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{{Short description|Recreational sports organized within a particular institution}} | {{Short description|Recreational sports organized within a particular institution}} | ||
'''Intramural sports''' are recreational [[sports]] organized within a particular institution, usually an [[educational institution]], for the purpose of fun and exercise.<ref name=oxf>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140223181356/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/intramural?q=intramural oxforddictionaries.com]</ref> The term, which is common in North America,<ref name="oxf" /> derives from the [[Latin]] words ''intra muros'' meaning "within walls",<ref name="DictDotCom">{{cite web |title=Definition of 'intramural' |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/intramural |access-date=7 February 2014 |work=dictionary.com}}</ref><ref name=MW2>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intramural|title=Definition of 'intramural'|work=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary|access-date=7 February 2014}}</ref> and was used to describe sports matches and contests that took place among teams from "within the walls" of an institution or area. The term dates to the 1840s.<ref name=DictDotCom/><ref name=MW2/> It is contrasted with '''extramural''', [[varsity team|varsity]] or intercollegiate sports, which are played between teams from different educational institutions.<ref>[http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/extramural macmillandictionary.com]</ref> The word '''intermural''', which also correctly means "between institutions",<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/intermural</ref> is a common error for "intramural".<ref>[http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/intermural.html Common Errors in English Usage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723045853/http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/intermural.html |date=2013-07-23 }}, Paul Brians</ref> | |||
'''Intramural sports''' are recreational [[sports]] organized within a particular institution, usually an [[educational institution]], for the purpose of fun and exercise.<ref name=oxf>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140223181356/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/intramural?q=intramural oxforddictionaries.com]</ref> The term, which is | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Elmer D. Mitchell.png|thumb|Elmer D. Mitchell, University of Michigan Director of Intramural Athletics, 1919]] | [[File:Elmer D. Mitchell.png|thumb|Elmer D. Mitchell, University of Michigan Director of Intramural Athletics, 1919]] | ||
The first intramural sports departments were established at [[Ohio State Buckeyes|Ohio State University]] and the [[Michigan Wolverines|University of Michigan]] in 1913.<ref>[http://www.recsports.umich.edu/intramurals/ University of Michigan]</ref> [[Elmer Mitchell]], a graduate student, at the time, was named the first Director of Intramural Sports at the University of Michigan in 1919. The first recreational sports facility in the country opened at the University of Michigan.<ref>[http://www.recsports.umich.edu/promo/dev/ Department of Recreational Sports] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604155931/http://www.recsports.umich.edu/promo/dev/ |date=2010-06-04 }} University of Michigan, retrieved May 24, 2010</ref> Mitchell is considered the "father of intramural sports" and taught a class in intramural sports taken by William Wasson, founder of the National Intramural Association (NIA), the forerunner to the [[National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association]] (NIRSA).<ref>[http://www.nirsa.org/Content/NavigationMenu/AboutUs/History/WilliamWasson/Dr_William_Wasson.htm Dr. William N. Wasson], NIRSA, retrieved May 25, 2010</ref> | |||
Sport within the [[University of Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge]] in England became established in the 19th century,<ref>{{Citation |last=Jones |first=H. S. |title=University and College Sport |date=2000-11-16 |work=The History of the University of Oxford: Volume VII: Nineteenth-Century Oxford, Part 2 |editor-last=Brock |editor-first=M. G. |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199510177.003.0022 |access-date=2025-06-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199510177.003.0022 |isbn=978-0-19-951017-7 |editor2-last=Curthoys |editor2-first=M. C.|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":122">{{Cite book |last=Nigel |first=Fenner |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Cambridge-Sport-Fenners-Nigel-Fenner/dp/1739330404 |title=Cambridge Sport: in Fenner's Hands |publisher=Cambridge Sports Tours |year=2023 |isbn=9781739330408 |quote=At this time, in the second half of the nineteenth century, England was experiencing a sporting revolution that went global, with Cambridge ... having a significant impact. |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Ashley |date=2019-09-12 |title=History of Sport in Cambridge: Cradle of a Leisure Revolution |url=https://www.sport.cam.ac.uk/events/history-sport-cambridge-cradle-leisure-revolution |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=www.sport.cam.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Adrian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aH1PpJFygvsC |title=Football: The First Hundred Years: The Untold Story |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-26912-9 |pages=41-45, 150-151 |language=en}}</ref> although the earliest references to [[medieval football]] at the universities date back to the 14th century, originating from [[English public school football games]].<ref name="marples">{{cite book |last=Marples |first=Morris |title=A History of Football |publisher=Secker and Warburg |year=1954 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Magoun |first=F. P. |date=1929 |title=Football in Medieval England and in Middle-English Literature |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1838470 |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=33–45 |doi=10.2307/1838470 |issn=0002-8762}}</ref> | |||
The first intramural sports departments were established in the United States in the 20th century at [[Ohio State Buckeyes|Ohio State University]] and the [[Michigan Wolverines|University of Michigan]] in 1913.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breif History of the Intramural Movement - ProQuest |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/d995d0905f00330fa60ff180ca4e69ea/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2030480 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.proquest.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://www.recsports.umich.edu/intramurals/ University of Michigan]</ref> [[Elmer Mitchell]], a graduate student, at the time, was named the first Director of Intramural Sports at the University of Michigan in 1919. The first recreational sports facility in the country opened at the University of Michigan.<ref>[http://www.recsports.umich.edu/promo/dev/ Department of Recreational Sports] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604155931/http://www.recsports.umich.edu/promo/dev/ |date=2010-06-04 }} University of Michigan, retrieved May 24, 2010</ref> Mitchell is considered the "father of intramural sports" and taught a class in intramural sports taken by William Wasson, founder of the National Intramural Association (NIA), the forerunner to the [[National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association]] (NIRSA).<ref>[http://www.nirsa.org/Content/NavigationMenu/AboutUs/History/WilliamWasson/Dr_William_Wasson.htm Dr. William N. Wasson], NIRSA, retrieved May 25, 2010</ref> | |||
Mitchell later authored ''Intramural Athletics'' (ED Mitchell - AS Barnes, 1928), and ''Intramural Sports''.<ref>New York, A.S. Barnes and company, 1939</ref> He co-authored ''Intramural Sports'' with Pat Mueller.<ref>New York, Ronald Press Co. 1960</ref> | Mitchell later authored ''Intramural Athletics'' (ED Mitchell - AS Barnes, 1928), and ''Intramural Sports''.<ref>New York, A.S. Barnes and company, 1939</ref> He co-authored ''Intramural Sports'' with Pat Mueller.<ref>New York, Ronald Press Co. 1960</ref> | ||
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==In the United States== | ==In the United States== | ||
NIRSA: Leaders in Collegiate Recreation, formerly known as the National Intramural Recreational Sports Association, a professional organization based in [[Corvallis, Oregon]], provides a network of more than 4,500 highly trained professionals, students and Associate Members in the recreational sports field throughout the United States, Canada and other countries. In most of the world outside North America, [[sports scholarship]]s and college sports on the North American model do not exist so the distinction between college and intramural sports | {{See also|Collegiate club sports in the United States}} | ||
NIRSA: Leaders in Collegiate Recreation, formerly known as the National Intramural Recreational Sports Association, a professional organization based in [[Corvallis, Oregon]], provides a network of more than 4,500 highly trained professionals, students and Associate Members in the recreational sports field throughout the United States, Canada and other countries. In most of the world outside North America, [[sports scholarship]]s and college sports on the North American model do not exist so the distinction between college and intramural sports is not as significant. | |||
==In Canada== | ==In Canada== | ||
The [[Canadian Intramural Recreation Association]] (CIRA) organized intramurals within Canada | The [[Canadian Intramural Recreation Association]] (CIRA) organized intramurals within Canada from 1976 to 2002. CIRA Ontario has been the major intramural organization in the Canadian province of Ontario since 1969. CIRA Ontario is an incorporated, non-profit organization whose mission is to encourage, promote, and develop active living, healthy lifestyles and personal growth through intramural and recreation programs within the education and recreation communities. They fulfill their mandate through resources, workshops, conferences, newsletters, awards, and other means.<ref>[http://www.ciraontario.com CIRA Ontario]</ref> | ||
from 1976 to 2002. CIRA Ontario has been the major intramural organization in the Canadian province of Ontario since 1969. CIRA Ontario is an incorporated, non-profit organization whose mission is to encourage, promote, and develop active living, healthy lifestyles and personal growth through intramural and recreation programs within the education and recreation communities. They fulfill their mandate through resources, workshops, conferences, newsletters, awards, and other means.<ref>[http://www.ciraontario.com CIRA Ontario]</ref> | |||
== In the United Kingdom == | |||
[[Universities in the United Kingdom]] offer recreational sports within the university. At [[Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom|universities with constituent colleges]], particularly [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] (collectively termed [[Oxbridge]]) and also [[Durham University]], recreational sport takes place between colleges ("college sport", "inter-collegiate sport" or "college teams").<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-26 |title=Sport at Cambridge |url=https://www.sport.cam.ac.uk/sport |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.sport.cam.ac.uk |language=en |quote=College Sport ... Inter-collegiate sport...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sport |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/undergraduate/student-life/do-what-you-love/sport |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.ox.ac.uk |language=en |quote=competitions between colleges ... college sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Sports |url=https://www.durham.ac.uk/colleges-and-student-experience/enrichment-activities/sports/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.durham.ac.uk |language=en-gb |quote=college teams ... college structure offers ... the largest internal sports programme in Britain.}}</ref> More generally, recreational sport within a university in the United Kingdom is often called intramural sport.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intramural Sports Leagues |url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/sport/get-active/intramural-sports-leagues.aspx |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=University of Nottingham}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intramural Sport |url=https://www.eusu.ed.ac.uk/intramural/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=University of Edinburgh Sports' Union}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intramural Sport |url=https://www.ncl.ac.uk/sport/sport-and-fitness/intramural/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=Newcastle University |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is intramural sport? |url=https://sid.exeter.ac.uk/faqs/GuestFaq.aspx?code=608 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=University of Exeter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intramural Sport |url=https://www.wlv.ac.uk/university-life/wlv-sport/activecampus/intramural-sport/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=University of Wolverhampton}}</ref> Recreational sport exists alongside [[List of British and Irish varsity matches|varsity matches]] with rival universities and inter-university competitions organized by [[British Universities and Colleges Sport]] (BUCS).<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-06 |title=UK University Varsity: Everything You Need To Know |url=https://www.studentsportcompany.com/news/uk-university-varsity-everything-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=The Student Sport Company |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=University sports teams and elite sports |url=https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/student-advice/where-to-study/university-sports-teams-and-elite-sports |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[College | * [[College sports]] | ||
* [[Physical education class]] | * [[Physical education class]] | ||
* [[Team sport]] | * [[Team sport]] | ||
Latest revision as of 07:18, 30 June 2025
Template:Short description Intramural sports are recreational sports organized within a particular institution, usually an educational institution, for the purpose of fun and exercise.[1] The term, which is common in North America,[1] derives from the Latin words intra muros meaning "within walls",[2][3] and was used to describe sports matches and contests that took place among teams from "within the walls" of an institution or area. The term dates to the 1840s.[2][3] It is contrasted with extramural, varsity or intercollegiate sports, which are played between teams from different educational institutions.[4] The word intermural, which also correctly means "between institutions",[5] is a common error for "intramural".[6]
History
Sport within the University of Oxford and University of Cambridge in England became established in the 19th century,[7][8][9] although the earliest references to medieval football at the universities date back to the 14th century, originating from English public school football games.[10][11]
The first intramural sports departments were established in the United States in the 20th century at Ohio State University and the University of Michigan in 1913.[12][13] Elmer Mitchell, a graduate student, at the time, was named the first Director of Intramural Sports at the University of Michigan in 1919. The first recreational sports facility in the country opened at the University of Michigan.[14] Mitchell is considered the "father of intramural sports" and taught a class in intramural sports taken by William Wasson, founder of the National Intramural Association (NIA), the forerunner to the National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA).[15]
Mitchell later authored Intramural Athletics (ED Mitchell - AS Barnes, 1928), and Intramural Sports.[16] He co-authored Intramural Sports with Pat Mueller.[17]
Today, "intramural" tournaments are still organized within a specific community or municipal area, between teams of equivalent age or athletic ability. For example, intramural sports programs are often organized on college campuses to promote competition and fun among the students and teachers sometimes.
For most schools and campuses, intramural sports are used to promote wellness and allow students who do not compete on a national (NCAA) level an opportunity to be active.
In the United States
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". NIRSA: Leaders in Collegiate Recreation, formerly known as the National Intramural Recreational Sports Association, a professional organization based in Corvallis, Oregon, provides a network of more than 4,500 highly trained professionals, students and Associate Members in the recreational sports field throughout the United States, Canada and other countries. In most of the world outside North America, sports scholarships and college sports on the North American model do not exist so the distinction between college and intramural sports is not as significant.
In Canada
The Canadian Intramural Recreation Association (CIRA) organized intramurals within Canada from 1976 to 2002. CIRA Ontario has been the major intramural organization in the Canadian province of Ontario since 1969. CIRA Ontario is an incorporated, non-profit organization whose mission is to encourage, promote, and develop active living, healthy lifestyles and personal growth through intramural and recreation programs within the education and recreation communities. They fulfill their mandate through resources, workshops, conferences, newsletters, awards, and other means.[18]
In the United Kingdom
Universities in the United Kingdom offer recreational sports within the university. At universities with constituent colleges, particularly Oxford and Cambridge (collectively termed Oxbridge) and also Durham University, recreational sport takes place between colleges ("college sport", "inter-collegiate sport" or "college teams").[19][20][21] More generally, recreational sport within a university in the United Kingdom is often called intramural sport.[22][23][24][25][26] Recreational sport exists alongside varsity matches with rival universities and inter-university competitions organized by British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS).[27][28]
See also
References
Further reading
- C. Jensen & S. Overman. Administration and Management of Physical Education and Athletic Programs. 4th edition. Waveland Press, 2003 (Chapter 14, "Intramural Recreation").
- ↑ a b oxforddictionaries.com
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ macmillandictionary.com
- ↑ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/intermural
- ↑ Common Errors in English Usage Template:Webarchive, Paul Brians
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ University of Michigan
- ↑ Department of Recreational Sports Template:Webarchive University of Michigan, retrieved May 24, 2010
- ↑ Dr. William N. Wasson, NIRSA, retrieved May 25, 2010
- ↑ New York, A.S. Barnes and company, 1939
- ↑ New York, Ronald Press Co. 1960
- ↑ CIRA Ontario
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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