminal with a storage capacity of 3000 20-foot-equivalent units, a cereals and fishing port, a dedicated phosphate terminal and a privately run ship repair facility.[8] The port's location at the extreme western point of Africa, at the crossroad of the major sea-lanes linking Europe to South America, makes it a natural port of call for shipping companies.[8] Total freight traffic averages 10 million metric tons.[8]

Airports

File:Air Senegal International B737 6V-AHU.jpg
Air Sénégal International is Senegal's flag carrier.

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Per the CIA World Factbook, Senegal has 20 airports as of 2025.[4] Blaise Diagne International Airport in Diass became the hub of the sub-region.[8][13] Dakar is linked to numerous African cities by air, and daily flights go to Europe.[8] Delta Air Lines flies daily to/from Atlanta/Dakar/Johannesburg.[8] South African Airways flies daily to New York City and Washington, D.C. from Johannesburg via Dakar.[8] The Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport in Dakar is now a cargo hub.

See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Senegal topics Template:Africa in topic Template:CIA World Factbook Template:Motorways in Africa

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  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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