Wellington's Column: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Monument to the Duke of Wellington in Liverpool}}
{{Short description|Monument to the Duke of Wellington in Liverpool, England}}
{{Other uses|Waterloo Memorial (disambiguation)|List of monuments to Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington}}
{{Other uses|Waterloo Memorial (disambiguation)|List of monuments to Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox historic site  
{{Infobox historic site  
| name = Wellington's Column
| name = Wellington's Column
Line 16: Line 16:
| location = [[Liverpool]], [[Merseyside]], England
| location = [[Liverpool]], [[Merseyside]], England
| gbgridref = SJ 351 908
| gbgridref = SJ 351 908
| area =
| elevation =
| built = 1861–65
| built = 1861–65
| architect = Andrew Lawson<br />[[George Anderson Lawson]]
| architect = Andrew Lawson<br />[[George Anderson Lawson]]
| architecture = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body =
| designation1 = Grade II*
| designation1 = Grade II*
| designation1_offname =  
| designation1_offname = Wellington Column
| designation1_type =
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_date = 28 June 1952
| designation1_date = 28 June 1952
| designation1_number = 1063784
| designation1_number = 1063784
| designation1_free1name =
| designation1_free1value =
}}
}}
[[File:Wellingtons Column Closeup.jpg|thumb|Wellington at the top of the column]]
[[File:Wellingtons Column Closeup.jpg|thumb|Wellington at the top of the column]]
[[File:Wellington Column Liverpool 2.jpg|thumb|Relief of the [[Battle of Waterloo]]]]
[[File:Wellington Column Liverpool 2.jpg|thumb|Relief of the [[Battle of Waterloo]]]]
'''Wellington's Column''', or the '''Waterloo Memorial''', is a monument to the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]] standing on the corner of [[William Brown Street]] and [[Lime Street, Liverpool|Lime Street]], [[Liverpool]], [[Merseyside]], England. It is recorded in the [[National Heritage List for England]] as a designated Grade&nbsp;II* [[Listed building#England and Wales|listed building]].<ref name=nhl>{{NHLE |num= 1063784|desc= Wellington Column, Liverpool|access-date= 12 April 2015|mode=cs2}}</ref>
'''Wellington's Column''', or the '''Waterloo Memorial''', is a monument to the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]] standing on the corner of [[William Brown Street]] and [[Lime Street, Liverpool|Lime Street]] in [[Liverpool]], England. It is recorded in the [[National Heritage List for England]] as a designated [[Grade II* listed]] building.<ref name=nhl>{{NHLE |num=1063784 |desc=Wellington Column, Liverpool |access-date=12 April 2015 |mode=cs2}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
After the Duke's death in 1852, in common with other cities, Liverpool decided to erect a monument to celebrate his achievements. A committee was established to organise public subscriptions, but the money was slow to come in.<ref name=cav>{{Citation | last = Cavanagh| first = Terry | year = 1996| title = Public Sculpture of Liverpool| series = Public Sculpture of Britain| location = Liverpool| publisher = Liverpool University Press| pages = 25–28| isbn = 0-85323-701-8| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=05hJrW5yuakC&q=wellington&pg=PP1| access-date =6 August 2011}}</ref> A competition was set up in 1856 to find a designer for the column, and this was won by the architect Andrew Lawson of Edinburgh. There were further delays while a suitable site was found, with sites at the top of Duke Street and [[Bold Street]], in front of the [[Britannia Adelphi Hotel|Adelphi Hotel]] and [[Prince's Park, Liverpool|Prince's Park]] being considered before the eventual location was settled on.<ref>''Liverpool Daily Post'' 3 May 1860</ref> In 1861 a second competition, this time for the statue of the Duke, was won by [[George Anderson Lawson]], brother of the column's designer.<ref name=pev>{{Citation | last1 =Pollard| first1 =Richard | last2 = Pevsner | first2 = Nikolaus | author2-link =Nikolaus Pevsner| series= The Buildings of England|title =Lancashire: Liverpool and the South-West | publisher =Yale University Press | year =2006 | location =New Haven and London | page = 300| isbn =0-300-10910-5 }}</ref> The design of the column and plinth closely resembles that of the [[Melville Monument]] commemorating [[Henry Dundas]], Lord Melville in [[St Andrew Square, Edinburgh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpoolmonuments.co.uk/statue/wellington06.html |title=Link to www.liverpoolmonuments.co.uk/statue/wellington06.html |access-date=3 September 2013|mode=cs2}}</ref> itself loosely modelled on [[Trajan's Column]] in Rome.
After the Duke's death in 1852, in common with other cities, Liverpool decided to erect a monument to celebrate his achievements. A committee was established to organise public subscriptions, but the money was slow to come in.<ref name=cav>{{Citation |last=Cavanagh |first=Terry |year=1996 |title=Public Sculpture of Liverpool |series=Public Sculpture of Britain |location=Liverpool |publisher=Liverpool University Press |pages=25–28 |isbn=0-85323-701-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05hJrW5yuakC&q=wellington&pg=PP1 |access-date=6 August 2011}}</ref> A competition was set up in 1856 to find a designer for the column, and this was won by the architect Andrew Lawson of Edinburgh. There were further delays while a suitable site was found, with sites at the top of Duke Street and [[Bold Street]], in front of the [[Britannia Adelphi Hotel|Adelphi Hotel]] and [[Prince's Park, Liverpool|Prince's Park]] being considered before the eventual location was settled on.<ref>''Liverpool Daily Post'' 3 May 1860</ref> In 1861 a second competition, this time for the statue of the Duke, was won by [[George Anderson Lawson]], brother of the column's designer.<ref name=pev>{{Citation |last1=Pollard |first1=Richard |last2=Pevsner |first2=Nikolaus |author2-link=Nikolaus Pevsner |series=The Buildings of England |title=Lancashire: Liverpool and the South-West |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2006 |location=New Haven and London |page=300 |isbn=0-300-10910-5}}</ref> The design of the column and plinth closely resembles that of the [[Melville Monument]] commemorating [[Henry Dundas]], Lord Melville in [[St Andrew Square, Edinburgh]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolmonuments.co.uk/statue/wellington06.html |title=Link to www.liverpoolmonuments.co.uk/statue/wellington06.html |access-date=3 September 2013|mode=cs2}}</ref> itself loosely modelled on [[Trajan's Column]] in Rome.


The foundation stone was laid on 1 May 1861 by the [[Lord Mayor of Liverpool|Mayor of Liverpool]]. There were further delays during construction of the monument due to subsidence. Although it was inaugurated on 16 May 1863 in a ceremony attended by the Mayor and [[Sir William Brown, 1st Baronet, of Richmond Hill|Sir William Brown]], it was still not complete.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://liverpoolhiddenhistory.co.uk/wellingtons-wait/ |title=Wellington's Wait |website=liverpoolhiddenhistory.co.uk |date= 25 May 2014|access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> Reliefs depicting Wellington's victories and the charge at the [[Battle of Waterloo]] were still to be added and it was finally completed towards the end of 1865.<ref name=cav/> These delays resulted in its being "a very late example of a column-monument for Britain".<ref name=pev/>
The foundation stone was laid on 1 May 1861 by the [[Lord Mayor of Liverpool|Mayor of Liverpool]]. There were further delays during construction of the monument due to subsidence. Although it was inaugurated on 16 May 1863 in a ceremony attended by the mayor and [[Sir William Brown, 1st Baronet, of Richmond Hill|Sir William Brown]], it was still not complete.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://liverpoolhiddenhistory.co.uk/wellingtons-wait/ |title=Wellington's Wait |website=Liverpool Hidden History |date=25 May 2014 |access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref> [[Relief]]s depicting Wellington's victories and the charge at the [[Battle of Waterloo]] were still to be added and it was finally completed towards the end of 1865.<ref name=cav/> These delays resulted in its being "a very late example of a column-monument for Britain".<ref name=pev/>


==Description==
==Description==
The foundations of the monument are in [[Runcorn]] [[sandstone]], the [[pedestal]] is in [[granite]], and the column itself is in [[Darley Dale]] sandstone. The overall height of the monument is {{convert|132|ft|m|1}}, the column being {{convert|81|ft|m|1}} high and the statue {{convert|25|ft|m|1}} high. It stands on a stepped base with a square pedestal. On each side of the pedestal is a bronze plaque; at the corners are bronze eagles joined by [[Festoon|swags]] along the sides. Standing on the pedestal is a [[Doric order|Roman Doric]] [[fluting (architecture)|fluted]] column. Within the column are 169 steps leading up to a viewing platform. On top of the column is a cylinder surmounted by a [[cupola]] on which the bronze statue of the Duke stands.<ref name=cav/> The statue is made from the melted-down bronze from cannons captured at the Battle of Waterloo.<ref name=pye>{{Citation | last = Pye| first = Ken| year = 2011| title = Discover Liverpool| location = Liverpool| publisher = Trinity Mirror Media| page = 23| isbn = 978-1-906802-90-5}}</ref> The Duke holds a scroll in his right hand, and his left hand rests on the hilt of his sword.<ref name=cav/>
The foundations of the monument are in [[Runcorn]] [[sandstone]], the [[pedestal]] is in [[granite]], and the column itself is in [[Darley Dale]] sandstone. The overall height of the monument is {{convert|132|ft|m|1}}, the column being {{convert|81|ft|m|1}} tall and the statue {{convert|25|ft|m|1}} tall. It stands on a stepped base with a square pedestal. On each side of the pedestal is a bronze plaque; at the corners are bronze eagles joined by [[Festoon|swags]] along the sides. Standing on the pedestal is a [[Doric order|Roman Doric]] [[fluting (architecture)|fluted]] column. Within the column are 169 steps leading up to a viewing platform. On top of the column is a cylinder surmounted by a [[cupola]] on which the bronze statue of the Duke stands.<ref name=cav/> The statue is made from the melted-down bronze from cannons captured at the Battle of Waterloo.<ref name=pye>{{Citation |last=Pye |first=Ken |year=2011 |title=Discover Liverpool |location=Liverpool |publisher=Trinity Mirror Media |page=23 |isbn=978-1-906802-90-5}}</ref> The Duke holds a scroll in his right hand, and his left hand rests on the hilt of his sword.<ref name=cav/>


The brass plaque on the south of the pedestal is a [[relief]] depicting the final charge at the [[battle of Waterloo]]. On the east and west faces, the plaques bear the names of the Duke's victorious battles. The east panel lists the battles of [[Battle of Assaye|Assaye]], [[Battle of Talavera|Talavera]], [[Battle of Argaon|Argaum]], [[Battle of Bussaco|Busaco]], [[Battle of Roliça|Roliça]], [[Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro|Fuentes de Oñoro]], [[Battle of Vimeiro|Vimeiro]], [[Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)|Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Second battle of Porto|Oporto]], and [[Siege of Badajoz (1812)|Badajoz]]; the west panel [[Battle of Salamanca|Salamanca]], [[Battle of Bayonne|Bayonne]], [[Battle of Vitoria|Vittoria]], [[Battle of Orthez|Orthez]], [[Siege of San Sebastián|San Sebastián]], [[Battle of Toulouse (1814)|Toulouse]], [[Battle of Nivelle|Nivelle]], [[Battle of Quatre-Bras|Quatre Bras]], and Waterloo.<ref name=cav/> Also on and around the base of the monument are pre-metric standard [[Board of Trade]] measurements of length, the shorter ones being embossed on a bronze panel. Set into the pavement is a brass strip containing the measure of {{convert|100|ft|m|1}}, and a chain of 100 links.<ref name=pye/>
The brass plaque on the south of the pedestal is a relief depicting the final charge at the [[battle of Waterloo]]. On the east and west faces, the plaques bear the names of the Duke's victorious battles. The east panel lists the battles of [[Battle of Assaye|Assaye]], [[Battle of Talavera|Talavera]], [[Battle of Argaon|Argaum]], [[Battle of Bussaco|Busaco]], [[Battle of Roliça|Roliça]], [[Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro|Fuentes de Oñoro]], [[Battle of Vimeiro|Vimeiro]], [[Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)|Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Second battle of Porto|Oporto]], and [[Siege of Badajoz (1812)|Badajoz]]; the west panel [[Battle of Salamanca|Salamanca]], [[Battle of Bayonne|Bayonne]], [[Battle of Vitoria|Vittoria]], [[Battle of Orthez|Orthez]], [[Siege of San Sebastián|San Sebastián]], [[Battle of Toulouse (1814)|Toulouse]], [[Battle of Nivelle|Nivelle]], [[Battle of Quatre-Bras|Quatre Bras]], and Waterloo.<ref name=cav/> Also on and around the base of the monument are pre-metric standard [[Board of Trade]] measurements of length, the shorter ones being embossed on a bronze panel. Set into the pavement is a brass strip containing the measure of {{convert|100|ft|m|1}}, and a chain of 100 links.<ref name=pye/>


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 19:26, 26 June 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox historic site

File:Wellingtons Column Closeup.jpg
Wellington at the top of the column
File:Wellington Column Liverpool 2.jpg
Relief of the Battle of Waterloo

Wellington's Column, or the Waterloo Memorial, is a monument to the Duke of Wellington standing on the corner of William Brown Street and Lime Street in Liverpool, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.[1]

History

After the Duke's death in 1852, in common with other cities, Liverpool decided to erect a monument to celebrate his achievements. A committee was established to organise public subscriptions, but the money was slow to come in.[2] A competition was set up in 1856 to find a designer for the column, and this was won by the architect Andrew Lawson of Edinburgh. There were further delays while a suitable site was found, with sites at the top of Duke Street and Bold Street, in front of the Adelphi Hotel and Prince's Park being considered before the eventual location was settled on.[3] In 1861 a second competition, this time for the statue of the Duke, was won by George Anderson Lawson, brother of the column's designer.[4] The design of the column and plinth closely resembles that of the Melville Monument commemorating Henry Dundas, Lord Melville in St Andrew Square, Edinburgh,[5] itself loosely modelled on Trajan's Column in Rome.

The foundation stone was laid on 1 May 1861 by the Mayor of Liverpool. There were further delays during construction of the monument due to subsidence. Although it was inaugurated on 16 May 1863 in a ceremony attended by the mayor and Sir William Brown, it was still not complete.[6] Reliefs depicting Wellington's victories and the charge at the Battle of Waterloo were still to be added and it was finally completed towards the end of 1865.[2] These delays resulted in its being "a very late example of a column-monument for Britain".[4]

Description

The foundations of the monument are in Runcorn sandstone, the pedestal is in granite, and the column itself is in Darley Dale sandstone. The overall height of the monument is Template:Convert, the column being Template:Convert tall and the statue Template:Convert tall. It stands on a stepped base with a square pedestal. On each side of the pedestal is a bronze plaque; at the corners are bronze eagles joined by swags along the sides. Standing on the pedestal is a Roman Doric fluted column. Within the column are 169 steps leading up to a viewing platform. On top of the column is a cylinder surmounted by a cupola on which the bronze statue of the Duke stands.[2] The statue is made from the melted-down bronze from cannons captured at the Battle of Waterloo.[7] The Duke holds a scroll in his right hand, and his left hand rests on the hilt of his sword.[2]

The brass plaque on the south of the pedestal is a relief depicting the final charge at the battle of Waterloo. On the east and west faces, the plaques bear the names of the Duke's victorious battles. The east panel lists the battles of Assaye, Talavera, Argaum, Busaco, Roliça, Fuentes de Oñoro, Vimeiro, Ciudad Rodrigo, Oporto, and Badajoz; the west panel Salamanca, Bayonne, Vittoria, Orthez, San Sebastián, Toulouse, Nivelle, Quatre Bras, and Waterloo.[2] Also on and around the base of the monument are pre-metric standard Board of Trade measurements of length, the shorter ones being embossed on a bronze panel. Set into the pavement is a brass strip containing the measure of Template:Convert, and a chain of 100 links.[7]

See also

References

Template:Sister project Template:Reflist

Template:Wellesley Template:Liverpool B&S Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Template:NHLE
  2. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Liverpool Daily Post 3 May 1860
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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