Foreign relations of Angola: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Underdwarf58
imported>Akiro 2021
 
Line 603: Line 603:
|143
|143
|{{Flag|Paraguay}}
|{{Flag|Paraguay}}
|{{Dts|21 June 2007}}<ref name=":83">{{Cite web |date=22 June 2017 |title=Boletin de prensa |url=http://www.mre.gov.py/paginas/boletines/informaciones/anteriores/boletin220620071.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824194057mp_/http://www.mre.gov.py/paginas/boletines/informaciones/anteriores/boletin220620071.asp |archive-date=24 August 2007 |access-date=15 July 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
|{{Dts|21 June 2007}}<ref name=":83">{{Cite web |date=22 June 2017 |title=Boletin de prensa |url=http://www.mre.gov.py/paginas/boletines/informaciones/anteriores/boletin220620071.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824194057/http://www.mre.gov.py/paginas/boletines/informaciones/anteriores/boletin220620071.asp |archive-date=24 August 2007 |access-date=15 July 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|-
|144
|144
Line 724: Line 724:
|{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{dts|26 September 2024}}
|{{dts|26 September 2024}}
|-
|174
|{{Flag|Bahamas}}
|{{dts|26 September 2025}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2025 |title=We established diplomatic relations with Angola by signing a memorandum to that effect in New York at the United Nations. |url=https://www.facebook.com/fredmitchellmbm/posts/pfbid02KWQbzWBsS1WiabSQRmZJMMBf9Mv6584W6jaTTufWp341bGqqLNKoFie7wdvqc3JYl |access-date=26 September 2025 |website=Fred Mitchell - Minute By Minute on Facebook}}</ref>
|}
|}


Line 743: Line 747:
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}||17 October 1978<ref name=":02"/>||
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}||17 October 1978<ref name=":02"/>||


Many thousands of Angolans fled the country after the civil war. More than 20,000 people were forced to leave the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] in 2009, an action the DR Congo said was in retaliation for regular expulsion of Congolese diamond miners who were in Angola illegally. Angola sent a delegation to DR Congo's capital [[Kinshasa]] and succeeded in stopping government-forced expulsions which had become a "tit-for-tat"<ref name="Bearak 2009" /> immigration dispute. "Congo and Angola have agreed to suspend expulsions from both sides of the border," said Lambert Mende, DR Congo information minister, in October 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Congo and Angola 'end expulsions' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8304282.stm|date=13 October 2009|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2009-10-13 | location=London}}</ref> "We never challenged the expulsions themselves; we challenged the way they were being conducted – all the beating of people and looting their goods, even sometimes their clothes," Mende said.<ref name="Bearak 2009">{{cite news|last=Bearak |first= Barry|title=Congo and Angola Agree to End Expulsions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/14/world/africa/14angola.html|date=13 October 2009|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
Many thousands of Angolans fled the country after the civil war. More than 20,000 people were forced to leave the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] in 2009, an action the DR Congo said was in retaliation for regular expulsion of Congolese diamond miners who were in Angola illegally. Angola sent a delegation to DR Congo's capital [[Kinshasa]] and succeeded in stopping government-forced expulsions which had become a "tit-for-tat"<ref name="Bearak 2009" /> immigration dispute. "Congo and Angola have agreed to suspend expulsions from both sides of the border," said Lambert Mende, DR Congo information minister, in October 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Congo and Angola 'end expulsions' |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8304282.stm|date=13 October 2009|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2009-10-13 | location=London}}</ref> "We never challenged the expulsions themselves; we challenged the way they were being conducted – all the beating of people and looting their goods, even sometimes their clothes," Mende said.<ref name="Bearak 2009">{{cite news|last=Bearak |first= Barry|title=Congo and Angola Agree to End Expulsions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/14/world/africa/14angola.html|date=13 October 2009|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2009-10-13}}</ref>
* Angola has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]].
* Angola has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]].
* DR Congo has an embassy in Luanda.
* DR Congo has an embassy in Luanda.
Line 846: Line 850:
See [[Angola–China relations]]
See [[Angola–China relations]]


Chinese prime minister [[Wen Jiabao]] visited Angola in June 2006, offering a US$9&nbsp;billion loan for infrastructure improvements in return for petroleum. The PRC has invested heavily in Angola since the end of the civil war in 2002.<ref name="wenvis">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5080626.stm|title=Angola: China's African foothold|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2007-11-19 | date=2006-06-20 | location=London}}</ref> [[João Manuel Bernardo]], the current ambassador of [[Angola]] to China, visited the PRC in November 2007.<ref name="chinabasador">{{cite web|year=2007|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200711150442.html|title=Angola: Ambassador Considers Relations With China Excellent|publisher=Angola Press Agency via AllAfrica|access-date=2007-11-19}}</ref>
Chinese prime minister [[Wen Jiabao]] visited Angola in June 2006, offering a US$9&nbsp;billion loan for infrastructure improvements in return for petroleum. The PRC has invested heavily in Angola since the end of the civil war in 2002.<ref name="wenvis">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/5080626.stm|title=Angola: China's African foothold|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2007-11-19 | date=2006-06-20 | location=London}}</ref> [[João Manuel Bernardo]], the current ambassador of [[Angola]] to China, visited the PRC in November 2007.<ref name="chinabasador">{{cite web|year=2007|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200711150442.html|title=Angola: Ambassador Considers Relations With China Excellent|publisher=Angola Press Agency via AllAfrica|access-date=2007-11-19}}</ref>


* Angola has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate-general in [[Macau]].
* Angola has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate-general in [[Macau]].
Line 954: Line 958:
* Spain has an embassy in Luanda.
* Spain has an embassy in Luanda.
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||14 October 1977||Angola established diplomatic relations with the UK on 14 October 1977.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Angola and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as of 14 Oct. 1977|website=[[United Nations Digital Library]]| date=14 October 1977 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1485923?ln=en |access-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401231007/https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1485923?ln=en&v=pdf|archive-date=1 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||14 October 1977|| See [[Angola–United Kingdom relations]]
*Angola maintains an [[Embassy of Angola, London|embassy]] in London.
[[File:Dr George Chikoti, Angolan Foreign Minister (6908759855).jpg|thumb|right|[[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|British Foreign Secretary]] [[William Hague]] with [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Djibouti)|Foreign Minister]] [[Georges Rebelo Chikoti]] and [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Africa|Foreign Office Minister]] [[Henry Bellingham, Baron Bellingham|Henry Bellingham]] in London, February 2012.]]
* The United Kingdom is accredited to Angola through its embassy in [[Luanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-luanda|title=British Embassy Luanda|work=GOV.UK|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401160656/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-luanda|archive-date=1 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
Angola established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 14 October 1977.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=[[Angola]]|author2=[[United Kingdom]]|title=Diplomatic relations between Angola and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as of 14 Oct. 1977|website=[[United Nations Digital Library]]| date=14 October 1977 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1485923?ln=en |access-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401231007/https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1485923?ln=en&v=pdf|archive-date=1 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
*Angola maintains an [[Embassy of Angola, London|embassy]] in London.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Diplomat Magazine|date=1 February 2015|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/africa/angola/|title=Angola|website=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=5 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621134712/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/africa/angola/|archive-date=21 June 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The United Kingdom is accredited to Angola through its embassy in [[Luanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-luanda|title=British Embassy Luanda|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=2 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401160656/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-luanda|archive-date=1 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>


Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac">{{cite news|date=19 September 2023|title=US unveils Atlantic co-operation pact|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d|access-date=19 January 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119085952/https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d|archive-date=19 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[World Trade Organization]].
Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac">{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Politi|first=James|date=19 September 2023|title=US unveils Atlantic co-operation pact|website=[[Financial Times]]|url=https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d|access-date=19 January 2024|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119085952/https://www.ft.com/content/56706df4-f39b-4ab5-8acf-b252176d172d|archive-date=19 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[World Health Organization]], and the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have a High Level Prosperity Partnership.<ref name="prosperity">{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=[[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]|author2=[[Department for International Development]]|author3=[[UK Trade & Investment]]|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/high-level-prosperity-partnerships-in-africa/high-level-prosperity-partnerships-in-africa|title=High Level Prosperity Partnerships in Africa|date=19 November 2013|website=GOV.UK|access-date=29 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528234147/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/high-level-prosperity-partnerships-in-africa/high-level-prosperity-partnerships-in-africa|archive-date=28 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
|}



Latest revision as of 17:30, 26 September 2025

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates

Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists The foreign relations of Angola are based on Angola's strong support of U.S. foreign policy as the Angolan economy is dependent on U.S. foreign aid. From 1975 to 1989, Angola was aligned with the Eastern bloc, in particular the Soviet Union,[1] Libya,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". and Cuba.[1] Since then, it has focused on improving relationships with Western countries, cultivating links with other Portuguese-speaking countries, and asserting its own national interests in Central Africa through military and diplomatic intervention.[1] In 1993, it established formal diplomatic relations with the United States.[1] It has entered the Southern African Development Community as a vehicle for improving ties with its largely Anglophone neighbors to the south.[1] Zimbabwe and Namibia joined Angola in its military intervention in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where Angolan troops remain in support of the Joseph Kabila government.[1] It also has intervened in the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) in support of Denis Sassou-Nguesso in the civil war.[1]

Since 1998, Angola has successfully worked with the United Nations Security Council to impose and carry out sanctions on UNITA.[2] More recently, it has extended those efforts to controls on conflict diamonds, the primary source of revenue for UNITA during the Civil War that ended in 2002.[2] At the same time, Angola has promoted the revival of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP) as a forum for cultural exchange and expanding ties with Portugal (its former ruler) and Brazil (which shares many cultural affinities with Angola) in particular.[1][2] Angola is a member of the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA).

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Angola maintains diplomatic relations with:[3][4]

File:Diplomatic relations of Angola.svg
# Country Date
1 Template:Country data Czech Republic Template:Dts[5]
2 Template:Country data Guinea Template:Dts[6]
3 Template:Country data Brazil Template:Date table sorting
4 Template:Country data Serbia Template:Date table sorting[7]
5 Template:Country data Vietnam Template:Date table sorting
6 Template:Country data Cuba Template:Date table sorting
7 Template:Country data North Korea Template:Date table sorting[8]
8 Template:Country data Bulgaria Template:Date table sorting[9]
9 Template:Country data Poland Template:Date table sorting
10 Template:Country data Cambodia Template:Date table sorting[10]
11 Template:Country data Romania Template:Dts[11]
12 Template:Country data Mongolia Template:Date table sorting[12]
13 Template:Country data France Template:Date table sorting
14 Template:Country data Egypt Template:Date table sorting
15 Template:Country data Netherlands Template:Date table sorting
16 Template:Country data Mexico Template:Date table sorting[13]
17 Template:Country data Portugal Template:Date table sorting
18 Template:Country data Nigeria Template:Date table sorting
19 Template:Country data Libya Template:Date table sorting[14]
20 Template:Country data Italy Template:Date table sorting
21 Template:Country data Republic of the Congo Template:Date table sorting
22 Template:Country data Sweden Template:Dts[15]
23 Template:Country data Japan Template:Date table sorting
24 Template:Country data Denmark Template:Date table sorting[16]
25 Template:Country data Finland Template:Date table sorting[17]
26 Template:Country data Switzerland Template:Date table sorting[18]
27 Template:Country data Ghana Template:Date table sorting[19]
28 Template:Country data Russia Template:Date table sorting
29 Template:Country data Benin Template:Date table sorting[20]
30 Template:Country data Hungary Template:Date table sorting
31 Template:Country data Ethiopia Template:Date table sorting[21]
32 Template:Country data Guyana Template:Date table sorting[22]
33 Template:Country data Bangladesh Template:Date table sorting[23]
34 Template:Country data United Kingdom Template:Date table sorting
35 Template:Country data Algeria Template:Date table sorting[24]
36 Template:Country data Spain Template:Date table sorting
37 Template:Country data Pakistan Template:Date table sorting[25]
38 Template:Country data Austria Template:Date table sorting
39 Template:Country data Cape Verde Template:Date table sorting
40 Template:Country data Norway Template:Date table sorting
41 Template:Country data Yemen Template:Date table sorting
42 Template:Country data Belgium Template:Date table sorting
43 Template:Country data Canada Template:Date table sorting
44 Template:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe Template:Date table sorting
45 Template:Country data Mozambique Template:Dts[26][27]
46 Template:Country data Democratic Republic of the Congo Template:Date table sorting
47 Template:Country data Central African Republic Template:Date table sorting[28]
48 Template:Country data Argentina Template:Date table sorting
49 Template:Country data India Template:Date table sorting
50 Template:Country data Germany Template:Date table sorting[29]
51 Template:Country data Cameroon Template:Date table sorting[30]
52 Template:Country data Zambia Template:Date table sorting
53 Template:Country data Botswana Template:Dts[31]
54 Template:Country data Turkey Template:Date table sorting
55 Template:Country data Laos Template:Date table sorting
56 Template:Country data Niger Template:Date table sorting[32]
57 Template:Country data Greece Template:Date table sorting[33]
Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Template:Dts[34]
58 Template:Country data Tanzania Template:Date table sorting
59 Template:Country data Senegal Template:Date table sorting[35]
60 Template:Country data Gabon Template:Date table sorting
61 Template:Country data Zimbabwe Template:Date table sorting
62 Template:Country data Equatorial Guinea Template:Date table sorting
63 Template:Country data China Template:Date table sorting
64 Template:Country data Grenada Template:Date table sorting[36]
65 Template:Country data Ivory Coast Template:Date table sorting[37]
66 Template:Country data Lesotho Template:Date table sorting[38]
67 Template:Country data Tunisia Template:Date table sorting[39]
68 Template:Country data Morocco Template:Date table sorting
69 Template:Country data Kenya Template:Date table sorting[40]
70 Template:Country data Suriname Template:Dts[41][42]
71 Template:Country data Iran Template:Date table sorting
72 Template:Country data Vanuatu Template:Date table sorting
73 Template:Country data Seychelles Template:Date table sorting
74 Template:Country data Venezuela Template:Date table sorting
75 Template:Country data Uruguay Template:Date table sorting
76 Template:Country data Mauritania Template:Date table sorting[43]
77 Template:Country data Australia Template:Date table sorting[44]
78 Template:Country data Colombia Template:Date table sorting
79 Template:Country data Albania Template:Date table sorting[45]
80 Template:Country data Peru Template:Date table sorting[46]
81 Template:Country data Togo Template:Date table sorting[47]
82 Template:Country data Nicaragua Template:Date table sorting[47]
83 Template:Country data Iceland Template:Dts[48]
84 Template:Country data Rwanda Template:Dts[49]
85 Template:Country data Burundi Template:Dts[50]
86 Template:Country data Panama Template:Date table sorting
87 Template:Country data Eswatini Template:Date table sorting[51]
88 Template:Country data Namibia Template:Dts[52]
89 Template:Country data Chile Template:Date table sorting
90 Template:Country data South Korea Template:Date table sorting
Template:Country data State of Palestine Template:Dts[53]
91 Template:Country data Israel Template:Date table sorting
92 Template:Country data Thailand Template:Date table sorting
93 Template:Country data United States Template:Date table sorting
94 Template:Country data Slovakia Template:Date table sorting
95 Template:Country data Malawi Template:Date table sorting
96 Template:Country data North Macedonia Template:Date table sorting
97 Template:Country data South Africa Template:Date table sorting
98 Template:Country data Moldova Template:Date table sorting[54]
99 Template:Country data Ukraine Template:Date table sorting
100 Template:Country data Armenia Template:Date table sorting[55]
101 Template:Country data Kazakhstan Template:Date table sorting
102 Template:Country data Croatia Template:Date table sorting[56]
103 Template:Country data Azerbaijan Template:Date table sorting
104 Template:Country data Belarus Template:Date table sorting
105 Template:Country data Malaysia Template:Date table sorting[57]
106 Template:Country data Qatar Template:Date table sorting[58]
107 Template:Country data Lebanon Template:Date table sorting
108 Template:Country data Bolivia Template:Dts[59]
109 Template:Country data Estonia Template:Date table sorting
110 Template:Country data Georgia Template:Date table sorting
111 Template:Country data Ecuador Template:Date table sorting
112 Template:Country data Turkmenistan Template:Date table sorting
Template:Country data Holy See Template:Dts[60]
113 Template:Country data Kuwait Template:Date table sorting
114 Template:Country data United Arab Emirates Template:Date table sorting
115 Template:Country data Syria Template:Date table sorting
116 Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Date table sorting
117 Template:Country data Cyprus Template:Date table sorting
118 Template:Country data Singapore Template:Date table sorting
119 Template:Country data Belize Template:Date table sorting
120 Template:Country data Ireland Template:Date table sorting
121 Template:Country data Costa Rica Template:Date table sorting
122 Template:Country data Indonesia Template:Date table sorting[61]
123 Template:Country data Philippines Template:Date table sorting
124 Template:Country data Luxembourg Template:Date table sorting
125 Template:Country data Timor-Leste Template:Date table sorting
126 Template:Country data Uzbekistan Template:Date table sorting
127 Template:Country data Lithuania Template:Date table sorting
128 Template:Country data Jamaica Template:Date table sorting
129 Template:Country data Mali Template:Date table sorting[62]
130 Template:Country data Uganda Template:Date table sorting[63]
131 Template:Country data Burkina Faso Template:Date table sorting[64]
132 Template:Country data Mauritius Template:DTS[65]
133 Template:Country data Sudan Template:Date table sorting[66]
134 Template:Country data Slovenia Template:Date table sorting
135 Template:Country data Sri Lanka Template:Date table sorting
136 Template:Country data Jordan Template:Date table sorting
137 Template:Country data Sierra Leone Template:Date table sorting[67]
138 Template:Country data Comoros Template:Date table sorting[68]
139 Template:Country data Chad Template:Date table sorting[69]
140 Template:Country data Oman Template:Date table sorting[70]
Template:Country data Sovereign Military Order of Malta Template:Date table sorting[71]
141 Template:Country data Brunei Template:Date table sorting
142 Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau Template:Date table sorting
143 Template:Country data Paraguay Template:Dts[72]
144 Template:Country data Andorra Template:Date table sorting
145 Template:Country data Saudi Arabia Template:Date table sorting
146 Template:Country data San Marino Template:Date table sorting
147 Template:Country data Dominican Republic Template:Date table sorting[73]
148 Template:Country data Liberia Template:Date table sorting[74]
149 Template:Country data Montenegro Template:Date table sorting
150 Template:Country data Malta Template:Date table sorting
151 Template:Country data Fiji Template:Date table sorting
152 Template:Country data Latvia Template:Date table sorting
153 Template:Country data Eritrea Template:Date table sorting[75]
154 Template:Country data Myanmar Template:Date table sorting
155 Template:Country data Bahrain Template:Date table sorting
156 Template:Country data New Zealand Template:Date table sorting[76]
157 Template:Country data Iraq Template:Date table sorting[77]
158 Template:Country data Monaco Template:Dts[78]
159 Template:Country data South Sudan Template:Date table sorting[79]
160 Template:Country data Nepal Template:DTS[80]
161 Template:Country data Tajikistan Template:Date table sorting
162 Template:Country data Maldives Template:Date table sorting
163 Template:Country data Liechtenstein Template:Dts[81][82]
164 Template:Country data Somalia Template:Date table sorting[83]
165 Template:Country data Gambia Template:Date table sorting[84]
166 Template:Country data Djibouti Template:Date table sorting[85]
167 Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Date table sorting[86]
168 Template:Country data Barbados Template:Date table sorting
169 Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago Template:Date table sorting
170 Template:Country data El Salvador Template:Dts[87]
171 Template:Country data Guatemala Template:Dts
172 Template:Country data Madagascar Template:Date table sorting[88]
173 Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts
174 Template:Country data Bahamas Template:Dts[89]

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Cape Verde 30 October 1977[4] See Angola–Cape Verde relations

Cape Verde signed a friendship accord with Angola in December 1975, shortly after Angola gained its independence. Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau served as stop-over points for Cuban troops on their way to Angola to fight UNITA rebels and South African troops. Prime Minister Pedro Pires sent FARP soldiers to Angola where they served as the personal bodyguards of Angolan President José Eduardo dos Santos.[90]

  • Angola has an embassy in Praia.
  • Cape Verde has an embassy in Luanda and a consulate in Benguela.
Template:Country data Democratic Republic of Congo 17 October 1978[4]

Many thousands of Angolans fled the country after the civil war. More than 20,000 people were forced to leave the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2009, an action the DR Congo said was in retaliation for regular expulsion of Congolese diamond miners who were in Angola illegally. Angola sent a delegation to DR Congo's capital Kinshasa and succeeded in stopping government-forced expulsions which had become a "tit-for-tat"[91] immigration dispute. "Congo and Angola have agreed to suspend expulsions from both sides of the border," said Lambert Mende, DR Congo information minister, in October 2009.[92] "We never challenged the expulsions themselves; we challenged the way they were being conducted – all the beating of people and looting their goods, even sometimes their clothes," Mende said.[91]

  • Angola has an embassy in Kinshasa.
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Kenya See Angola–Kenya relations
  • Angola has an embassy in Nairobi.
  • Kenya has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Mozambique 5 July 1975[4] See Angola–Mozambique relations
  • Angola has an embassy in Maputo.
  • Mozambique has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Namibia 18 September 1990[4] See Angola–Namibia relations

Namibia borders Angola to the south. In 1999, Namibia signed a mutual defense pact with its northern neighbor Angola.[93] This affected the Angolan Civil War that had been ongoing since Angola's independence in 1975. Namibia's ruling party SWAPO sought to support the ruling party MPLA in Angola against the rebel movement UNITA, whose stronghold is in southern Angola, bordering to Namibia. The defence pact allowed Angolan troops to use Namibian territory when attacking Jonas Savimbi's UNITA.

Template:Country data Nigeria 15 March 1976[4] See Angola–Nigeria relations

Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union and other multilateral organizations.

  • Angola has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data South Africa 17 May 1994[4] See Angola–South Africa relations

Angola-South Africa relations are quite strong as the ruling parties in both nations, the African National Congress in South Africa and the MPLA in Angola, fought together during the Angolan Civil War and South African Border War. They fought against UNITA rebels, based in Angola, and the apartheid-era government in South Africa who supported them. Nelson Mandela mediated between the MPLA and UNITA factions during the last years of Angola's civil war.

Template:Country data Zimbabwe 15 October 1982[4] See Angola–Zimbabwe relations

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data Argentina 2 June 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1979[94]

See Angola–Argentina relations

  • Angola has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
  • Argentina has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Brazil 12 November 1975[4] See Angola–Brazil relations

Commercial and economic ties dominate the relations of each country. Parts of both countries were part of the Portuguese Empire from the early 16th century until Brazil's independence in 1822. As of November 2007, "trade between the two countries is booming as never before"[95]

Template:Country data Canada 1 February 1978

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1978[96]

Canada-Angola relations were established in 1978, and Canada is accredited to Angola from its embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe. Ties have grown since the end of the civil war in 2002, with increased engagement in areas of mutual interest. As Chair of the United Nations Security Council's Angola Sanctions Committee, Canada limited the ability of UNITA to continue its military campaign, sanctions helped to bring a ceasefire agreement to end Angola's conflict.

  • Angola is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Canada is accredited to Angola from its embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe and maintains an honorary consulate in Luanda.
Template:Country data Cuba 15 November 1975[4] See Angola–Cuba relations

During Angola's civil war Cuban forces fought to install a Marxist–Leninist MPLA-PT government, against Western-backed UNITA and FLNA guerrillas and the South-African army.[97]

  • Angola has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Mexico 20 February 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1976[98]

See Angola–Mexico relations

  • Angola is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Angola from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Luanda.
Template:Country data United States 14 July 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 July 1994[99]

See Angola–United States relations

File:Embassy of Angola 3.jpg
Embassy of Angola in Washington, D.C.

From the mid-1980s through at least 1992, the United States was the primary source of military and other support for the UNITA rebel movement, which was led from its creation through 2002 by Jonas Savimbi. The U.S. refused to recognize Angola diplomatically during this period.

Relations between the United States of America and the Republic of Angola (formerly the People's Republic of Angola) have warmed since Angola's ideological renunciation of Communism before the 1992 elections.

  • Angola has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and consulates-general in Houston and New York City.
  • United States has an embassy in Luanda.[100]
Template:Country data Uruguay 6 March 1987 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1987[101]

See Angola–Uruguay relations

  • Angola has a consulate-general in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Angola from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data China 12 January 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1983[102]

See Angola–China relations

Chinese prime minister Wen Jiabao visited Angola in June 2006, offering a US$9 billion loan for infrastructure improvements in return for petroleum. The PRC has invested heavily in Angola since the end of the civil war in 2002.[103] João Manuel Bernardo, the current ambassador of Angola to China, visited the PRC in November 2007.[104]

  • Angola has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate-general in Macau.
  • China has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data India 2 June 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1979[105]

See Angola–India relations

  • Angola has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Israel 16 April 1992[4] See Angola–Israel relations

Angola-Israel relations, primarily based on trade and pro-United States foreign policies, are excellent. In March 2006, the trade volume between the two countries amounted to $400 million. In 2005, President José Eduardo dos Santos visited Israel.

Template:Country data Japan September 1976 See Angola–Japan relations

Diplomatic relations between Japan and Angola were established in September 1976. Japan has donated towards demining following the civil war.[106]

  • Angola has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Pakistan 20 October 1977

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1977[25]

The Government of Angola called for the support of Pakistan for the candidature of Angola to the seat of non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, whose election is set for September this year, during the 69th session of the General Assembly of United Nations. On the fringes of the ceremony, the Angolan diplomat also met with officials in charge of the economic and commercial policy of Pakistan, to assess the business opportunities between the two states. It asked to discuss aspects related to the cooperation on several domains of common interest.

Template:Country data Philippines 14 September 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 2001.
  • Angola has an embassy in Manila.
  • Philippines is accredited to Angola from its embassy in Lisbon, Portugal.
Template:Country data Turkey 9 July 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 July 1980[107]

See Angola–Turkey relations

Template:Country data Vietnam 12 November 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1975[109]

See Angola–Vietnam relations

Angola-Vietnam relations were established on 12 November 1975 after Angola gained its independence, when future president of Angola Agostinho Neto visited Vietnam.[110] Angola and Vietnam have steadfast partners as both transitioned from Cold War-era foreign policies of international communism to pro-Western pragmatism following the fall of the Soviet Union.

  • Angola has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Luanda.

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Template:Country data France 17 February 1976[4] See Angola–France relations

Relations between the two countries have not always been cordial due to the former French government's policy of supporting militant separatists in Angola's Cabinda province and the international Angolagate scandal embarrassed both governments by exposing corruption and illicit arms deals. Following French president Nicolas Sarkozy's visit in 2008, relations have improved.

  • Angola has an embassy in Paris.
  • France has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Germany 16 August 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1979[111]

See Angola–Germany relations

  • Angola has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Holy See 14 April 1975
Template:Country data Italy 4 June 1976[113]

See Angola–Italy relations

  • Angola has an embassy in Rome.
  • Italy has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Netherlands 18 February 1976[4]
  • Angola has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Rotterdam.
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Portugal 9 March 1976[4] See Angola–Portugal relations

Angola-Portugal relations have significantly improved since the Angolan government abandoned communism and nominally embraced democracy in 1991, embracing a pro-U.S. and to a lesser degree pro-Europe foreign policy. Portugal ruled Angola for 400 years,[114] colonizing the territory from 1483 until independence in 1975. Angola's war for independence did not end in a military victory for either side, but was suspended as a result of a coup in Portugal that replaced the Caetano regime.

  • Angola has an embassy in Lisbon and a consulate-general in Porto.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Luanda and a consulate-general in Benguela.
Template:Country data Russia 11 November 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 November 1975[115]

See Angola–Russia relations

  • Angola has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Serbia 12 November 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 November 1975[116]

See Angola–Serbia relations

The defence minister of Serbia, Dragan Šutanovac, stated in a 2011 meeting in Luanda that Serbia would negotiate with the Angolan military authorities for the construction of a new military hospital in Angola.[117]

Angola supports Serbia's stance on Kosovo, and recognizes Serbia's territorial integrity.[118]

  • Angola has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Serbia has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data Spain 19 October 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 October 1977[119]

See Angola–Spain relations

  • Angola has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Luanda.
Template:Country data United Kingdom 14 October 1977 See Angola–United Kingdom relations
File:Dr George Chikoti, Angolan Foreign Minister (6908759855).jpg
British Foreign Secretary William Hague with Foreign Minister Georges Rebelo Chikoti and Foreign Office Minister Henry Bellingham in London, February 2012.

Angola established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 14 October 1977.[120]

  • Angola maintains an embassy in London.[121]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Angola through its embassy in Luanda.[122]

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,[123] the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a High Level Prosperity Partnership.[124]

See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Foreign relations of Angola Template:Africa in topic Template:Angola topics

  1. a b c d e f g h Template:Citation-attribution
  2. a b c Template:Citation-attribution
  3. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  62. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ANGOLA-BRAZIL: Portuguese – the Common Language of Trade Template:Webarchive by Mario de Queiroz, ipsnews.net, 13 November 2007
  96. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. Piero Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, 1959–1976 Template:ISBN
  98. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. Angola: Head of State Sends Message to Serbian Counterpart, Angola Press Agency, 2008-06-24
  119. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. Script error: No such module "cite".
  121. Script error: No such module "cite".
  122. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. Script error: No such module "cite".
  124. Script error: No such module "cite".