February 11: Difference between revisions
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*[[1794]] – First session of [[United States Senate]] opens to the public.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Senate: On This Day: February 11, 1794 |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/anecdote/days/006week_0211.htm |website=www.senate.gov |access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref> | *[[1794]] – First session of [[United States Senate]] opens to the public.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Senate: On This Day: February 11, 1794 |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/anecdote/days/006week_0211.htm |website=www.senate.gov |access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1808]] – [[Jesse Fell]] burns [[anthracite]] on an open grate as an experiment in heating homes with coal.<ref>{{cite book |title=Minerals Yearbook |date=1976 |publisher=Bureau of Mines |page=641 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=My8KMnb3KqIC&pg=PA641 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1808]] – [[Jesse Fell]] burns [[anthracite]] on an open grate as an experiment in heating homes with coal.<ref>{{cite book |title=Minerals Yearbook |date=1976 |publisher=Bureau of Mines |page=641 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=My8KMnb3KqIC&pg=PA641 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1812]] – [[Massachusetts]] governor [[Elbridge Gerry]] is accused of "[[gerrymandering]]" for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Jennifer |title=Elbridge Gerry and the Monstrous Gerrymander | *[[1812]] – [[Massachusetts]] governor [[Elbridge Gerry]] is accused of "[[gerrymandering]]" for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Jennifer |title=Elbridge Gerry and the Monstrous Gerrymander | In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2017/02/elbridge-gerry-and-the-monstrous-gerrymander/ |website=blogs.loc.gov |access-date=23 February 2020 |date=10 February 2017}}</ref> | ||
*[[1823]] – [[Carnival tragedy of 1823]]: About 110 boys are killed during a [[human crush]] at the [[Franciscan Church of St Mary of Jesus|Convent of the Minori Osservanti]] in [[Valletta]], [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Flashback: Valletta stampede in 1823 killed 100 children |url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20151118/local/Valletta-stampede-in-1823-killed-100-children.592551 |website=Times of Malta |date=18 November 2015 |access-date=23 February 2020 |language=en-gb}}</ref> | *[[1823]] – [[Carnival tragedy of 1823]]: About 110 boys are killed during a [[human crush]] at the [[Franciscan Church of St Mary of Jesus|Convent of the Minori Osservanti]] in [[Valletta]], [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Flashback: Valletta stampede in 1823 killed 100 children |url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20151118/local/Valletta-stampede-in-1823-killed-100-children.592551 |website=Times of Malta |date=18 November 2015 |access-date=23 February 2020 |language=en-gb}}</ref> | ||
*[[1826]] – [[University College London]] is founded as [[University of London]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Andrews |first1=Matthew |title=Universities in the Age of Reform, 1800–1870: Durham, London and King's College |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-76726-0 |page=77 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RYteDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1826]] – [[University College London]] is founded as [[University of London]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Andrews |first1=Matthew |title=Universities in the Age of Reform, 1800–1870: Durham, London and King's College |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-76726-0 |page=77 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RYteDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1840]] – [[Gaetano Donizetti]]'s opera ''[[La fille du régiment]]'' receives its first performance in Paris, France.<ref>{{cite web |title=La Fille du régiment — Productions — Royal Opera House |url=https://www.roh.org.uk/productions/la-fille-du-regiment-by-laurent-pelly |website=www.roh.org.uk |access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> | *[[1840]] – [[Gaetano Donizetti]]'s opera ''[[La fille du régiment]]'' receives its first performance in Paris, France.<ref>{{cite web |title=La Fille du régiment — Productions — Royal Opera House |url=https://www.roh.org.uk/productions/la-fille-du-regiment-by-laurent-pelly |website=www.roh.org.uk |access-date=23 February 2020 |archive-date=14 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214182356/https://www.roh.org.uk/productions/la-fille-du-regiment-by-laurent-pelly |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
*[[1843]] – [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s opera ''[[I Lombardi alla prima crociata]]'' receives its first performance in [[Milan]], Italy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Parker |first1=Roger |title=The New Grove Guide to Verdi and His Operas |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-972781-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/newgroveguidetov00roge/page/67 67] |url=https://archive.org/details/newgroveguidetov00roge |url-access=registration |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1843]] – [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s opera ''[[I Lombardi alla prima crociata]]'' receives its first performance in [[Milan]], Italy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Parker |first1=Roger |title=The New Grove Guide to Verdi and His Operas |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-972781-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/newgroveguidetov00roge/page/67 67] |url=https://archive.org/details/newgroveguidetov00roge |url-access=registration |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1855]] – Kassa Hailu is crowned [[Tewodros II]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethiopia - The Zagwe and Solomonic dynasties |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia/|website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=23 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1855]] – Kassa Hailu is crowned [[Tewodros II]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethiopia - The Zagwe and Solomonic dynasties |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia/|website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=23 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1856]] – The Kingdom of [[Awadh]] is annexed by the British [[East India Company]] and [[Wajid Ali Shah]], the king of Awadh, is deposed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Premchand |first1=Munshi |title=Premchand's Kazaki and Other Marvellous Tales |date=2014 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-5009-562-1 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wMdUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT107 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1856]] – The Kingdom of [[Awadh]] is annexed by the British [[East India Company]] and [[Wajid Ali Shah]], the king of Awadh, is deposed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Premchand |first1=Munshi |title=Premchand's Kazaki and Other Marvellous Tales |date=2014 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-5009-562-1 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wMdUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT107 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1858]] – [[Bernadette Soubirous]]'s first [[Lourdes apparitions|vision]] of the [[Our Lady of Lourdes|Blessed Virgin Mary]] occurs in [[Lourdes]], France.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Bernadette of Lourdes | *[[1858]] – [[Bernadette Soubirous]]'s first [[Lourdes apparitions|vision]] of the [[Our Lady of Lourdes|Blessed Virgin Mary]] occurs in [[Lourdes]], France.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Bernadette of Lourdes | Biography, Facts, & Feast Day |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Bernadette-of-Lourdes |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=23 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1861]] – [[American Civil War]]: The [[United States House of Representatives]] unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with [[slavery]] in any [[U.S. state|state]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Masur |first1=Louis P. |title=Lincoln's Hundred Days: The Emancipation Proclamation and the War for the Union |date=2012 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-06753-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lincolnshundredd0000masu/page/343 343] |url=https://archive.org/details/lincolnshundredd0000masu |url-access=registration |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1861]] – [[American Civil War]]: The [[United States House of Representatives]] unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with [[slavery]] in any [[U.S. state|state]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Masur |first1=Louis P. |title=Lincoln's Hundred Days: The Emancipation Proclamation and the War for the Union |date=2012 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-06753-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lincolnshundredd0000masu/page/343 343] |url=https://archive.org/details/lincolnshundredd0000masu |url-access=registration |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1873]] – King [[Amadeo I of Spain]] abdicates, triggering the proclamation of the [[First Spanish Republic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amadeus | *[[1873]] – King [[Amadeo I of Spain]] abdicates, triggering the proclamation of the [[First Spanish Republic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amadeus | king of Spain |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amadeus-king-of-Spain |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biografía de Amadeo I de Saboya (1871-1873) - Reyes y Reinas de la España Contemporánea |url=https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/reyes_y_reinas_espana_contemporanea/amadeo_i_biografia/ |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes |language=es}}</ref> | ||
*[[1889]] – The [[Meiji Constitution]] of Japan is adopted.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boscaro |first1=Adriana |last2=Gatti |first2=Franco |last3=Raveri |first3=Massimo |title=Rethinking Japan Vol 2: Social Sciences, Ideology and Thought |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-88081-1 |page=48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vHh0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1889]] – The [[Meiji Constitution]] of Japan is adopted.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boscaro |first1=Adriana |last2=Gatti |first2=Franco |last3=Raveri |first3=Massimo |title=Rethinking Japan Vol 2: Social Sciences, Ideology and Thought |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-88081-1 |page=48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vHh0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
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*[[1903]] – [[Anton Bruckner]]'s [[Symphony No. 9 (Bruckner)|9th Symphony]] receives its first performance in [[Vienna]], Austria.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anton Bruckner (1824-1896) |url=https://mahlerfoundation.org/en/mahler/personen-2/bruckner-anton-1824-1896 |website=Mahler Foundation |date=6 January 2015 |access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> | *[[1903]] – [[Anton Bruckner]]'s [[Symphony No. 9 (Bruckner)|9th Symphony]] receives its first performance in [[Vienna]], Austria.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anton Bruckner (1824-1896) |url=https://mahlerfoundation.org/en/mahler/personen-2/bruckner-anton-1824-1896 |website=Mahler Foundation |date=6 January 2015 |access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1906]] – [[Pope Pius X]] publishes the encyclical ''[[Vehementer Nos]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chadwick |first1=Owen |title=A History of the Popes, 1830-1914 |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-926286-1 |page=394 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xtbLJZOKxx8C&pg=PA394 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1906]] – [[Pope Pius X]] publishes the encyclical ''[[Vehementer Nos]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chadwick |first1=Owen |title=A History of the Popes, 1830-1914 |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-926286-1 |page=394 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xtbLJZOKxx8C&pg=PA394 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1919]] – [[Friedrich Ebert]] ([[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]), is elected [[President of Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Weimar Republic | *[[1919]] – [[Friedrich Ebert]] ([[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]), is elected [[President of Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Weimar Republic | Facts, Constitution, & Downfall |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Weimar-Republic |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=24 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1929]] – The [[Kingdom of Italy]] and the [[Holy See|Vatican]] sign the [[Lateran Treaty]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lateran Treaty - Oxford Reference |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100052999 |website=www.oxfordreference.com |access-date=24 February 2020 |language=en }}</ref> | *[[1929]] – The [[Kingdom of Italy]] and the [[Holy See|Vatican]] sign the [[Lateran Treaty]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lateran Treaty - Oxford Reference |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100052999 |website=www.oxfordreference.com |access-date=24 February 2020 |language=en }}</ref> | ||
*[[1933]] – [[LAPD Red Squad raid on John Reed Club art show]] in the U.S. results in the destruction of a dozen political artworks.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=February 1933 |title=Red Squad-Communists Clash at City Hall |url=https://digitallibrary.californiahistoricalsociety.org/object/34527 |magazine=Open Forum |page=1 |volume=10 |issue=8 |issn=0030-3429 |oclc=4098587}}</ref> | *[[1933]] – [[LAPD Red Squad raid on John Reed Club art show]] in the U.S. results in the destruction of a dozen political artworks.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=February 1933 |title=Red Squad-Communists Clash at City Hall |url=https://digitallibrary.californiahistoricalsociety.org/object/34527 |magazine=Open Forum |page=1 |volume=10 |issue=8 |issn=0030-3429 |oclc=4098587}}</ref> | ||
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*[[1971]] – Cold War: the [[Seabed Arms Control Treaty]] opened for signature outlawing [[nuclear weapon]]s on the ocean floor in [[international waters]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Experts |first1=Disha |title=Exclusive Social, Polity & Economy Topics for Civil Services (IAS/IPS) Prelims & Mains Exam |date=2019 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-93-89418-24-8 |page=222 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnGrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA222 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1971]] – Cold War: the [[Seabed Arms Control Treaty]] opened for signature outlawing [[nuclear weapon]]s on the ocean floor in [[international waters]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Experts |first1=Disha |title=Exclusive Social, Polity & Economy Topics for Civil Services (IAS/IPS) Prelims & Mains Exam |date=2019 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-93-89418-24-8 |page=222 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnGrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA222 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1978]] – [[Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314]] crashes at the [[Cranbrook/Canadian Rockies International Airport]] in [[Cranbrook, British Columbia]], Canada with 42 deaths and seven survivors.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|date=|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-275 C-FPWC Cranbrook Airport, BC (YXC)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19780211-0|access-date=2021-02-10|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> | *[[1978]] – [[Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314]] crashes at the [[Cranbrook/Canadian Rockies International Airport]] in [[Cranbrook, British Columbia]], Canada with 42 deaths and seven survivors.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|date=|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-275 C-FPWC Cranbrook Airport, BC (YXC)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19780211-0|access-date=2021-02-10|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> | ||
*[[1979]] – The [[Iranian Revolution]] establishes an Islamic theocracy under the leadership of [[Ayatollah]] [[Ruhollah Khomeini]].<ref>{{cite web |title=1979: Victory for Khomeini as army steps aside |url= | *[[1979]] – The [[Iranian Revolution]] establishes an Islamic theocracy under the leadership of [[Ayatollah]] [[Ruhollah Khomeini]].<ref>{{cite web |title=1979: Victory for Khomeini as army steps aside |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/11/newsid_3477000/3477323.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=24 February 2020 |date=11 February 1979}}</ref> | ||
*[[1990]] – [[Nelson Mandela]] is released from [[Drakenstein Correctional Centre|Victor Verster Prison]] outside [[Cape Town]], South Africa after 27 years as a political prisoner.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beresford |first1=David |title=From the archive, 12 February 1990: Nelson Mandela: A man whose time has come at last |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/dec/06/1990-nelson-mandela-victor-verster-prison |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=24 February 2020 |date=6 December 2013}}</ref> | *[[1990]] – [[Nelson Mandela]] is released from [[Drakenstein Correctional Centre|Victor Verster Prison]] outside [[Cape Town]], South Africa after 27 years as a political prisoner.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beresford |first1=David |title=From the archive, 12 February 1990: Nelson Mandela: A man whose time has come at last |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/dec/06/1990-nelson-mandela-victor-verster-prison |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=24 February 2020 |date=6 December 2013}}</ref> | ||
* 1990 – [[Buster Douglas]], a 42:1 underdog, [[Mike Tyson vs. Buster Douglas|knocks out]] [[Mike Tyson]] in ten rounds at Tokyo to win [[boxing]]'s world Heavyweight title.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Campbell |first1=Paul |title=From the Vault: Mike Tyson is knocked out by 42–1 underdog Buster Douglas |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2015/feb/11/mike-tyson-underdog-buster-douglas-boxing-from-the-vault |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=24 February 2020 |date=11 February 2015}}</ref> | * 1990 – [[Buster Douglas]], a 42:1 underdog, [[Mike Tyson vs. Buster Douglas|knocks out]] [[Mike Tyson]] in ten rounds at Tokyo to win [[boxing]]'s world Heavyweight title.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Campbell |first1=Paul |title=From the Vault: Mike Tyson is knocked out by 42–1 underdog Buster Douglas |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2015/feb/11/mike-tyson-underdog-buster-douglas-boxing-from-the-vault |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=24 February 2020 |date=11 February 2015}}</ref> | ||
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==Births== | ==Births== | ||
===Pre-1600=== | ===Pre-1600=== | ||
*[[1380]] – [[Poggio Bracciolini]], Italian scholar and translator (died 1459)<ref>{{cite web |title=Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini | *[[1380]] – [[Poggio Bracciolini]], Italian scholar and translator (died 1459)<ref>{{cite web |title=Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini | Italian scholar |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gian-Francesco-Poggio-Bracciolini |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1466]] – [[Elizabeth of York]] (died 1503)<ref name=Elizabeth>{{cite web |title=Henry VII and Elizabeth of York |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/henry-vii-and-elizabeth-of-york |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1466]] – [[Elizabeth of York]] (died 1503)<ref name=Elizabeth>{{cite web |title=Henry VII and Elizabeth of York |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/henry-vii-and-elizabeth-of-york |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1535]] – [[Pope Gregory XIV]] (died 1591)<ref>{{cite web |title=Gregory XIV | *[[1535]] – [[Pope Gregory XIV]] (died 1591)<ref>{{cite web |title=Gregory XIV | pope |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gregory-XIV |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1568]] – [[Honoré d'Urfé]], French author and playwright (died 1625)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Warner |first1=Charles Dudley |title=A Library of the World's Best Literature - Ancient and Modern - Vol.XLIII (Forty-Five Volumes); Dictionary of Authors (K-Z) |date=2008 |publisher=Cosimo, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60520-251-8 |page=539 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j6k3F_89oyEC&pg=PA539 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1568]] – [[Honoré d'Urfé]], French author and playwright (died 1625)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Warner |first1=Charles Dudley |title=A Library of the World's Best Literature - Ancient and Modern - Vol.XLIII (Forty-Five Volumes); Dictionary of Authors (K-Z) |date=2008 |publisher=Cosimo, Inc. |isbn=978-1-60520-251-8 |page=539 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j6k3F_89oyEC&pg=PA539 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
===1601–1900=== | ===1601–1900=== | ||
*[[1649]] – [[William Carstares]], Scottish minister and academic (died 1715)<ref>{{cite web |title=William Carstares | *[[1624]] – [[Ivan Ančić]], Croatian Franciscan and religious writer (died 1685)<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mihanović-Salopek |first=Hrvojka |date=2006 |title=Ivan Ančić kao promicatelj europskoga humaističkog civilizacijskog kruga na prostorima osmanlijske vlasti u BiH |trans-title=Ivan Ančić as a promoter of the European humanist civilisation circle in the areas of Ottoman rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/108807 |language=hr |journal=Dani Hvarskoga kazališta: Građa i rasprave o hrvatskoj književnosti i kazalištu |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=105–121 |access-date=7 February 2024 |p=105}}</ref> | ||
*[[1657]] – [[Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle]], French poet and playwright (died 1757)<ref>{{cite web |title=Bernard Le Bovier, sieur de Fontenelle | *[[1649]] – [[William Carstares]], Scottish minister and academic (died 1715)<ref>{{cite web |title=William Carstares | Scottish minister |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Carstares |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1657]] – [[Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle]], French poet and playwright (died 1757)<ref>{{cite web |title=Bernard Le Bovier, sieur de Fontenelle | French author and scientist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bernard-Le-Bovier-sieur-de-Fontenelle |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
*[[1708]] – [[Egidio Duni]], Italian composer (died 1775)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boer |first1=Bertil van |title=Historical Dictionary of Music of the Classical Period |date=2012 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7386-5 |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1GchjwmUnmoC&pg=PA169 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1708]] – [[Egidio Duni]], Italian composer (died 1775)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boer |first1=Bertil van |title=Historical Dictionary of Music of the Classical Period |date=2012 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7386-5 |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1GchjwmUnmoC&pg=PA169 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1764]] – [[Marie-Joseph Chénier]], French poet and playwright (died 1811)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nafziger |first1=George F. |title=Historical Dictionary of the Napoleonic Era |date=2001 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6617-1 |page=82 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dcr7Zt2FEPoC&pg=PA82 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1764]] – [[Marie-Joseph Chénier]], French poet and playwright (died 1811)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nafziger |first1=George F. |title=Historical Dictionary of the Napoleonic Era |date=2001 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6617-1 |page=82 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dcr7Zt2FEPoC&pg=PA82 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1776]] – [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]], Greek politician, 1st [[List of heads of state of Greece|Governor of Greece]] (died 1831)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=Michael |title=Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes] |date=2014 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-286-1 |page=252 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4-dAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1776]] – [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]], Greek politician, 1st [[List of heads of state of Greece|Governor of Greece]] (died 1831)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=Michael |title=Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes] |date=2014 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-286-1 |page=252 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4-dAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1800]] – [[Henry Fox Talbot]], English photographer and politician, invented the [[calotype]] (died 1877)<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC - History - William Henry Fox Talbot |url= | *[[1800]] – [[Henry Fox Talbot]], English photographer and politician, invented the [[calotype]] (died 1877)<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC - History - William Henry Fox Talbot |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/fox_talbot_william_henry.shtml |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1802]] – [[Lydia Maria Child]], American journalist, author, and activist (died 1880)<ref>{{cite web |title=Lydia Maria Child | *[[1802]] – [[Lydia Maria Child]], American journalist, author, and activist (died 1880)<ref>{{cite web |title=Lydia Maria Child | American author |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lydia-Maria-Child |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=13 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1805]] – [[Jean Baptiste Charbonneau]], Native American-French Canadian explorer (died 1866)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Morris |first1=Larry E. |title=The Fate of the Corps: What Became of the Lewis and Clark Explorers After the Expedition |date=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-13024-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/fateofcorps00larr/page/187 187] |url=https://archive.org/details/fateofcorps00larr |url-access=registration |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1805]] – [[Jean Baptiste Charbonneau]], Native American-French Canadian explorer (died 1866)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Morris |first1=Larry E. |title=The Fate of the Corps: What Became of the Lewis and Clark Explorers After the Expedition |date=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-13024-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/fateofcorps00larr/page/187 187] |url=https://archive.org/details/fateofcorps00larr |url-access=registration |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1812]] – [[Alexander H. Stephens]], American lawyer and politician, [[Vice President of the Confederate States of America]] (died 1883)<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander H. Stephens | *[[1812]] – [[Alexander H. Stephens]], American lawyer and politician, [[Vice President of the Confederate States of America]] (died 1883)<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander H. Stephens | vice president of Confederate States of America |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-H-Stephens |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=13 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1813]] – [[Otto Ludwig (writer)|Otto Ludwig]], German author, playwright, and critic (died 1865)<ref>{{cite web |title=Otto Ludwig | *[[1813]] – [[Otto Ludwig (writer)|Otto Ludwig]], German author, playwright, and critic (died 1865)<ref>{{cite web |title=Otto Ludwig | German writer |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otto-Ludwig |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=25 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1821]] – [[Auguste Mariette]], French archaeologist and scholar (died 1881)<ref>{{cite web |title=Auguste Mariette | *[[1821]] – [[Auguste Mariette]], French archaeologist and scholar (died 1881)<ref>{{cite web |title=Auguste Mariette | French archaeologist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Auguste-Mariette |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=25 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1830]] – [[Hans Bronsart von Schellendorff]], Prussian pianist and composer (died 1913)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Giraudet |first1=Jean-Paul |title=Hans Bronsart von Schellendorf |url=https://musicalics.com/en/composer/Hans-Bronsart-von-Schellendorf |website=musicalics.com |access-date=25 February 2020 |language=fr |date=1 March 2014}}</ref> | *[[1830]] – [[Hans Bronsart von Schellendorff]], Prussian pianist and composer (died 1913)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Giraudet |first1=Jean-Paul |title=Hans Bronsart von Schellendorf |url=https://musicalics.com/en/composer/Hans-Bronsart-von-Schellendorf |website=musicalics.com |access-date=25 February 2020 |language=fr |date=1 March 2014}}</ref> | ||
*[[1833]] – [[Melville Fuller]], American lawyer and jurist, 8th [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (died 1910)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Orth |first1=John V. |title=Fuller, Melville Weston |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195176612.001.0001/acref-9780195176612-e-0459 |website=The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=25 February 2020 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195176612.001.0001 |date=2005|isbn=9780195176612 }}</ref> | *[[1833]] – [[Melville Fuller]], American lawyer and jurist, 8th [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (died 1910)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Orth |first1=John V. |title=Fuller, Melville Weston |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195176612.001.0001/acref-9780195176612-e-0459 |website=The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=25 February 2020 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195176612.001.0001 |date=2005|isbn=9780195176612 }}</ref> | ||
*[[1839]] – [[Josiah Willard Gibbs]], American physicist (died 1903)<ref>{{cite web |title=J. Willard Gibbs | *[[1839]] – [[Josiah Willard Gibbs]], American physicist (died 1903)<ref>{{cite web |title=J. Willard Gibbs | American scientist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-Willard-Gibbs |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1845]] – [[Ahmet Tevfik Pasha]], Ottoman soldier and politician, [[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] (died 1936)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ahmed Tevfik Paşa | *[[1845]] – [[Ahmet Tevfik Pasha]], Ottoman soldier and politician, [[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]] (died 1936)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ahmed Tevfik Paşa | Ottoman vizier |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ahmed-Tevfik-Pasa |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1847]] – [[Thomas Edison]], American engineer and businessman, developed the [[light bulb]] and [[phonograph]] (died 1931)<ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas Edison | *[[1847]] – [[Thomas Edison]], American engineer and businessman, developed the [[light bulb]] and [[phonograph]] (died 1931)<ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas Edison | Biography, Inventions, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Edison |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1855]] – [[Ellen Day Hale]], American painter and author (died 1940)<ref name=Hale>{{cite web |title=Ellen Day Hale | *[[1855]] – [[Ellen Day Hale]], American painter and author (died 1940)<ref name=Hale>{{cite web |title=Ellen Day Hale | Smithsonian American Art Museum |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/ellen-day-hale-2022 |website=americanart.si.edu |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1860]] – [[Rachilde]], French author and playwright (died 1953)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hawthorne |first1=Melanie |title=Rachilde and French Women's Authorship: From Decadence to Modernism |date=2001 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-2402-5 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TcjSMZ3Z5Q0C&pg=PA12 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1860]] – [[Rachilde]], French author and playwright (died 1953)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hawthorne |first1=Melanie |title=Rachilde and French Women's Authorship: From Decadence to Modernism |date=2001 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-2402-5 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TcjSMZ3Z5Q0C&pg=PA12 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1863]] – [[John F. Fitzgerald]], American politician; [[Mayor of Boston]] (died 1950)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fitzgerald, John Francis (1863-1950) |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0600188 |website=www.anb.org |year=2000 |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600188|last1=Burns |first1=Constance K. |isbn=978-0-19-860669-7 }}</ref> | *[[1863]] – [[John F. Fitzgerald]], American politician; [[Mayor of Boston]] (died 1950)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fitzgerald, John Francis (1863-1950) |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0600188 |website=www.anb.org |year=2000 |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600188|last1=Burns |first1=Constance K. |isbn=978-0-19-860669-7 }}</ref> | ||
| Line 103: | Line 103: | ||
*[[1888]] – [[John Warren Davis (college president)|John Warren Davis]], American educator, college administrator, and civil rights leader (died 1980)<ref name="WVAH 1">{{cite web |url= http://www.wvculture.org/history/archives/blacks/jwdavis.html |title= John Warren Davis |author= West Virginia Archives and History |year= 2019 |publisher= West Virginia Department of Arts, Culture and History |access-date= February 29, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200229171815/http://www.wvculture.org/history/archives/blacks/jwdavis.html |archive-date= February 29, 2020}}</ref><ref name="The Record 1">{{cite news | last = Anderson | first = Gene | title = Dr. John Warren Davis, adviser to five presidents | newspaper = [[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]] | location = [[Hackensack, New Jersey]] | date = July 13, 1980 | page = 22 | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46009114/dr-john-warren-davis-adviser-to-five/ | access-date = March 2, 2020 | via = [[Newspapers.com]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200302233738/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46009114/dr-john-warren-davis-adviser-to-five/ | archive-date = March 2, 2020}}</ref> | *[[1888]] – [[John Warren Davis (college president)|John Warren Davis]], American educator, college administrator, and civil rights leader (died 1980)<ref name="WVAH 1">{{cite web |url= http://www.wvculture.org/history/archives/blacks/jwdavis.html |title= John Warren Davis |author= West Virginia Archives and History |year= 2019 |publisher= West Virginia Department of Arts, Culture and History |access-date= February 29, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200229171815/http://www.wvculture.org/history/archives/blacks/jwdavis.html |archive-date= February 29, 2020}}</ref><ref name="The Record 1">{{cite news | last = Anderson | first = Gene | title = Dr. John Warren Davis, adviser to five presidents | newspaper = [[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]] | location = [[Hackensack, New Jersey]] | date = July 13, 1980 | page = 22 | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46009114/dr-john-warren-davis-adviser-to-five/ | access-date = March 2, 2020 | via = [[Newspapers.com]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200302233738/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46009114/dr-john-warren-davis-adviser-to-five/ | archive-date = March 2, 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1897]] – [[Emil Leon Post]], Polish-American mathematician and logician (died 1954)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shook |first1=John R. |title=Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers |date=2005 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-84371-037-0 |page=1951 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&pg=PA1951 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1897]] – [[Emil Leon Post]], Polish-American mathematician and logician (died 1954)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shook |first1=John R. |title=Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers |date=2005 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-84371-037-0 |page=1951 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&pg=PA1951 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1898]] – [[Leo Szilard]], Hungarian-American physicist and academic (died 1964)<ref>{{cite web |title=Leo Szilard | *[[1898]] – [[Leo Szilard]], Hungarian-American physicist and academic (died 1964)<ref>{{cite web |title=Leo Szilard | American physicist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-Szilard |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1900]] – [[Ellen Broe]], Danish nurse, pioneer in nursing education (died 1994)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/313/origin/170/|title=Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon - Ellen Broe|date=2007-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708132625/http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/313/origin/170/|archive-date=July 8, 2007|access-date=2017-10-24}}</ref> | *[[1900]] – [[Ellen Broe]], Danish nurse, pioneer in nursing education (died 1994)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/313/origin/170/|title=Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon - Ellen Broe|date=2007-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708132625/http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/313/origin/170/|archive-date=July 8, 2007|access-date=2017-10-24}}</ref> | ||
* 1900 – [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]], German philosopher and scholar (died 2002)<ref>{{cite web |title=Hans-Georg Gadamer |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/hans-georg-gadamer-9148259.html |website=The Independent |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |date=26 March 2002}}</ref> | * 1900 – [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]], German philosopher and scholar (died 2002)<ref>{{cite web |title=Hans-Georg Gadamer |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/hans-georg-gadamer-9148259.html |website=The Independent |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |date=26 March 2002}}</ref> | ||
| Line 115: | Line 115: | ||
* 1908 – [[Vivian Fuchs]], English explorer (died 1999)<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary: Sir Vivian Fuchs |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-sir-vivian-fuchs-1125583.html |website=The Independent |access-date=6 March 2020 |language=en |date=13 November 1999}}</ref> | * 1908 – [[Vivian Fuchs]], English explorer (died 1999)<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary: Sir Vivian Fuchs |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-sir-vivian-fuchs-1125583.html |website=The Independent |access-date=6 March 2020 |language=en |date=13 November 1999}}</ref> | ||
*[[1909]] – [[Max Baer (boxer)|Max Baer]], American boxer and actor (died 1959)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grasso |first1=John |title=Historical Dictionary of Boxing |date=2013 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7867-9 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njefAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1909]] – [[Max Baer (boxer)|Max Baer]], American boxer and actor (died 1959)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grasso |first1=John |title=Historical Dictionary of Boxing |date=2013 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7867-9 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njefAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1909 – [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]], American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1993)<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph L. Mankiewicz | * 1909 – [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]], American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1993)<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph L. Mankiewicz | Biography, Movies, Assessment, and Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-L-Mankiewicz |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=6 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1912]] – [[Rudolf Firkušný]], Czech-American pianist and educator (died 1994)<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary: Rudolf Firkusny |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-rudolf-firkusny-1415563.html |website=The Independent |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en |date=23 July 1994}}</ref> | *[[1912]] – [[Rudolf Firkušný]], Czech-American pianist and educator (died 1994)<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary: Rudolf Firkusny |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-rudolf-firkusny-1415563.html |website=The Independent |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en |date=23 July 1994}}</ref> | ||
*[[1914]] – [[Matt Dennis]], American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 2002)<ref>{{cite web |title=Matt Dennis - Oxford Reference |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095710476 |website=www.oxfordreference.com |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en }}</ref> | *[[1914]] – [[Matt Dennis]], American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 2002)<ref>{{cite web |title=Matt Dennis - Oxford Reference |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095710476 |website=www.oxfordreference.com |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en }}</ref> | ||
| Line 123: | Line 123: | ||
*[[1917]] – [[Sidney Sheldon]], American author and screenwriter (died 2007)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sidney Sheldon |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/sidney-sheldon-434541.html |website=The Independent |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en |date=1 February 2007}}</ref> | *[[1917]] – [[Sidney Sheldon]], American author and screenwriter (died 2007)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sidney Sheldon |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/sidney-sheldon-434541.html |website=The Independent |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en |date=1 February 2007}}</ref> | ||
*[[1919]] – [[Eva Gabor]], Hungarian-American actress (died 1995)<ref name="UPI">{{cite web |title=Famous birthdays for Feb. 11: Damian Lewis, Khalid |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2023/02/11/Famous-birthdays-for-Feb-11-Damian-Lewis-Khalid/6091676075273/ |publisher=[[UPI]] |access-date=10 February 2024 |date=11 February 2023}}</ref> | *[[1919]] – [[Eva Gabor]], Hungarian-American actress (died 1995)<ref name="UPI">{{cite web |title=Famous birthdays for Feb. 11: Damian Lewis, Khalid |url=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2023/02/11/Famous-birthdays-for-Feb-11-Damian-Lewis-Khalid/6091676075273/ |publisher=[[UPI]] |access-date=10 February 2024 |date=11 February 2023}}</ref> | ||
*[[1920]] – [[Farouk of Egypt]] (died 1965)<ref>{{cite web |title=Farouk I | *[[1920]] – [[Farouk of Egypt]] (died 1965)<ref>{{cite web |title=Farouk I | king of Egypt |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Farouk-I |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1920 – [[Daniel F. Galouye]], American author (died 1976)<ref>{{cite web |title=Authors : Galouye, Daniel F : SFE : Science Fiction Encyclopedia |url=http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/galouye_daniel_f |website=www.sf-encyclopedia.com |access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> | * 1920 – [[Daniel F. Galouye]], American author (died 1976)<ref>{{cite web |title=Authors : Galouye, Daniel F : SFE : Science Fiction Encyclopedia |url=http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/galouye_daniel_f |website=www.sf-encyclopedia.com |access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> | ||
* 1920 – [[Billy Halop]], American actor (died 1976)<ref>{{cite web |title=Billy Halop |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1600fc6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805051447/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1600fc6 |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 5, 2019 |website=BFI |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | * 1920 – [[Billy Halop]], American actor (died 1976)<ref>{{cite web |title=Billy Halop |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1600fc6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805051447/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1600fc6 |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 5, 2019 |website=BFI |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1920 – [[Daniel James, Jr.]], American general and pilot (died 1978)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Finkelman |first1=Paul |title=Encyclopedia of African American History: 5-Volume Set |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-516779-5 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC&pg=RA2-PA15 |language=en}}</ref> | * 1920 – [[Daniel James, Jr.]], American general and pilot (died 1978)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Finkelman |first1=Paul |title=Encyclopedia of African American History: 5-Volume Set |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-516779-5 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC&pg=RA2-PA15 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1921]] – [[Lloyd Bentsen]], American politician, 69th [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]] (died 2006)<ref>{{cite web |title=Lloyd Bentsen | *[[1921]] – [[Lloyd Bentsen]], American politician, 69th [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]] (died 2006)<ref>{{cite web |title=Lloyd Bentsen | American politician |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lloyd-Bentsen |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1921 – [[Ottavio Missoni]], Italian hurdler and fashion designer, founded [[Missoni]] (died 2013)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cochrane |first1=Lauren |title=Ottavio Missoni obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2013/may/09/ottavio-missoni |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=9 May 2013}}</ref> | * 1921 – [[Ottavio Missoni]], Italian hurdler and fashion designer, founded [[Missoni]] (died 2013)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cochrane |first1=Lauren |title=Ottavio Missoni obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2013/may/09/ottavio-missoni |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=9 May 2013}}</ref> | ||
*[[1923]] – [[Antony Flew]], English philosopher and academic (died 2010)<ref>{{cite web |title=Antony Flew | *[[1923]] – [[Antony Flew]], English philosopher and academic (died 2010)<ref>{{cite web |title=Antony Flew | English philosopher |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antony-Flew |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1924]] – [[Budge Patty]], American tennis player (died 2021)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grasso |first1=John |title=Historical Dictionary of Tennis |date=2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7237-0 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W39oSS7c2xAC&pg=PA220 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1924]] – [[Budge Patty]], American tennis player (died 2021)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grasso |first1=John |title=Historical Dictionary of Tennis |date=2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7237-0 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W39oSS7c2xAC&pg=PA220 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1925]] – [[Virginia E. Johnson]], American psychologist and academic (died 2013)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hayman |first1=Suzie |title=Virginia Johnson obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jul/28/virginia-johnson |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=28 July 2013}}</ref> | *[[1925]] – [[Virginia E. Johnson]], American psychologist and academic (died 2013)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hayman |first1=Suzie |title=Virginia Johnson obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jul/28/virginia-johnson |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=28 July 2013}}</ref> | ||
* 1925 – [[Kim Stanley]], American actress (died 2001)<ref>{{cite web |title=Kim Stanley | * 1925 – [[Kim Stanley]], American actress (died 2001)<ref>{{cite web |title=Kim Stanley | American actress |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kim-Stanley |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1926]] – [[Paul Bocuse]], French chef (died 2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul Bocuse | *[[1926]] – [[Paul Bocuse]], French chef (died 2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul Bocuse | French chef |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Bocuse |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1926 – [[Leslie Nielsen]], Canadian-American actor and producer (died 2010)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bergan |first1=Ronald |title=Leslie Nielsen obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/nov/29/leslie-nielsen-obituary |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=29 November 2010}}</ref> | * 1926 – [[Leslie Nielsen]], Canadian-American actor and producer (died 2010)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bergan |first1=Ronald |title=Leslie Nielsen obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/nov/29/leslie-nielsen-obituary |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=29 November 2010}}</ref> | ||
*[[1930]] – [[Roy De Forest]], American painter and academic (died 2007).<ref>{{cite web |title=San Francisco Arts Commission |url=https://www.sfartscommission.org/experience-art/exhibitions/civic-art-collection-focus-roy-de-forest |website=www.sfartscommission.org |access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> | *[[1930]] – [[Roy De Forest]], American painter and academic (died 2007).<ref>{{cite web |title=San Francisco Arts Commission |url=https://www.sfartscommission.org/experience-art/exhibitions/civic-art-collection-focus-roy-de-forest |website=www.sfartscommission.org |access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> | ||
| Line 142: | Line 142: | ||
* 1934 – [[Manuel Noriega]], Panamanian general and politician, [[List of heads of state of Panama|Military leader of Panama]] (died 2017)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caistor |first1=Nick |title=Manuel Noriega obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/30/manuel-noriega-obituary |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=30 May 2017}}</ref> | * 1934 – [[Manuel Noriega]], Panamanian general and politician, [[List of heads of state of Panama|Military leader of Panama]] (died 2017)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caistor |first1=Nick |title=Manuel Noriega obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/30/manuel-noriega-obituary |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=30 May 2017}}</ref> | ||
* 1934 – [[David Taylor (veterinarian)|David Taylor]], English veterinarian and television host (died 2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=David Taylor |url=http://www.bafta.org/heritage/in-memory-of/david-taylor |website=www.bafta.org |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en |date=3 April 2013}}</ref> | * 1934 – [[David Taylor (veterinarian)|David Taylor]], English veterinarian and television host (died 2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=David Taylor |url=http://www.bafta.org/heritage/in-memory-of/david-taylor |website=www.bafta.org |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en |date=3 April 2013}}</ref> | ||
*[[1935]] – [[Gene Vincent]], American singer and guitarist (died 1971)<ref>{{cite web |title=Gene Vincent | *[[1935]] – [[Gene Vincent]], American singer and guitarist (died 1971)<ref>{{cite web |title=Gene Vincent | American singer |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gene-Vincent |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1936]] – [[Burt Reynolds]], American actor and director (died 2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary: Burt Reynolds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-38589977 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=6 September 2018}}</ref> | *[[1936]] – [[Burt Reynolds]], American actor and director (died 2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary: Burt Reynolds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-38589977 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=6 September 2018}}</ref> | ||
*[[1937]] – [[Ian Gow]], British politician (died 1990)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-ian-gow/index.html|title=Mr Ian Gow (Hansard)|website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref> | *[[1937]] – [[Ian Gow]], British politician (died 1990)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-ian-gow/index.html|title=Mr Ian Gow (Hansard)|website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref> | ||
* 1937 – [[Bill Lawry]], Australian cricketer and sportscaster<ref>{{cite book |last1=Berkmann |first1=Marcus |title=Berkmann's Cricketing Miscellany |date=2019 |publisher=Little, Brown Book Group |isbn=978-1-4087-1175-0 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lc2ODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28 |language=en}}</ref> | * 1937 – [[Bill Lawry]], Australian cricketer and sportscaster<ref>{{cite book |last1=Berkmann |first1=Marcus |title=Berkmann's Cricketing Miscellany |date=2019 |publisher=Little, Brown Book Group |isbn=978-1-4087-1175-0 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lc2ODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1937 – [[Eddie Shack]], Canadian ice hockey player (died 2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=Eddie Shack | * 1937 – [[Eddie Shack]], Canadian ice hockey player (died 2020)<ref>{{cite web |title=Eddie Shack | The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/eddie-shack |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
* 1937 – [[Phillip Walker (musician)|Phillip Walker]], American singer and guitarist (died 2010)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Russell |first1=Tony |title=Phillip Walker obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/aug/10/phillip-walker-obituary |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=10 August 2010}}</ref> | * 1937 – [[Phillip Walker (musician)|Phillip Walker]], American singer and guitarist (died 2010)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Russell |first1=Tony |title=Phillip Walker obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/aug/10/phillip-walker-obituary |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=10 August 2010}}</ref> | ||
*[[1938]] – [[Bevan Congdon]], New Zealand cricketer (died 2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Cricket: Former New Zealand cricket captain Bevan Congdon dies |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=11991985 |website=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en-NZ |date=10 February 2018}}</ref> | *[[1938]] – [[Bevan Congdon]], New Zealand cricketer (died 2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Cricket: Former New Zealand cricket captain Bevan Congdon dies |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=11991985 |website=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en-NZ |date=10 February 2018}}</ref> | ||
*[[1939]] – [[Gerry Goffin]], American songwriter (died 2014)<ref>{{cite web |title=Legendary Songwriter Gerry Goffin February 11, 1939 - June 19, 2014 | *[[1939]] – [[Gerry Goffin]], American songwriter (died 2014)<ref>{{cite web |title=Legendary Songwriter Gerry Goffin February 11, 1939 - June 19, 2014 | Carole King |url=https://www.caroleking.com/news/legendary-songwriter-gerry-goffin-february-11-1939-june-19-2014 |website=www.caroleking.com |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1940]] – [[Calvin Fowler]], American basketball player (died 2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=Former SFU star and Team USA Captain, Cal Fowler, dies |url=https://sfuathletics.com/news/2013/3/8/MBB_0308131617 |publisher=[[Saint Francis University]] |access-date=10 February 2024 |date=8 March 2013}}</ref> | *[[1940]] – [[Calvin Fowler]], American basketball player (died 2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=Former SFU star and Team USA Captain, Cal Fowler, dies |url=https://sfuathletics.com/news/2013/3/8/MBB_0308131617 |publisher=[[Saint Francis University]] |access-date=10 February 2024 |date=8 March 2013}}</ref> | ||
*[[1941]] – [[Sérgio Mendes]], Brazilian pianist and composer<ref>Larkin 2011, p. 1995</ref> (died 2024)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singer |first=Barry |date=September 6, 2024 |title=Sergio Mendes, 83, Dies; Brought Brazilian Rhythms to the U.S. Pop Charts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/06/arts/music/sergio-mendes-dead.html |access-date=September 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> | *[[1941]] – [[Sérgio Mendes]], Brazilian pianist and composer<ref>Larkin 2011, p. 1995</ref> (died 2024)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singer |first=Barry |date=September 6, 2024 |title=Sergio Mendes, 83, Dies; Brought Brazilian Rhythms to the U.S. Pop Charts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/06/arts/music/sergio-mendes-dead.html |access-date=September 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> | ||
| Line 157: | Line 157: | ||
*[[1944]] – [[Mike Oxley]], American lawyer and politician (died 2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details |url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=O000163 |website=bioguideretro.congress.gov |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> | *[[1944]] – [[Mike Oxley]], American lawyer and politician (died 2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details |url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=O000163 |website=bioguideretro.congress.gov |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
* 1944 – [[Joy Williams (American writer)|Joy Williams]], American novelist, short story writer, and essayist<ref>{{cite book |last1=Werlock |first1=Abby H. P. |title=Companion to Literature: Facts on File Companion to the American Short Story |date=2009 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-2743-9 |page=698 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lWuyTK_0eBsC&pg=PA698 |language=en}}</ref> | * 1944 – [[Joy Williams (American writer)|Joy Williams]], American novelist, short story writer, and essayist<ref>{{cite book |last1=Werlock |first1=Abby H. P. |title=Companion to Literature: Facts on File Companion to the American Short Story |date=2009 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-2743-9 |page=698 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lWuyTK_0eBsC&pg=PA698 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1945]] – [[Michael Scott (Apple)|Michael Scott]], first CEO of [[Apple Inc.]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Walter |last=Isaacson |author-link=Walter Isaacson |year=2011 |title=Steve Jobs |url=https://archive.org/details/stevejobs00isaa |url-access=registration |quote=[Mike] Markkula [born February 11, 1942] and Scott...shared the same birthday, which they celebrated together each year. At their birthday lunch in February 1977, when Scott was turning thirty-two...}}</ref> | |||
*[[1946]] – [[Ian Porterfield]], Scottish footballer and manager (died 2007)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ian Porterfield |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/ian-porterfield-2469221 |website=www.scotsman.com |date=13 September 2007 |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1946]] – [[Ian Porterfield]], Scottish footballer and manager (died 2007)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ian Porterfield |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/ian-porterfield-2469221 |website=www.scotsman.com |date=13 September 2007 |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1947]] – [[Yukio Hatoyama]], Japanese engineer and politician and Prime Minister of Japan<ref>{{cite web |title=Hatoyama Yukio | *[[1947]] – [[Yukio Hatoyama]], Japanese engineer and politician and Prime Minister of Japan<ref>{{cite web |title=Hatoyama Yukio | Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hatoyama-Yukio |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1947 – [[Derek Shulman]], Scottish singer-songwriter and producer<ref>Larkin 2011, p. 2371</ref> | * 1947 – [[Derek Shulman]], Scottish singer-songwriter and producer<ref>Larkin 2011, p. 2371</ref> | ||
*[[1949]] – [[James Silas]], American basketball player<ref>{{cite web |title=James Silas |url=https://www.nba.com/stats/player/78150/career |publisher=[[National Basketball Association]] |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref> | *[[1949]] – [[James Silas]], American basketball player<ref>{{cite web |title=James Silas |url=https://www.nba.com/stats/player/78150/career |publisher=[[National Basketball Association]] |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref> | ||
| Line 174: | Line 175: | ||
*[[1962]] – [[Tammy Baldwin]], American lawyer and politician<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ford |first1=Lynne E. |title=Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics |date=2010 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-1032-5 |page=46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVtFJ5tvINsC&pg=PA46 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1962]] – [[Tammy Baldwin]], American lawyer and politician<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ford |first1=Lynne E. |title=Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics |date=2010 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-1032-5 |page=46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVtFJ5tvINsC&pg=PA46 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1962 – [[Sheryl Crow]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist<ref>Larkin 2011, p. 438</ref> | * 1962 – [[Sheryl Crow]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist<ref>Larkin 2011, p. 438</ref> | ||
*[[1964]] – [[Sarah Palin]], American politician, 9th [[List of Governors of Alaska|Governor of Alaska]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarah Palin | *[[1964]] – [[Sarah Palin]], American politician, 9th [[List of Governors of Alaska|Governor of Alaska]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarah Palin | Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sarah-Heath-Palin |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1964 – [[Ken Shamrock]], American martial artist and wrestler<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wall |first1=Jeremy |title=UFC's Ultimate Warriors: The Top 10 |date=2005 |publisher=ECW Press |isbn=978-1-55022-691-1 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1a0M_otVYYC&pg=PA159 |language=en}}</ref> | * 1964 – [[Ken Shamrock]], American martial artist and wrestler<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wall |first1=Jeremy |title=UFC's Ultimate Warriors: The Top 10 |date=2005 |publisher=ECW Press |isbn=978-1-55022-691-1 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1a0M_otVYYC&pg=PA159 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1965]] – [[Vicki Wilson]], Australian netball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Netball | *[[1965]] – [[Vicki Wilson]], Australian netball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Netball | Coach Profile: Vicki WILSON - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/netball/athlete-profile-n6043097-vicki-wilson.htm |website=results.gc2018.com |access-date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=31 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531060758/https://results.gc2018.com/en/netball/athlete-profile-n6043097-vicki-wilson.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
*[[1967]] – [[Ciro Ferrara]], Italian footballer and manager | *[[1967]] – [[Ciro Ferrara]], Italian footballer and manager | ||
*[[1968]] – [[Mo Willems]], American author and illustrator<ref>{{cite web |title=Literary Birthday – 11 February – Mo Willems |url=https://writerswrite.co.za/literary-birthday-11-february-mo-willems/ |website=Writers Write |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=11 February 2016}}</ref> | *[[1968]] – [[Mo Willems]], American author and illustrator<ref>{{cite web |title=Literary Birthday – 11 February – Mo Willems |url=https://writerswrite.co.za/literary-birthday-11-february-mo-willems/ |website=Writers Write |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=11 February 2016}}</ref> | ||
*[[1969]] – [[Jennifer Aniston]], American actress and producer<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hart |first1=Brian |last2=Rinvolucri |first2=Mario |last3=Puchta |first3=Herbert |last4=Stranks |first4=Jeff |title=English in Mind Starter Level Teacher's Resource Book |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-17689-7 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAdlZKv9ub4C&pg=PA25 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1969]] – [[Jennifer Aniston]], American actress and producer<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hart |first1=Brian |last2=Rinvolucri |first2=Mario |last3=Puchta |first3=Herbert |last4=Stranks |first4=Jeff |title=English in Mind Starter Level Teacher's Resource Book |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-17689-7 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAdlZKv9ub4C&pg=PA25 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1969 – [[Andreas Hilfiker]], Swiss footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Andreas Hilfiker Stats, News, Bio |url=https://www.espn.in/football/player/_/id/161471/andreas-hilfiker |website=ESPN |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | * 1969 – [[Andreas Hilfiker]], Swiss footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Andreas Hilfiker Stats, News, Bio |url=https://www.espn.in/football/player/_/id/161471/andreas-hilfiker |website=ESPN |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1969 – [[John Salako]], Nigerian-English footballer, manager, and sportscaster<ref>{{cite web |title=John Salako - Midfielder - Madejski Men | * 1969 – [[John Salako]], Nigerian-English footballer, manager, and sportscaster<ref>{{cite web |title=John Salako - Midfielder - Madejski Men | Reading FC |url=https://www.readingfc.co.uk/club/history/madejski-men/midfielder/john-salako/ |website=www.readingfc.co.uk |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1971]] – [[Damian Lewis]], English actor<ref>{{cite web |title=Damian Lewis | *[[1971]] – [[Damian Lewis]], English actor<ref>{{cite web |title=Damian Lewis | British actor |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Damian-Lewis |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=13 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1972]] – [[Steve McManaman]], English footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=College Days: Steve McManaman |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2002/dec/10/furthereducation.uk3 |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=10 December 2002}}</ref> | *[[1972]] – [[Steve McManaman]], English footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=College Days: Steve McManaman |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2002/dec/10/furthereducation.uk3 |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=10 December 2002}}</ref> | ||
* 1972 – [[Kelly Slater]], American surfer<ref name="UPI"/> | * 1972 – [[Kelly Slater]], American surfer<ref name="UPI"/> | ||
| Line 202: | Line 203: | ||
*[[1982]] – [[Daryn Colledge]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=Daryn Colledge |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/9633/daryn-colledge |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref> | *[[1982]] – [[Daryn Colledge]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=Daryn Colledge |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/9633/daryn-colledge |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref> | ||
* 1982 – [[Natalie Dormer]], English actress<ref>{{cite web |last1=Earnshaw |first1=Jessica |title=Birthday girl Natalie Dormer stuns in quirky dress at BAFTA Gala... as new GoT stills emerge |url=https://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/643382/Natalie-Dormer-birthday-BAFTA-Gala-Game-Of-Thrones-season-6 |publisher=[[Daily Express]] |access-date=31 January 2023 |date=11 February 2016}}</ref> | * 1982 – [[Natalie Dormer]], English actress<ref>{{cite web |last1=Earnshaw |first1=Jessica |title=Birthday girl Natalie Dormer stuns in quirky dress at BAFTA Gala... as new GoT stills emerge |url=https://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/643382/Natalie-Dormer-birthday-BAFTA-Gala-Game-Of-Thrones-season-6 |publisher=[[Daily Express]] |access-date=31 January 2023 |date=11 February 2016}}</ref> | ||
* 1982 – [[Ľubomíra Kalinová]], Slovak biathlete<ref>{{cite web |title=Lubomira KALINOVA - Olympic Biathlon | * 1982 – [[Ľubomíra Kalinová]], Slovak biathlete<ref>{{cite web |title=Lubomira KALINOVA - Olympic Biathlon | Slovakia |url=https://www.olympic.org/lubomira-kalinova |website=International Olympic Committee |access-date=9 March 2020 |language=en |date=24 June 2016}}</ref> | ||
* 1982 – [[Neil Robertson]], Australian snooker player<ref>{{cite web |title=Aussie mettle wins it for Robertson |url= | * 1982 – [[Neil Robertson]], Australian snooker player<ref>{{cite web |title=Aussie mettle wins it for Robertson |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/8658924.stm |website=BBC Sport |access-date=6 March 2020 |date=4 May 2010}}</ref> | ||
*[[1983]] – [[Rafael van der Vaart]], Dutch footballer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=22239|title=Rafael van der Vaart|website=soccerbase.com|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref> | *[[1983]] – [[Rafael van der Vaart]], Dutch footballer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=22239|title=Rafael van der Vaart|website=soccerbase.com|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1984]] – [[Maarten Heisen]], Dutch sprinter<ref>{{cite web |title=European Athletics - Athlete: Maarten Heisen |url=https://www.european-athletics.org/athletes/group=h/athlete=141716-heisen-maarten/index.html |website=european-athletics |access-date=6 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1984]] – [[Maarten Heisen]], Dutch sprinter<ref>{{cite web |title=European Athletics - Athlete: Maarten Heisen |url=https://www.european-athletics.org/athletes/group=h/athlete=141716-heisen-maarten/index.html |website=european-athletics |access-date=6 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| Line 215: | Line 216: | ||
*[[1987]] – [[Luca Antonelli]], Italian footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Luca Antonelli Stats, News, Bio |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/74381/luca-antonelli?src=com |website=ESPN |access-date=6 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1987]] – [[Luca Antonelli]], Italian footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Luca Antonelli Stats, News, Bio |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/74381/luca-antonelli?src=com |website=ESPN |access-date=6 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1987 – [[Juanmi Callejón]], Spanish footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Juan Callejon |url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/juan-miguel-callejon_prs162293/person.shtml |website=www.eurosport.com |access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> | * 1987 – [[Juanmi Callejón]], Spanish footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Juan Callejon |url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/juan-miguel-callejon_prs162293/person.shtml |website=www.eurosport.com |access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> | ||
* 1987 – [[Brian Matusz]], American baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Brian Matusz Stats, Fantasy & News |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/brian-matusz-451085 |website=MLB.com |access-date=6 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | * 1987 – [[Brian Matusz]], American baseball player (died 2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=Brian Matusz Stats, Fantasy & News |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/brian-matusz-451085 |website=MLB.com |access-date=6 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1987 – [[Jan Smeekens]], Dutch speed skater<ref>{{cite web |title=Jan SMEEKENS - Olympic Speed skating | * 1987 – [[Jan Smeekens]], Dutch speed skater<ref>{{cite web |title=Jan SMEEKENS - Olympic Speed skating | Netherlands |url=https://www.olympic.org/jan-smeekens |website=International Olympic Committee |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |date=29 June 2018}}</ref> | ||
* 1987 – [[Ellen van Dijk]], Dutch cyclist<ref>{{cite web |title=Ellen van Dijk Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/va/ellen-van-dijk-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418112619/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/va/ellen-van-dijk-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | * 1987 – [[Ellen van Dijk]], Dutch cyclist<ref>{{cite web |title=Ellen van Dijk Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/va/ellen-van-dijk-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418112619/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/va/ellen-van-dijk-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1988]] – [[Vlad Moldoveanu]], Romanian basketball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Vlad MOLDOVEANU at the FIBA Europe Cup 2018-19 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/europecup/18-19/player/Vlad-Moldoveanu |website=FIBA.basketball |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1988]] – [[Vlad Moldoveanu]], Romanian basketball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Vlad MOLDOVEANU at the FIBA Europe Cup 2018-19 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/europecup/18-19/player/Vlad-Moldoveanu |website=FIBA.basketball |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| Line 250: | Line 251: | ||
*[[AD 55]] – [[Britannicus]], Roman son of [[Claudius]] (born 41)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vagi |first1=David |title=Coinage and History of the Roman Empire |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-97125-0 |page=133 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dIEYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT133 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[AD 55]] – [[Britannicus]], Roman son of [[Claudius]] (born 41)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vagi |first1=David |title=Coinage and History of the Roman Empire |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-97125-0 |page=133 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dIEYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT133 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* [[244]] – [[Gordian III]], Roman emperor (born 225)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mikhail |first1=Maged |title=The Legacy of Demetrius of Alexandria 189-232 CE: The Form and Function of Hagiography in Late Antique and Islamic Egypt |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-28060-6 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCwlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |language=en}}</ref> | * [[244]] – [[Gordian III]], Roman emperor (born 225)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mikhail |first1=Maged |title=The Legacy of Demetrius of Alexandria 189-232 CE: The Form and Function of Hagiography in Late Antique and Islamic Egypt |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-28060-6 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCwlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* [[641]] – [[Heraclius]], Byzantine emperor (born 575)<ref>{{cite web |title=Heraclius | * [[641]] – [[Heraclius]], Byzantine emperor (born 575)<ref>{{cite web |title=Heraclius | Byzantine emperor |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Heraclius-Byzantine-emperor |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=13 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* [[731]] – [[Pope Gregory II]] (born 669)<ref name=GregoryII>{{cite web |title=Saint Gregory II | * [[731]] – [[Pope Gregory II]] (born 669)<ref name=GregoryII>{{cite web |title=Saint Gregory II | pope |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Gregory-II |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* [[824]] – [[Pope Paschal I]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Paschal I | * [[824]] – [[Pope Paschal I]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Paschal I | pope |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Paschal-I |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1141]] – [[Hugh of Saint Victor]], German philosopher and theologian (born 1096)<ref>{{cite web |title=Hugh of Saint-Victor | *[[1141]] – [[Hugh of Saint Victor]], German philosopher and theologian (born 1096)<ref>{{cite web |title=Hugh of Saint-Victor | French theologian |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hugh-of-Saint-Victor |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1503]] – [[Elizabeth of York]] (born 1466)<ref name=Elizabeth /> | *[[1503]] – [[Elizabeth of York]] (born 1466)<ref name=Elizabeth /> | ||
===1601–1900=== | ===1601–1900=== | ||
*[[1626]] – [[Pietro Cataldi]], Italian mathematician and astronomer (born 1548)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mollin |first1=Richard A. |title=An Introduction to Cryptography |date=2000 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-58488-127-8 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsxSygPO_fwC&pg=PA21 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1626]] – [[Pietro Cataldi]], Italian mathematician and astronomer (born 1548)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mollin |first1=Richard A. |title=An Introduction to Cryptography |date=2000 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-58488-127-8 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsxSygPO_fwC&pg=PA21 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1650]] – [[René Descartes]], French mathematician and philosopher (born 1596)<ref>{{cite web |title=Rene Descartes | *[[1650]] – [[René Descartes]], French mathematician and philosopher (born 1596)<ref>{{cite web |title=Rene Descartes | Biography, Philosophy, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rene-Descartes |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1755]] – [[Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei]], Italian archaeologist, playwright, and critic (born 1675)<ref>{{cite web |title=Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei | *[[1755]] – [[Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei]], Italian archaeologist, playwright, and critic (born 1675)<ref>{{cite web |title=Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei | Italian dramatist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francesco-Scipione-marchese-di-Maffei |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1763]] – [[William Shenstone]], English poet and gardener (born 1714)<ref>{{cite web |title=William Shenstone | *[[1763]] – [[William Shenstone]], English poet and gardener (born 1714)<ref>{{cite web |title=William Shenstone | English connoisseur |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Shenstone |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1768]] – [[George Dance the Elder]], English architect, designed [[St Leonard's, Shoreditch|St Leonard's]] and [[St Botolph's Aldgate]] (born 1695)<ref>{{Cite web |title=George Dance the Elder, St. Botolph, Aldgate, London, c.1740s: (1-9) Plans, elevations, sections & detail of ceiling |url=https://collections.soane.org/THES79605 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=collections.soane.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=George Dance | *[[1768]] – [[George Dance the Elder]], English architect, designed [[St Leonard's, Shoreditch|St Leonard's]] and [[St Botolph's Aldgate]] (born 1695)<ref>{{Cite web |title=George Dance the Elder, St. Botolph, Aldgate, London, c.1740s: (1-9) Plans, elevations, sections & detail of ceiling |url=https://collections.soane.org/THES79605 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=collections.soane.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=George Dance | Artist | Royal Academy of Arts |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/george-dance-ra |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=www.royalacademy.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardens (en) |first=Parks and |title=George Dance The Elder |url=https://www.parksandgardens.org/people/george-dance-the-elder |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Parks & Gardens |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1795]] – [[Carl Michael Bellman]], Swedish poet and composer (born 1740)<ref>{{cite web |title=Carl Michael Bellman | *[[1795]] – [[Carl Michael Bellman]], Swedish poet and composer (born 1740)<ref>{{cite web |title=Carl Michael Bellman | Swedish poet and musician |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carl-Michael-Bellman |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1811]] – [[Juan Sánchez Ramírez]], leader of the troops that fought against the French rule of Santo Domingo's colony between 1808 and 1809 (born 1762)<ref name="DBERam">{{cite news|url=http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/6438/juan-sanchez-ramirez|title=Juan Sánchez Ramírez|publisher= [[Real Academia de la Historia]]|access-date= November 22, 2020 <!-- at 10:00 --> }}</ref> | *[[1811]] – [[Juan Sánchez Ramírez]], leader of the troops that fought against the French rule of Santo Domingo's colony between 1808 and 1809 (born 1762)<ref name="DBERam">{{cite news|url=http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/6438/juan-sanchez-ramirez|title=Juan Sánchez Ramírez|publisher= [[Real Academia de la Historia]]|access-date= November 22, 2020 <!-- at 10:00 --> }}</ref> | ||
*[[1829]] – [[Alexander Griboyedov]], Russian poet, playwright, and composer (born 1795)<ref>{{cite web |title=Aleksandr Sergeyevich Griboyedov | *[[1829]] – [[Alexander Griboyedov]], Russian poet, playwright, and composer (born 1795)<ref>{{cite web |title=Aleksandr Sergeyevich Griboyedov | Russian dramatist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aleksandr-Sergeyevich-Griboyedov |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1854]] – [[Magdalene Osenbroch]], Norwegian actress (born 1830)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jensson|first1=Liv |title=Biografisk skuespillerleksikon : norske, danske og svenske skuespillere på norske scener særlig på 1800-tallet|date=1981|publisher=Universitetsforl|isbn=8200056228 |page=128|url=https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013042906062?page=129|language=no}}</ref> | |||
*[[1862]] – [[Elizabeth Siddal]], English poet and artist's model (born 1829)<ref>{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal 1829-1862 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/elizabeth-eleanor-siddal-494 |website=Tate |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | *[[1862]] – [[Elizabeth Siddal]], English poet and artist's model (born 1829)<ref>{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal 1829-1862 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/elizabeth-eleanor-siddal-494 |website=Tate |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1868]] – [[Léon Foucault]], French physicist and academic (born 1819)<ref>{{cite web |title=Léon Foucault | *[[1868]] – [[Léon Foucault]], French physicist and academic (born 1819)<ref>{{cite web |title=Léon Foucault | French physicist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leon-Foucault |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1898]] – [[Félix María Zuloaga]], Mexican general and unconstitutional interim president (born 1813)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://calderon.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/felix-maria-zuloaga/|title=FÉLIX MARÍA ZULOAGA|publisher=Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico|access-date=May 28, 2019|language=es|archive-date=May 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528051501/http://calderon.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/felix-maria-zuloaga/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | *[[1898]] – [[Félix María Zuloaga]], Mexican general and unconstitutional interim president (born 1813)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://calderon.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/felix-maria-zuloaga/|title=FÉLIX MARÍA ZULOAGA|publisher=Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico|access-date=May 28, 2019|language=es|archive-date=May 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528051501/http://calderon.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/felix-maria-zuloaga/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
===1901–present=== | ===1901–present=== | ||
*[[1901]] – [[Milan I of Serbia]] (born 1855)<ref>{{cite web |title=Milan IV (or II) | *[[1901]] – [[Milan I of Serbia]] (born 1855)<ref>{{cite web |title=Milan IV (or II) | king of Serbia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Milan-IV |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1917]] – [[Oswaldo Cruz]], Brazilian physician and epidemiologist (born 1872)<ref>{{cite book |title=United States Naval Medical Bulletin |date=1917 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=525 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kCYgAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA525 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1917]] – [[Oswaldo Cruz]], Brazilian physician and epidemiologist (born 1872)<ref>{{cite book |title=United States Naval Medical Bulletin |date=1917 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=525 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kCYgAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA525 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1918]] – [[Alexey Kaledin]], Russian general (born 1861)<ref>{{cite web |title=Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin | *[[1918]] – [[Alexey Kaledin]], Russian general (born 1861)<ref>{{cite web |title=Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin | Russian military officer |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aleksey-Maksimovich-Kaledin |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1931]] – [[Charles Algernon Parsons]], English-Irish engineer, invented the [[steam turbine]] (born 1854)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sir Charles Algernon Parsons | *[[1931]] – [[Charles Algernon Parsons]], English-Irish engineer, invented the [[steam turbine]] (born 1854)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sir Charles Algernon Parsons | British engineer |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Algernon-Parsons |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1938]] – [[Kalle Korhonen]], Finnish politician (born 1878)<ref>{{cite web |title=Kansanedustajat: Kalle Korhonen |url=https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/kansanedustajat/Sivut/910788.aspx |publisher=[[Parliament of Finland]] |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318010448/https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/kansanedustajat/Sivut/910788.aspx |archive-date=18 March 2019 |location=Helsinki, Finland |language=fi}}</ref> | *[[1938]] – [[Kalle Korhonen]], Finnish politician (born 1878)<ref>{{cite web |title=Kansanedustajat: Kalle Korhonen |url=https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/kansanedustajat/Sivut/910788.aspx |publisher=[[Parliament of Finland]] |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318010448/https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/kansanedustajat/Sivut/910788.aspx |archive-date=18 March 2019 |location=Helsinki, Finland |language=fi}}</ref> | ||
*[[1940]] – [[John Buchan]], Scottish-Canadian historian and politician, [[Governor General of Canada]] (born 1875)<ref>{{cite web |title=John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland |url=https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/b/johnbuchan.html |website=www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | *[[1940]] – [[John Buchan]], Scottish-Canadian historian and politician, [[Governor General of Canada]] (born 1875)<ref>{{cite web |title=John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland |url=https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/b/johnbuchan.html |website=www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
| Line 281: | Line 283: | ||
*[[1948]] – [[Sergei Eisenstein]], Russian director and screenwriter (born 1898)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sergei M. Eisenstein |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba14adda2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204153015/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba14adda2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 4, 2016 |website=BFI |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1948]] – [[Sergei Eisenstein]], Russian director and screenwriter (born 1898)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sergei M. Eisenstein |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba14adda2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204153015/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba14adda2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 4, 2016 |website=BFI |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1949]] – [[Axel Munthe]], Swedish doctor (born 1857)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chatwin |first1=Bruce |author-link=Bruce Chatwin |title=Anatomy of Restlessness: Selected Writings 1969–1989 |date=August 1, 1997 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=110150319X |section=Among the Ruins |url=https://archive.org/details/anatomyofrestles00bruc|url-access=registration }}</ref> | *[[1949]] – [[Axel Munthe]], Swedish doctor (born 1857)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chatwin |first1=Bruce |author-link=Bruce Chatwin |title=Anatomy of Restlessness: Selected Writings 1969–1989 |date=August 1, 1997 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=110150319X |section=Among the Ruins |url=https://archive.org/details/anatomyofrestles00bruc|url-access=registration }}</ref> | ||
*[[1958]] – [[Ernest Jones]], Welsh neurologist and psychoanalyst (born 1879)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ernest Jones | *[[1958]] – [[Ernest Jones]], Welsh neurologist and psychoanalyst (born 1879)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ernest Jones | RCP Museum |url=https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/ernest-jones |website=history.rcplondon.ac.uk |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1963]] – [[John Olof Dahlgren]], Swedish-American soldier, [[Medal of Honor]] recipient (born 1872)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Willbanks |first1=James H. |title=America's Heroes: Medal of Honor Recipients from the Civil War to Afghanistan |date=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-393-4 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1j4d53cZWO4C&pg=PA65 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1963]] – [[John Olof Dahlgren]], Swedish-American soldier, [[Medal of Honor]] recipient (born 1872)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Willbanks |first1=James H. |title=America's Heroes: Medal of Honor Recipients from the Civil War to Afghanistan |date=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-393-4 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1j4d53cZWO4C&pg=PA65 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1963 – [[Sylvia Plath]], American poet, novelist, and short story writer (born 1932)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sylvia Plath | * 1963 – [[Sylvia Plath]], American poet, novelist, and short story writer (born 1932)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sylvia Plath | Biography, Poems, Books, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sylvia-Plath |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1967]] – [[A. J. Muste]], Dutch-American minister and activist (born 1885)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walters |first1=Kerry |last2=Jarrell |first2=Robin |title=Blessed Peacemakers: 365 Extraordinary People Who Changed the World |date=2013 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-62189-535-0 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vhpTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1967]] – [[A. J. Muste]], Dutch-American minister and activist (born 1885)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walters |first1=Kerry |last2=Jarrell |first2=Robin |title=Blessed Peacemakers: 365 Extraordinary People Who Changed the World |date=2013 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-62189-535-0 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vhpTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1968]] – [[Howard Lindsay]], American playwright (born 1889)<ref>{{cite web |title=Lindsay and Crouse | *[[1968]] – [[Howard Lindsay]], American playwright (born 1889)<ref>{{cite web |title=Lindsay and Crouse | American dramatists |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lindsay-and-Crouse#ref632896 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1973]] – [[J. Hans D. Jensen]], German physicist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1907)<ref>{{cite web |title=J. Hans D. Jensen | *[[1973]] – [[J. Hans D. Jensen]], German physicist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1907)<ref>{{cite web |title=J. Hans D. Jensen | German physicist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-Hans-D-Jensen |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1975]] – [[Richard Ratsimandrava]], Malagasy colonel and politician, [[President of Madagascar]] (born 1931)<ref>Lentz 2014, p. 529</ref> | *[[1975]] – [[Richard Ratsimandrava]], Malagasy colonel and politician, [[President of Madagascar]] (born 1931)<ref>Lentz 2014, p. 529</ref> | ||
*[[1976]] – [[Lee J. Cobb]], American actor (born 1911)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krampert |first1=Peter |title=The Encyclopedia of the Harmonica |date=2016 |publisher=Mel Bay Publications |isbn=978-1-61911-577-4 |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YRsxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1976]] – [[Lee J. Cobb]], American actor (born 1911)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Krampert |first1=Peter |title=The Encyclopedia of the Harmonica |date=2016 |publisher=Mel Bay Publications |isbn=978-1-61911-577-4 |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YRsxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1976 – [[Alexander Lippisch]], German pilot and engineer (born 1894)<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander M. Lippisch | * 1976 – [[Alexander Lippisch]], German pilot and engineer (born 1894)<ref>{{cite web |title=Alexander M. Lippisch | German-American aerodynamicist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-M-Lippisch |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1977]] – [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], Indian lawyer and politician, 5th [[President of India]] (born 1905)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed | *[[1977]] – [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], Indian lawyer and politician, 5th [[President of India]] (born 1905)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed | president of India |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fakhruddin-Ali-Ahmed |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1977 – [[Louis Beel]], Dutch academic and politician, [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]] (born 1902)<ref>Lentz 2014, p. 578</ref> | * 1977 – [[Louis Beel]], Dutch academic and politician, [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]] (born 1902)<ref>Lentz 2014, p. 578</ref> | ||
*[[1978]] – [[James Bryant Conant]], American chemist and academic (born 1893)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Urban |first1=Wayne J. |title=Scholarly Leadership in Higher Education: An Intellectual History of James Bryan Conant |date=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-350-12928-3 |page=202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbzPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1978]] – [[James Bryant Conant]], American chemist and academic (born 1893)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Urban |first1=Wayne J. |title=Scholarly Leadership in Higher Education: An Intellectual History of James Bryan Conant |date=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-350-12928-3 |page=202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbzPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA202 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1978 – [[Harry Martinson]], Swedish novelist, essayist, and poet, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1904)<ref>{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1974/martinson/facts/ |website=NobelPrize.org |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | * 1978 – [[Harry Martinson]], Swedish novelist, essayist, and poet, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1904)<ref>{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1974/martinson/facts/ |website=NobelPrize.org |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[1982]] – [[Eleanor Powell]], American actress and dancer (born 1912)<ref>{{cite web |title=Eleanor Powell | *[[1982]] – [[Eleanor Powell]], American actress and dancer (born 1912)<ref>{{cite web |title=Eleanor Powell | American dancer and actress |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eleanor-Powell |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1985]] – [[Henry Hathaway]], American actor, director, and producer (born 1898)<ref>{{cite web |title=Henry Hathaway |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f44e221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528001813/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f44e221 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 28, 2018 |website=BFI |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1985]] – [[Henry Hathaway]], American actor, director, and producer (born 1898)<ref>{{cite web |title=Henry Hathaway |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f44e221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528001813/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f44e221 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 28, 2018 |website=BFI |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1986]] – [[Frank Herbert]], American journalist and author (born 1920)<ref>{{cite web |title=Authors : Herbert, Frank : SFE : Science Fiction Encyclopedia |url=http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/herbert_frank |website=www.sf-encyclopedia.com |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | *[[1986]] – [[Frank Herbert]], American journalist and author (born 1920)<ref>{{cite web |title=Authors : Herbert, Frank : SFE : Science Fiction Encyclopedia |url=http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/herbert_frank |website=www.sf-encyclopedia.com |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
*1986 – [[Evelio Javier]], Filipino politician (born 1942)<ref name="TNT">{{cite news|title=Evelio B. Javier: 20th year of tribute to heroism|url=http://www.thenewstoday.info/2006/02/03/evelio.b.javier.20.th.year.of.tribute.to.heroism.html|access-date=March 9, 2025|newspaper=The News Today|date=February 3, 2006}}</ref> | *1986 – [[Evelio Javier]], Filipino politician (born 1942)<ref name="TNT">{{cite news|title=Evelio B. Javier: 20th year of tribute to heroism|url=http://www.thenewstoday.info/2006/02/03/evelio.b.javier.20.th.year.of.tribute.to.heroism.html|access-date=March 9, 2025|newspaper=The News Today|date=February 3, 2006}}</ref> | ||
*[[1989]] – [[George O'Hanlon]], American actor and voice artist (born 1912)<ref>{{cite web |title=George Hanlon |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9fcd10cb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426114151/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9fcd10cb |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |website=BFI |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1989]] – [[George O'Hanlon]], American actor and voice artist (born 1912)<ref>{{cite web |title=George Hanlon |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9fcd10cb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426114151/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9fcd10cb |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |website=BFI |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1993]] – [[Robert W. Holley]], American biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1922)<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert William Holley | *[[1993]] – [[Robert W. Holley]], American biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1922)<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert William Holley | American biochemist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-William-Holley |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
*[[1994]] – [[Neil Bonnett]], American race car driver (born 1946)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freedman |first1=Lew |title=Encyclopedia of Stock Car Racing [2 volumes] |date=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-38710-4 |page=69 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbABCwhdfhAC&pg=PA69 |language=en}}</ref> | *[[1994]] – [[Neil Bonnett]], American race car driver (born 1946)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freedman |first1=Lew |title=Encyclopedia of Stock Car Racing [2 volumes] |date=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-38710-4 |page=69 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbABCwhdfhAC&pg=PA69 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 1994 – [[Sorrell Booke]], American actor and director (born 1930)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ellenberger |first1=Allan R. |title=Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory |date=2001 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5019-0 |page=106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZraJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA106 |language=en}}</ref> | * 1994 – [[Sorrell Booke]], American actor and director (born 1930)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ellenberger |first1=Allan R. |title=Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory |date=2001 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5019-0 |page=106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZraJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA106 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| Line 307: | Line 309: | ||
*[[2000]] – [[Lord Kitchener (calypsonian)|Lord Kitchner]], Trinidadian singer (born 1922)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mason |first1=Peter |title=Lord Kitchener |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/feb/12/guardianobituaries |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=12 February 2000}}</ref> | *[[2000]] – [[Lord Kitchener (calypsonian)|Lord Kitchner]], Trinidadian singer (born 1922)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mason |first1=Peter |title=Lord Kitchener |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/feb/12/guardianobituaries |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=12 February 2000}}</ref> | ||
* 2000 – [[Roger Vadim]], French director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1928)<ref>{{cite web |title=Roger Vadim dies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/feb/11/news3 |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=11 February 2000}}</ref> | * 2000 – [[Roger Vadim]], French director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1928)<ref>{{cite web |title=Roger Vadim dies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/feb/11/news3 |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=11 February 2000}}</ref> | ||
*[[2002]] – [[Frankie Crosetti]], American baseball player and coach (born 1910)<ref>{{cite web |title=Frankie Crosetti | *[[2002]] – [[Frankie Crosetti]], American baseball player and coach (born 1910)<ref>{{cite web |title=Frankie Crosetti | Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/460d26a7 |website=sabr.org |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
* 2002 – [[Barry Foster (actor)|Barry Foster]], English actor (born 1931)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Purser |first1=Philip |title=Obituary: Barry Foster |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/feb/12/guardianobituaries |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=12 February 2002}}</ref> | * 2002 – [[Barry Foster (actor)|Barry Foster]], English actor (born 1931)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Purser |first1=Philip |title=Obituary: Barry Foster |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/feb/12/guardianobituaries |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=12 February 2002}}</ref> | ||
* [[2004]] – [[Tony Pope]], American voice actor (born 1947)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-02-22 |title=Anthony J. "Tony" Pope |url=https://www.news-herald.com/2004/02/22/anthony-j-tony-pope/ |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=News-Herald |language=en-US}}</ref> | * [[2004]] – [[Tony Pope]], American voice actor (born 1947)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-02-22 |title=Anthony J. "Tony" Pope |url=https://www.news-herald.com/2004/02/22/anthony-j-tony-pope/ |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=News-Herald |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
| Line 315: | Line 317: | ||
* 2006 – [[Ken Fletcher]], Australian tennis player (born 1940)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grasso |first1=John |title=Historical Dictionary of Tennis |date=2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7237-0 |page=103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W39oSS7c2xAC&pg=PA103 |language=en}}</ref> | * 2006 – [[Ken Fletcher]], Australian tennis player (born 1940)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grasso |first1=John |title=Historical Dictionary of Tennis |date=2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7237-0 |page=103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W39oSS7c2xAC&pg=PA103 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 2006 – [[Jackie Pallo]], English wrestler and actor (born 1926)<ref>{{cite web |title=Jackie Pallo |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jackie-pallo-6108960.html |website=The Independent |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en |date=16 February 2006}}</ref> | * 2006 – [[Jackie Pallo]], English wrestler and actor (born 1926)<ref>{{cite web |title=Jackie Pallo |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jackie-pallo-6108960.html |website=The Independent |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en |date=16 February 2006}}</ref> | ||
* 2006 – [[Matilda (chicken)|Matilda]], American [[chicken]] and [[stage magician]], oldest known chicken (h. 1990)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wsfa.com/Global/story.asp?S=4501185&nav=0RdE | author=News Staff | title=Famous Bessemer Chicken Dies at 16 | publisher=WSFA 12 News | date=February 14, 2006 | accessdate=2008-07-15}}</ref> | * 2006 – [[Matilda (chicken)|Matilda]], American [[chicken]] and [[stage magician]], oldest known chicken (h. 1990)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wsfa.com/Global/story.asp?S=4501185&nav=0RdE | author=News Staff | title=Famous Bessemer Chicken Dies at 16 | publisher=WSFA 12 News | date=February 14, 2006 | accessdate=2008-07-15 | archive-date=2011-07-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718122339/http://www.wsfa.com/Global/story.asp?S=4501185&nav=0RdE | url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
*[[2008]] – [[Tom Lantos]], American lawyer and politician (born 1928)<ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Lantos: Politician and Holocaust survivor |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/tom-lantos-politician-and-holocaust-survivor-781509.html |website=The Independent |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en |date=13 February 2008}}</ref> | *[[2008]] – [[Tom Lantos]], American lawyer and politician (born 1928)<ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Lantos: Politician and Holocaust survivor |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/tom-lantos-politician-and-holocaust-survivor-781509.html |website=The Independent |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en |date=13 February 2008}}</ref> | ||
* 2008 – [[Frank Piasecki]], American engineer (born 1919)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Turnill |first1=Reginald |title=Obituary: Frank Piasecki |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/mar/12/military |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=12 March 2008}}</ref> | * 2008 – [[Frank Piasecki]], American engineer (born 1919)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Turnill |first1=Reginald |title=Obituary: Frank Piasecki |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/mar/12/military |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=12 March 2008}}</ref> | ||
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*[[2010]] – [[Heward Grafftey]], Canadian businessman and politician (born 1928)<ref>{{cite news |title=Heward Grafftey, 'bad boy of Montreal's blue bloods,' passes away |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/heward-grafftey-bad-boy-of-montreals-blue-bloods-passes-away/article1208572/ |website=The Globe and Mail |date=11 February 2010 |access-date=3 April 2020|last1=Hustak |first1=Alan }}</ref> | *[[2010]] – [[Heward Grafftey]], Canadian businessman and politician (born 1928)<ref>{{cite news |title=Heward Grafftey, 'bad boy of Montreal's blue bloods,' passes away |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/heward-grafftey-bad-boy-of-montreals-blue-bloods-passes-away/article1208572/ |website=The Globe and Mail |date=11 February 2010 |access-date=3 April 2020|last1=Hustak |first1=Alan }}</ref> | ||
* 2010 – [[Alexander McQueen]], English fashion designer, founder of [[Alexander McQueen (brand)|his eponymous brand]] (born 1969)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fox |first1=Imogen |title=Alexander McQueen obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/feb/11/alexander-mcqueen-obituary |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=11 February 2010}}</ref> | * 2010 – [[Alexander McQueen]], English fashion designer, founder of [[Alexander McQueen (brand)|his eponymous brand]] (born 1969)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fox |first1=Imogen |title=Alexander McQueen obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/feb/11/alexander-mcqueen-obituary |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=11 February 2010}}</ref> | ||
*[[2011]] – [[Chuck Tanner]], American baseball player and manager (born 1928)<ref>{{cite web |title=Chuck Tanner | *[[2011]] – [[Chuck Tanner]], American baseball player and manager (born 1928)<ref>{{cite web |title=Chuck Tanner | Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/1f2f5875 |website=sabr.org |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
*[[2012]] – [[Siri Bjerke]], Norwegian politician, [[Minister of the Environment (Norway)|Norwegian Minister of the Environment]] (born 1958)<ref>{{cite web |title=Biografi: Bjerke, Siri |url=https://www.stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Representant/?perid=SIB |website=Stortinget |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=no |date=9 March 2008}}</ref> | *[[2012]] – [[Siri Bjerke]], Norwegian politician, [[Minister of the Environment (Norway)|Norwegian Minister of the Environment]] (born 1958)<ref>{{cite web |title=Biografi: Bjerke, Siri |url=https://www.stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Representant/?perid=SIB |website=Stortinget |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=no |date=9 March 2008}}</ref> | ||
* 2012 – [[Aharon Davidi]], Israeli general (born 1927)<ref>{{cite web |title=Aharon Davidi, retired Israeli general, dies at 84 |url=https://www.jta.org/2012/02/22/lifestyle/aharon-davidi-retired-israeli-general-dies-at-84 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=23 February 2012}}</ref> | * 2012 – [[Aharon Davidi]], Israeli general (born 1927)<ref>{{cite web |title=Aharon Davidi, retired Israeli general, dies at 84 |url=https://www.jta.org/2012/02/22/lifestyle/aharon-davidi-retired-israeli-general-dies-at-84 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |access-date=3 April 2020 |date=23 February 2012}}</ref> | ||
* 2012 – [[Whitney Houston]], American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (born 1963)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sullivan |first1=Caroline |title=Whitney Houston obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/feb/12/whitney-houston-obituary |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=12 February 2012}}</ref> | * 2012 – [[Whitney Houston]], American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (born 1963)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sullivan |first1=Caroline |title=Whitney Houston obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/feb/12/whitney-houston-obituary |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=12 February 2012}}</ref> | ||
*[[2013]] – [[Rick Huxley]], English bass player (born 1940)<ref>{{cite web |title=Rick Huxley: Bassist with the Dave Clark Five |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/rick-huxley-bassist-with-the-dave-clark-five-8493861.html |website=The Independent |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en |date=13 February 2013}}</ref> | *[[2013]] – [[Rick Huxley]], English bass player (born 1940)<ref>{{cite web |title=Rick Huxley: Bassist with the Dave Clark Five |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/rick-huxley-bassist-with-the-dave-clark-five-8493861.html |website=The Independent |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en |date=13 February 2013}}</ref> | ||
*[[2014]] – [[Alice Babs]], Swedish singer and actress (born 1924)<ref>{{cite web |title=Alice Babs | *[[2014]] – [[Alice Babs]], Swedish singer and actress (born 1924)<ref>{{cite web |title=Alice Babs | Discover music on NTS |url=https://www.nts.live/artists/3832-alice-babs |website=NTS Radio |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 2014 – [[Tito Canepa]], Dominican-American painter (born 1916)<ref>{{cite web |title=Tito Canepa | * 2014 – [[Tito Canepa]], Dominican-American painter (born 1916)<ref>{{cite web |title=Tito Canepa | Smithsonian American Art Museum |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/tito-canepa-31403 |website=americanart.si.edu |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Obituaries | CAA |url=http://www.collegeart.org/news/category/obituaries/page/2/ |website=College Art Association |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* 2014 – [[Fernando González Pacheco]], Colombian journalist and actor (born 1932)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fernando González Pacheco Dies |url=https://www.latintimes.com/fernando-gonzalez-pacheco-colombian-radio-presenter-dies-81-151604 |website=Latin Times |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en |date=11 February 2014}}</ref> | * 2014 – [[Fernando González Pacheco]], Colombian journalist and actor (born 1932)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fernando González Pacheco Dies |url=https://www.latintimes.com/fernando-gonzalez-pacheco-colombian-radio-presenter-dies-81-151604 |website=Latin Times |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=en |date=11 February 2014}}</ref> | ||
*[[2015]] – [[Roger Hanin]], French actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1925)<ref>{{cite web |title=Roger Hanin - BFI Filmography |url=https://filmography.bfi.org.uk/person/233777 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530162816/https://filmography.bfi.org.uk/person/233777 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 30, 2020 |website=filmography.bfi.org.uk |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | *[[2015]] – [[Roger Hanin]], French actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1925)<ref>{{cite web |title=Roger Hanin - BFI Filmography |url=https://filmography.bfi.org.uk/person/233777 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530162816/https://filmography.bfi.org.uk/person/233777 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 30, 2020 |website=filmography.bfi.org.uk |access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
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==Holidays and observances== | ==Holidays and observances== | ||
* Christian [[Calendar of saints|feast day]]: | * Christian [[Calendar of saints|feast day]]: | ||
** [[Saint Blaise|Blaise]] Eastern Orthodox liturgics<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Blaise | ** [[Saint Blaise|Blaise]] Eastern Orthodox liturgics<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Blaise | Biography, Traditions, Facts, & Feast Day |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Blaise |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
** [[Cædmon]], first recorded Christian poet in England, {{circa|680 CE}} ([[Anglicanism]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Cædmon (fl. c. 670), poet |year= 2004 |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-4321 |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/4321|last1= Stanley |first1= E. G. }}</ref> | ** [[Cædmon]], first recorded Christian poet in England, {{circa|680 CE}} ([[Anglicanism]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Cædmon (fl. c. 670), poet |year= 2004 |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-4321 |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/4321|last1= Stanley |first1= E. G. }}</ref> | ||
** [[Gobnait]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Watch: Doing the rounds at St Gobnait's well in Kerry |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/munster/2019/0211/1028984-st-gobnait-well/ |website=www.rte.ie |access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref> | ** [[Gobnait]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tsíthigh |first1=Seán Mac an |title=Watch: Doing the rounds at St Gobnait's well in Kerry |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/munster/2019/0211/1028984-st-gobnait-well/ |website=www.rte.ie |date=11 February 2019 |access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
** [[Pope Gregory II|Gregory II]]<ref name=GregoryII /> | ** [[Pope Gregory II|Gregory II]]<ref name=GregoryII /> | ||
** [[Lazarus (bishop of Milan)|Lazarus of Milan]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Drake |first1=Maurice |last2=Drake |first2=Wilfred |title=Saints and their emblems |date=1916 |publisher=Dalcassian Publishing Company |page=74 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwHMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74 |language=en}}</ref> | ** [[Lazarus (bishop of Milan)|Lazarus of Milan]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Drake |first1=Maurice |last2=Drake |first2=Wilfred |title=Saints and their emblems |date=1916 |publisher=Dalcassian Publishing Company |page=74 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwHMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| Line 357: | Line 359: | ||
* [[European 112 Day]] ([[European Union]])<ref>{{cite web |title=112 Day: Celebrating the EU's Single Emergency Number |url=https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/112-day-celebrating-eus-single-emergency-number |website=Digital Single Market - European Commission |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en |date=11 February 2019}}</ref> | * [[European 112 Day]] ([[European Union]])<ref>{{cite web |title=112 Day: Celebrating the EU's Single Emergency Number |url=https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/112-day-celebrating-eus-single-emergency-number |website=Digital Single Market - European Commission |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en |date=11 February 2019}}</ref> | ||
* [[Armed Forces Day (Liberia)]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mehler |first1=Andreas |last2=Melber |first2=Henning |last3=Walraven |first3=Klaas van |title=Africa Yearbook Volume 10: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2013 |date=2014 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-28264-3 |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aovPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104 |language=en}}</ref> | * [[Armed Forces Day (Liberia)]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mehler |first1=Andreas |last2=Melber |first2=Henning |last3=Walraven |first3=Klaas van |title=Africa Yearbook Volume 10: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2013 |date=2014 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-28264-3 |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aovPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
* [[Evelio Javier Day]] ([[Panay]] Island, the [[Philippines]])<ref>{{cite web |title=PRC Iloilo observes Governor Evelio B. Javier Day | * [[Evelio Javier Day]] ([[Panay]] Island, the [[Philippines]])<ref>{{cite web |title=PRC Iloilo observes Governor Evelio B. Javier Day | Professional Regulation Commission |url=https://www.prc.gov.ph/article/prc-iloilo-observes-governor-evelio-b-javier-day/2625 |website=www.prc.gov.ph |access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
* Feast day of [[Our Lady of Lourdes]] ([[Catholic Church]]), and its related observance<ref name=Trawicky /> | * Feast day of [[Our Lady of Lourdes]] ([[Catholic Church]]), and its related observance<ref name=Trawicky /> | ||
** [[World Day of the Sick]] ([[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]])<ref>{{cite web |title=World Day of the Sick |url=https://www.nacc.org/resources/spirituality-and-prayer-resources/world-day-of-the-sick/ |website=The National Association of Catholic Chaplains |access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref> | ** [[World Day of the Sick]] ([[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]])<ref>{{cite web |title=World Day of the Sick |url=https://www.nacc.org/resources/spirituality-and-prayer-resources/world-day-of-the-sick/ |website=The National Association of Catholic Chaplains |access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
| Line 363: | Line 365: | ||
* [[National Foundation Day (Japan)|National Foundation Day]] ([[Japan]])<ref name=Trawicky /> | * [[National Foundation Day (Japan)|National Foundation Day]] ([[Japan]])<ref name=Trawicky /> | ||
* [[Youth Day (Cameroon)]]<ref name=Trawicky /> | * [[Youth Day (Cameroon)]]<ref name=Trawicky /> | ||
* [[International Day of Women and Girls in Science]] ([[UN Women]])<ref>{{cite web |title=International Day of Women and Girls in Science | * [[International Day of Women and Girls in Science]] ([[UN Women]])<ref>{{cite web |title=International Day of Women and Girls in Science | United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/women-and-girls-in-science-day |website=www.un.org |access-date=11 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Footnotes== | ==Footnotes== | ||
| Line 377: | Line 379: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{commons}} | {{commons}} | ||
* [ | * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/11/ BBC: On This Day] | ||
* {{NYT On this day|month=2|day=11}} | * {{NYT On this day|month=2|day=11}} | ||
* [https://www.onthisday.com/events/february/11 Historical Events on February 11] | * [https://www.onthisday.com/events/february/11 Historical Events on February 11] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:59, 7 November 2025
Template:Pp-move Template:Pp-pc Template:Calendar/table
<templatestyles src="This date in recent years/styles.css"/>
Template:This date in recent years/validateEvents
Pre-1600
- 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.[1]
- 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his coming of age clears the way for Nero to become Emperor.[2]
- 951 – Guo Wei, a court official, leads a military coup and declares himself emperor of the new Later Zhou.[3]
- 1144 – Robert of Chester completes his translation from Arabic to Latin of the Liber de compositione alchemiae, marking the birth of Western alchemy.[4]
- 1534 – At the Convocation of Canterbury, the Catholic bishops comprising the Upper House of the Province of Canterbury agree to style Henry VIII supreme head of the English church and clergy "so far as the law of Christ allows".[5]
- 1584 – A naval expedition led by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa founds Nombre de Jesús, the first of two short-lived Spanish settlements in the Strait of Magellan.[6]
- 1586 – Sir Francis Drake with an English force captures and occupies the Spanish colonial port of Cartagena de Indias for two months, obtaining a ransom and booty.[7]
1601–1900
- 1659 – The assault on Copenhagen by Swedish forces is beaten back with heavy losses.[8]
- 1794 – First session of United States Senate opens to the public.[9]
- 1808 – Jesse Fell burns anthracite on an open grate as an experiment in heating homes with coal.[10]
- 1812 – Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry is accused of "gerrymandering" for the first time.[11]
- 1823 – Carnival tragedy of 1823: About 110 boys are killed during a human crush at the Convent of the Minori Osservanti in Valletta, Malta.[12]
- 1826 – University College London is founded as University of London.[13]
- 1840 – Gaetano Donizetti's opera La fille du régiment receives its first performance in Paris, France.[14]
- 1843 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi alla prima crociata receives its first performance in Milan, Italy.[15]
- 1855 – Kassa Hailu is crowned Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia.[16]
- 1856 – The Kingdom of Awadh is annexed by the British East India Company and Wajid Ali Shah, the king of Awadh, is deposed.[17]
- 1858 – Bernadette Soubirous's first vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary occurs in Lourdes, France.[18]
- 1861 – American Civil War: The United States House of Representatives unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state.[19]
- 1873 – King Amadeo I of Spain abdicates, triggering the proclamation of the First Spanish Republic.[20][21]
- 1889 – The Meiji Constitution of Japan is adopted.[22]
1901–present
- 1903 – Anton Bruckner's 9th Symphony receives its first performance in Vienna, Austria.[23]
- 1906 – Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer Nos.[24]
- 1919 – Friedrich Ebert (SPD), is elected President of Germany.[25]
- 1929 – The Kingdom of Italy and the Vatican sign the Lateran Treaty.[26]
- 1933 – LAPD Red Squad raid on John Reed Club art show in the U.S. results in the destruction of a dozen political artworks.[27]
- 1937 – The Flint sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Auto Workers trade union.[28]
- 1938 – BBC Television produces the world's first ever science fiction television programme, an adaptation of a section of the Karel Čapek play R.U.R., that coined the term "robot".[29]
- 1942 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Bukit Timah is fought in Singapore.[30]
- 1946 – The New Testament of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, the first significant challenge to the Authorized King James Version, is published.[31][32][33][34]
- 1953 – Cold War: U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower denies all appeals for clemency for Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.[35]
- 1953 – Israeli-Soviet relations are severed.[36]
- 1959 – The Federation of Arab Emirates of the South is created as a protectorate of the United Kingdom.[37]
- 1963 — The Beatles recorded their first album Please Please Me[38]
- 1970 – Japan launches Ohsumi, becoming the fourth nation to put an object into orbit using its own booster.[39]
- 1971 – Cold War: the Seabed Arms Control Treaty opened for signature outlawing nuclear weapons on the ocean floor in international waters.[40]
- 1978 – Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314 crashes at the Cranbrook/Canadian Rockies International Airport in Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada with 42 deaths and seven survivors.[41]
- 1979 – The Iranian Revolution establishes an Islamic theocracy under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.[42]
- 1990 – Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison outside Cape Town, South Africa after 27 years as a political prisoner.[43]
- 1990 – Buster Douglas, a 42:1 underdog, knocks out Mike Tyson in ten rounds at Tokyo to win boxing's world Heavyweight title.[44]
- 1997 – Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on a mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope.[45]
- 1999 – Pluto crosses Neptune's orbit, ending a nearly 20-year period when it was closer to the Sun than the gas giant; Pluto is not expected to interact with Neptune's orbit again until 2231.[46]
- 2000 – Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on STS-99 to conduct the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission.[47]
- 2001 – A Dutch programmer launched the Anna Kournikova virus infecting millions of emails via a trick photo of the tennis star.[48]
- 2008 – Rebel East Timorese soldiers seriously wound President José Ramos-Horta. Rebel leader Alfredo Reinado is killed in the attack.[49]
- 2011 – Arab Spring: The first wave of the Egyptian revolution culminates in the resignation of Hosni Mubarak and the transfer of power to the Supreme Military Council after 17 days of protests.[50]
- 2013 – The Vatican confirmed that Pope Benedict XVI would resign the papacy as a result of his advanced age.[51]
- 2013 – Militants claiming to be from the Sultanate of Sulu invade Lahad Datu District, Sabah, Malaysia, beginning the Lahad Datu standoff.[52]
- 2014 – A military transport plane crashes in a mountainous area of Oum El Bouaghi Province in eastern Algeria, killing 77 people.[53]
- 2015 – A university student was murdered as she resisted an attempted rape in Turkey, sparking nationwide protests and public outcry against harassment and violence against women.[54]
- 2016 – A man shoots seven people dead at an education center in Jizan Province, Saudi Arabia.[55]
- 2017 – North Korea test fires a ballistic missile across the Sea of Japan.[56]
- 2018 – Saratov Airlines Flight 703 crashes near Moscow, Russia with 71 deaths and no survivors.[57]
- 2020 – COVID-19 pandemic: The World Health Organization officially names the coronavirus outbreak as COVID-19, with the virus being designated SARS-CoV-2.[58]
- 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election: Alexander Stubb is elected as the 13th president of Finland.[59]
Births
Pre-1600
- 1380 – Poggio Bracciolini, Italian scholar and translator (died 1459)[60]
- 1466 – Elizabeth of York (died 1503)[61]
- 1535 – Pope Gregory XIV (died 1591)[62]
- 1568 – Honoré d'Urfé, French author and playwright (died 1625)[63]
1601–1900
- 1624 – Ivan Ančić, Croatian Franciscan and religious writer (died 1685)[64]
- 1649 – William Carstares, Scottish minister and academic (died 1715)[65]
- 1657 – Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, French poet and playwright (died 1757)[66]
- 1708 – Egidio Duni, Italian composer (died 1775)[67]
- 1764 – Marie-Joseph Chénier, French poet and playwright (died 1811)[68]
- 1776 – Ioannis Kapodistrias, Greek politician, 1st Governor of Greece (died 1831)[69]
- 1800 – Henry Fox Talbot, English photographer and politician, invented the calotype (died 1877)[70]
- 1802 – Lydia Maria Child, American journalist, author, and activist (died 1880)[71]
- 1805 – Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, Native American-French Canadian explorer (died 1866)[72]
- 1812 – Alexander H. Stephens, American lawyer and politician, Vice President of the Confederate States of America (died 1883)[73]
- 1813 – Otto Ludwig, German author, playwright, and critic (died 1865)[74]
- 1821 – Auguste Mariette, French archaeologist and scholar (died 1881)[75]
- 1830 – Hans Bronsart von Schellendorff, Prussian pianist and composer (died 1913)[76]
- 1833 – Melville Fuller, American lawyer and jurist, 8th Chief Justice of the United States (died 1910)[77]
- 1839 – Josiah Willard Gibbs, American physicist (died 1903)[78]
- 1845 – Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, Ottoman soldier and politician, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (died 1936)[79]
- 1847 – Thomas Edison, American engineer and businessman, developed the light bulb and phonograph (died 1931)[80]
- 1855 – Ellen Day Hale, American painter and author (died 1940)[81]
- 1860 – Rachilde, French author and playwright (died 1953)[82]
- 1863 – John F. Fitzgerald, American politician; Mayor of Boston (died 1950)[83]
- 1864 – Louis Bouveault, French chemist (died 1909)[84]
- 1869 – Helene Kröller-Müller, German-Dutch art collector and philanthropist, founded the Kröller-Müller Museum (died 1939)[85][86]
- 1869 – Else Lasker-Schüler, German poet and author (died 1945)[87]
- 1874 – Elsa Beskow, Swedish author and illustrator (died 1953)[88]
- 1877 – Aasa Helgesen, Norwegian midwife (died 1968)[89]
- 1881 – Carlo Carrà, Italian painter (died 1966)[90]
- 1888 – John Warren Davis, American educator, college administrator, and civil rights leader (died 1980)[91][92]
- 1897 – Emil Leon Post, Polish-American mathematician and logician (died 1954)[93]
- 1898 – Leo Szilard, Hungarian-American physicist and academic (died 1964)[94]
- 1900 – Ellen Broe, Danish nurse, pioneer in nursing education (died 1994)[95]
- 1900 – Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher and scholar (died 2002)[96]
- 1900 – Jōsei Toda, Japanese educator and activist (died 1958)[97]
1901–present
- 1902 – Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect, designed Radisson Blu Royal Hotel (died 1971)[98]
- 1904 – Keith Holyoake, New Zealand farmer and politician, 26th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1983)[99]
- 1904 – Lucile Randon, French supercentenarian[100] (died 2023)
- 1908 – Philip Dunne, American screenwriter (died 1992)[101]
- 1908 – Vivian Fuchs, English explorer (died 1999)[102]
- 1909 – Max Baer, American boxer and actor (died 1959)[103]
- 1909 – Joseph L. Mankiewicz, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1993)[104]
- 1912 – Rudolf Firkušný, Czech-American pianist and educator (died 1994)[105]
- 1914 – Matt Dennis, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 2002)[106]
- 1914 – Josh White, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1969)[107]
- 1915 – Patrick Leigh Fermor, English soldier, author, and scholar (died 2011)[108]
- 1915 – Richard Hamming, American mathematician and academic (died 1998)[109]
- 1917 – Sidney Sheldon, American author and screenwriter (died 2007)[110]
- 1919 – Eva Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (died 1995)[111]
- 1920 – Farouk of Egypt (died 1965)[112]
- 1920 – Daniel F. Galouye, American author (died 1976)[113]
- 1920 – Billy Halop, American actor (died 1976)[114]
- 1920 – Daniel James, Jr., American general and pilot (died 1978)[115]
- 1921 – Lloyd Bentsen, American politician, 69th United States Secretary of the Treasury (died 2006)[116]
- 1921 – Ottavio Missoni, Italian hurdler and fashion designer, founded Missoni (died 2013)[117]
- 1923 – Antony Flew, English philosopher and academic (died 2010)[118]
- 1924 – Budge Patty, American tennis player (died 2021)[119]
- 1925 – Virginia E. Johnson, American psychologist and academic (died 2013)[120]
- 1925 – Kim Stanley, American actress (died 2001)[121]
- 1926 – Paul Bocuse, French chef (died 2018)[122]
- 1926 – Leslie Nielsen, Canadian-American actor and producer (died 2010)[123]
- 1930 – Roy De Forest, American painter and academic (died 2007).[124]
- 1930 – Mary Quant, British fashion designer (died 2023)[125][notes 1]
- 1932 – Dennis Skinner, English miner and politician[126]
- 1934 – Mel Carnahan, American lawyer and politician, 51st Governor of Missouri (died 2000)[127]
- 1934 – Tina Louise, American actress and singer[128]
- 1934 – Manuel Noriega, Panamanian general and politician, Military leader of Panama (died 2017)[129]
- 1934 – David Taylor, English veterinarian and television host (died 2013)[130]
- 1935 – Gene Vincent, American singer and guitarist (died 1971)[131]
- 1936 – Burt Reynolds, American actor and director (died 2018)[132]
- 1937 – Ian Gow, British politician (died 1990)[133]
- 1937 – Bill Lawry, Australian cricketer and sportscaster[134]
- 1937 – Eddie Shack, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2020)[135]
- 1937 – Phillip Walker, American singer and guitarist (died 2010)[136]
- 1938 – Bevan Congdon, New Zealand cricketer (died 2018)[137]
- 1939 – Gerry Goffin, American songwriter (died 2014)[138]
- 1940 – Calvin Fowler, American basketball player (died 2013)[139]
- 1941 – Sérgio Mendes, Brazilian pianist and composer[140] (died 2024)[141]
- 1942 – Otis Clay, American singer-songwriter (died 2016)[142]
- 1943 – Joselito, Spanish singer and actor[143]
- 1943 – Alan Rubin, American trumpet player (died 2011)[144]
- 1944 – Mike Oxley, American lawyer and politician (died 2016)[145]
- 1944 – Joy Williams, American novelist, short story writer, and essayist[146]
- 1945 – Michael Scott, first CEO of Apple Inc.[147]
- 1946 – Ian Porterfield, Scottish footballer and manager (died 2007)[148]
- 1947 – Yukio Hatoyama, Japanese engineer and politician and Prime Minister of Japan[149]
- 1947 – Derek Shulman, Scottish singer-songwriter and producer[150]
- 1949 – James Silas, American basketball player[151]
- 1951 – Mike Leavitt, American politician, 14th Governor of Utah[152]
- 1953 – Philip Anglim, American actor[153]
- 1953 – Jeb Bush, American banker and politician, 43rd Governor of Florida[154]
- 1953 – Tom Veryzer, American baseball player (died 2014)[155]
- 1954 – Wesley Strick, American director and screenwriter[156]
- 1956 – Catherine Hickland, American actress[157]
- 1956 – Didier Lockwood, French violinist (died 2018)[158]
- 1957 – Tina Ambani, Indian actress and chairperson[159]
- 1959 – Roberto Moreno, Brazilian race car driver[160]
- 1960 – Richard Mastracchio, American engineer and astronaut[161]
- 1961 – Carey Lowell, American actress[162]
- 1962 – Tammy Baldwin, American lawyer and politician[163]
- 1962 – Sheryl Crow, American singer-songwriter and guitarist[164]
- 1964 – Sarah Palin, American politician, 9th Governor of Alaska[165]
- 1964 – Ken Shamrock, American martial artist and wrestler[166]
- 1965 – Vicki Wilson, Australian netball player[167]
- 1967 – Ciro Ferrara, Italian footballer and manager
- 1968 – Mo Willems, American author and illustrator[168]
- 1969 – Jennifer Aniston, American actress and producer[169]
- 1969 – Andreas Hilfiker, Swiss footballer[170]
- 1969 – John Salako, Nigerian-English footballer, manager, and sportscaster[171]
- 1971 – Damian Lewis, English actor[172]
- 1972 – Steve McManaman, English footballer[173]
- 1972 – Kelly Slater, American surfer[111]
- 1973 – Varg Vikernes, Norwegian guitarist and songwriter[174]
- 1974 – Nick Barmby, English footballer and manager[175]
- 1974 – D'Angelo, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer[176]
- 1974 – Alex Jones, American radio show host and conspiracy theorist[177]
- 1974 – Isaiah Mustafa, American actor and football player[111]
- 1974 – Jaroslav Špaček, Czech ice hockey player and coach[178]
- 1975 – Andy Lally, American race car driver[179]
- 1975 – Callum Thorp, Australian cricketer[180]
- 1975 – Jacque Vaughn, American basketball player and coach[181]
- 1976 – Tony Battie, American basketball player and sportscaster[182]
- 1976 – Bryce Salvador, Canadian ice hockey player[183]
- 1977 – Mike Shinoda, American musician and artist[184]
- 1979 – Brandy Norwood, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress[185]
- 1980 – Matthew Lawrence, American actor and singer[162]
- 1981 – Kelly Rowland, American singer and actress[186]
- 1982 – Daryn Colledge, American football player[187]
- 1982 – Natalie Dormer, English actress[188]
- 1982 – Ľubomíra Kalinová, Slovak biathlete[189]
- 1982 – Neil Robertson, Australian snooker player[190]
- 1983 – Rafael van der Vaart, Dutch footballer[191]
- 1984 – Maarten Heisen, Dutch sprinter[192]
- 1984 – Marco Marcato, Italian cyclist[193]
- 1984 – Aubrey O'Day, American singer and reality television personality[162]
- 1984 – Maxime Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player[194]
- 1984 – Alando Tucker, American basketball player and coach[195]
- 1985 – Mike Richards, Canadian ice hockey player[196]
- 1985 – Šárka Strachová, Czech skier[197]
- 1986 – Gabriel Boric, Chilean politician, 36th President of Chile[198]
- 1987 – Luca Antonelli, Italian footballer[199]
- 1987 – Juanmi Callejón, Spanish footballer[200]
- 1987 – Brian Matusz, American baseball player (died 2025)[201]
- 1987 – Jan Smeekens, Dutch speed skater[202]
- 1987 – Ellen van Dijk, Dutch cyclist[203]
- 1988 – Vlad Moldoveanu, Romanian basketball player[204]
- 1990 – Javier Aquino, Mexican footballer[205]
- 1990 – Q'orianka Kilcher, German-American actress[162]
- 1990 – Hwang Chan-sung, South Korean singer and actor[206]
- 1991 – Laurent Duvernay-Tardif, Canadian football player and medical doctor[207]
- 1991 – Nikola Mirotic, Spanish basketball player[208]
- 1992 – Lasse Norman Hansen, Danish track and road cyclist[209]
- 1992 – Taylor Lautner, American actor[210]
- 1992 – Jake Matthews, American football player[211]
- 1993 – Ben McLemore, American basketball player[212]
- 1994 – Dansby Swanson, American baseball player[213]
- 1995 – Milan Škriniar, Slovak footballer[214]
- 1995 – Rick Karsdorp, Dutch footballer[215]
- 1996 – Daniil Medvedev, Russian tennis player[216]
- 1996 – Jonathan Tah, German footballer[217]
- 1996 – Lucas Torreira, Uruguayan footballer[218]
- 1997 – Damien Harris, American football player[219]
- 1997 – Mike Hughes, American football player[220]
- 1997 – Hubert Hurkacz, Polish tennis player[221]
- 1997 – Rosé, New Zealand-South Korean singer and dancer[111]
- 1997 – Zavier Simpson, American basketball player[222]
- 1998 – Trent Frederic, American ice hockey player[223]
- 1998 – Josh Jacobs, American football player[224]
- 1998 – Khalid, American singer and songwriter[225]
- 2000 – Nassir Little, American basketball player[226]
- 2001 – Bryan Gil, Spanish footballer[227]
- 2002 – Liam Lawson, New Zealand racing driver[228]
Deaths
Pre-1600
- AD 55 – Britannicus, Roman son of Claudius (born 41)[229]
- 244 – Gordian III, Roman emperor (born 225)[230]
- 641 – Heraclius, Byzantine emperor (born 575)[231]
- 731 – Pope Gregory II (born 669)[232]
- 824 – Pope Paschal I[233]
- 1141 – Hugh of Saint Victor, German philosopher and theologian (born 1096)[234]
- 1503 – Elizabeth of York (born 1466)[61]
1601–1900
- 1626 – Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician and astronomer (born 1548)[235]
- 1650 – René Descartes, French mathematician and philosopher (born 1596)[236]
- 1755 – Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, Italian archaeologist, playwright, and critic (born 1675)[237]
- 1763 – William Shenstone, English poet and gardener (born 1714)[238]
- 1768 – George Dance the Elder, English architect, designed St Leonard's and St Botolph's Aldgate (born 1695)[239][240][241]
- 1795 – Carl Michael Bellman, Swedish poet and composer (born 1740)[242]
- 1811 – Juan Sánchez Ramírez, leader of the troops that fought against the French rule of Santo Domingo's colony between 1808 and 1809 (born 1762)[243]
- 1829 – Alexander Griboyedov, Russian poet, playwright, and composer (born 1795)[244]
- 1854 – Magdalene Osenbroch, Norwegian actress (born 1830)[245]
- 1862 – Elizabeth Siddal, English poet and artist's model (born 1829)[246]
- 1868 – Léon Foucault, French physicist and academic (born 1819)[247]
- 1898 – Félix María Zuloaga, Mexican general and unconstitutional interim president (born 1813)[248]
1901–present
- 1901 – Milan I of Serbia (born 1855)[249]
- 1917 – Oswaldo Cruz, Brazilian physician and epidemiologist (born 1872)[250]
- 1918 – Alexey Kaledin, Russian general (born 1861)[251]
- 1931 – Charles Algernon Parsons, English-Irish engineer, invented the steam turbine (born 1854)[252]
- 1938 – Kalle Korhonen, Finnish politician (born 1878)[253]
- 1940 – John Buchan, Scottish-Canadian historian and politician, Governor General of Canada (born 1875)[254]
- 1940 – Ellen Day Hale, American painter and author (born 1855)[81]
- 1942 – Jamnalal Bajaj, Indian businessman and philanthropist (born 1884)[255]
- 1947 – Martin Klein, Estonian wrestler and coach (born 1884)[256]
- 1948 – Sergei Eisenstein, Russian director and screenwriter (born 1898)[257]
- 1949 – Axel Munthe, Swedish doctor (born 1857)[258]
- 1958 – Ernest Jones, Welsh neurologist and psychoanalyst (born 1879)[259]
- 1963 – John Olof Dahlgren, Swedish-American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1872)[260]
- 1963 – Sylvia Plath, American poet, novelist, and short story writer (born 1932)[261]
- 1967 – A. J. Muste, Dutch-American minister and activist (born 1885)[262]
- 1968 – Howard Lindsay, American playwright (born 1889)[263]
- 1973 – J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1907)[264]
- 1975 – Richard Ratsimandrava, Malagasy colonel and politician, President of Madagascar (born 1931)[265]
- 1976 – Lee J. Cobb, American actor (born 1911)[266]
- 1976 – Alexander Lippisch, German pilot and engineer (born 1894)[267]
- 1977 – Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Indian lawyer and politician, 5th President of India (born 1905)[268]
- 1977 – Louis Beel, Dutch academic and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (born 1902)[269]
- 1978 – James Bryant Conant, American chemist and academic (born 1893)[270]
- 1978 – Harry Martinson, Swedish novelist, essayist, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1904)[271]
- 1982 – Eleanor Powell, American actress and dancer (born 1912)[272]
- 1985 – Henry Hathaway, American actor, director, and producer (born 1898)[273]
- 1986 – Frank Herbert, American journalist and author (born 1920)[274]
- 1986 – Evelio Javier, Filipino politician (born 1942)[275]
- 1989 – George O'Hanlon, American actor and voice artist (born 1912)[276]
- 1993 – Robert W. Holley, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1922)[277]
- 1994 – Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (born 1946)[278]
- 1994 – Sorrell Booke, American actor and director (born 1930)[279]
- 1994 – William Conrad, American actor, director, and producer (born 1920)[280]
- 1994 – Paul Feyerabend, Austrian-Swiss philosopher and academic (born 1924)[281]
- 1996 – Amelia Rosselli, Italian poet and author (born 1930)[282]
- 2000 – Lord Kitchner, Trinidadian singer (born 1922)[283]
- 2000 – Roger Vadim, French director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1928)[284]
- 2002 – Frankie Crosetti, American baseball player and coach (born 1910)[285]
- 2002 – Barry Foster, English actor (born 1931)[286]
- 2004 – Tony Pope, American voice actor (born 1947)[287]
- 2004 – Shirley Strickland, Australian runner (born 1925)[288]
- 2005 – Jack L. Chalker, American author (born 1944)[289]
- 2006 – Peter Benchley, American author and screenwriter (born 1940)[290]
- 2006 – Ken Fletcher, Australian tennis player (born 1940)[291]
- 2006 – Jackie Pallo, English wrestler and actor (born 1926)[292]
- 2006 – Matilda, American chicken and stage magician, oldest known chicken (h. 1990)[293]
- 2008 – Tom Lantos, American lawyer and politician (born 1928)[294]
- 2008 – Frank Piasecki, American engineer (born 1919)[295]
- 2009 – Estelle Bennett, American singer (born 1941)[296]
- 2009 – Willem Johan Kolff, Dutch-American physician and academic (born 1911)[297]
- 2010 – Heward Grafftey, Canadian businessman and politician (born 1928)[298]
- 2010 – Alexander McQueen, English fashion designer, founder of his eponymous brand (born 1969)[299]
- 2011 – Chuck Tanner, American baseball player and manager (born 1928)[300]
- 2012 – Siri Bjerke, Norwegian politician, Norwegian Minister of the Environment (born 1958)[301]
- 2012 – Aharon Davidi, Israeli general (born 1927)[302]
- 2012 – Whitney Houston, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (born 1963)[303]
- 2013 – Rick Huxley, English bass player (born 1940)[304]
- 2014 – Alice Babs, Swedish singer and actress (born 1924)[305]
- 2014 – Tito Canepa, Dominican-American painter (born 1916)[306][307]
- 2014 – Fernando González Pacheco, Colombian journalist and actor (born 1932)[308]
- 2015 – Roger Hanin, French actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1925)[309]
- 2015 – Bob Simon, American journalist (born 1941)[310]
- 2015 – Jerry Tarkanian, American basketball player and coach (born 1930)[311]
- 2016 – Kevin Randleman, American mixed martial artist and wrestler (born 1971)[312]
- 2016 – Zeng Xuelin, Thai-Chinese footballer and manager (born 1929)[313]
- 2017 – Fab Melo, Brazilian basketball player (born 1990)[314]
- 2017 – Jaap Rijks, Dutch Olympian (born 1919)[315]
- 2017 – Trish Doan, Korean-Canadian musician (born 1985)[316]
- 2018 – Vic Damone, American singer, songwriter and actor (born 1928)[317]
- 2018 – Asma Jahangir, Pakistani human-rights lawyer and social activist (born 1952)[318]
- 2018 – Jan Maxwell, American stage and television actress (born 1956)[319]
- 2018 – Qazi Wajid, Pakistani drama actor, writer and artist (born 1930)[320]
- 2023 – Donald Spoto, American biographer (born 1941)[321]
- 2024 – Allen J. Bard, American chemist (born 1933)[322]
- 2025 – Betsy Arakawa, American classical pianist (born 1959)[323]
- 2025 – Moses Lim, Singaporean actor (born 1949)[324]
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day:
- Blaise Eastern Orthodox liturgics[325]
- Cædmon, first recorded Christian poet in England, Template:Circa (Anglicanism)[326]
- Gobnait[327]
- Gregory II[232]
- Lazarus of Milan[328]
- February 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- European 112 Day (European Union)[329]
- Armed Forces Day (Liberia)[330]
- Evelio Javier Day (Panay Island, the Philippines)[331]
- Feast day of Our Lady of Lourdes (Catholic Church), and its related observance[1]
- Inventors' Day (United States)[333]
- National Foundation Day (Japan)[1]
- Youth Day (Cameroon)[1]
- International Day of Women and Girls in Science (UN Women)[334]
Footnotes
Works cited
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
References
External links
Script error: No such module "Navbox".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite magazine
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Larkin 2011, p. 1995
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Larkin 2011, p. 2371
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Larkin 2011, p. 438
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Larkin 2011, p. 482
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Lentz 2014, p. 529
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Lentz 2014, p. 578
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite magazine
- ↑ Vic Damone, Who Crooned to Postwar Popularity, Dies at 89 The New York Times, February 12, 2018
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
- ↑ McPhee, Ryan. "Jan Maxwell, a Five-Time Tony Award Nominee, Dies at 61" Template:Webarchive Playbill, February 11, 2018
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite ODNB
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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