{{Short description|City in Zanjan province, Iran}}
{{Short description|City in Zanjan province, Iran}}
{{redirect|Saidiyeh}}{{about|the historical capital of the Ilkhanate||Sultaniya (disambiguation){{!}}Sultaniya|the administrative divisions|Soltaniyeh County|and|Soltaniyeh Rural District}}
{{redirect|Saidiyeh}}{{about|the historical capital of the Ilkhanate||Sultaniya (disambiguation){{!}}Sultaniya|the administrative divisions|Soltaniyeh County|and|Soltaniyeh Rural District|the former administrative division of Abhar County|Soltaniyeh District}}
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.434167&mlon=48.794444&zoom=15#map=15/36.43417/48.79444|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Soltaniyeh, Soltaniyeh County|date=10 September 2024|access-date=10 September 2024|lang=fa}}</ref>
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.434167&mlon=48.794444&zoom=15#map=15/36.43417/48.79444|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Ghal'e Soltaniye, دهستان سلطانیه, بخش مرکزی [Soltaniyeh Rural District, Central District], Soltanieh County, Zanjan Province, Iran|date=10 September 2024|access-date=10 September 2024|lang=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Google Maps |title=CQMV+MQ8 Soltaniyeh, Zanjan Province, Iran |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/36°26'03.0%22N+48°47'40.0%22E/@36.434167,48.794444,4442m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d36.434167!4d48.794444?hl=en&entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDYyMy4yIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D |access-date=26 June 2025}}</ref>
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Iran]]
|subdivision_name = [[Iran]]
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'''Soltaniyeh''' ({{langx|fa|سلطانيه}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Solţāneyyeh''' and '''Solţānīyeh'''; also known as '''Sa‘īdīyeh''', '''Sultaniye''', and '''Sultānīyeh'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3081931}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Soltaniyeh County)|Central District]] of [[Soltaniyeh County]],{{efn|Formerly [[Soltaniyeh County|Soltaniyeh District]] of [[Abhar County]]<ref name="Soltaniyeh County Establishment"/>}} [[Zanjan province|Zanjan]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of both the county<ref name="Soltaniyeh County Establishment"/> and the district.
'''Soltaniyeh''' ({{langx|fa|سلطانيه}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Solţāneyyeh''' and '''Solţānīyeh'''; also known as '''Sa‘īdīyeh''', '''Sultaniye''', and '''Sultānīyeh'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3081931}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Soltaniyeh County)|Central District]] of [[Soltaniyeh County]], [[Zanjan province|Zanjan]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Soltaniyeh County Establishment"> {{cite web |first=Mohammad Reza |last=Rahimi |author-link=Mohammad Reza Rahimi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|تاریخ تصویب}} (Approval date) 1392/03/29 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=19 June 2013 <!-- Converted 'Approval date' using https://www.iranchamber.com/calendar/converter/iranian_calendar_converter.php --> |script-title=fa:اصلاحات تقسیماتی در استان زنجان |trans-title=Divisional reforms in Zanjan province |url=https://davoudabadi.ir/page/79673104 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625165518/https://davoudabadi.ir/page/79673104 |archive-date=25 June 2025 |access-date=25 June 2025 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مهدی داودآبادی}} [Mehdi Davudabadi] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|هیات وزیران}} [Council of Ministers] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|پیشنهاد شماره}} [Proposal Number] 131110/42/4/1.}}</ref>
== History ==
== History ==
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==Demographics==
==Demographics==
===Population===
===Population===
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 5,864 in 1,649 households,<ref name="2006 Zanjan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Zanjan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/19.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920091748/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/19.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> when it was in [[Soltaniyeh County|Soltaniyeh District]]{{efn|Renamed [[Soltaniyeh County]]<ref name="Soltaniyeh County Establishment"/>}} of [[Abhar County]].<ref name="Zanjan Province Structure">{{cite report|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of elements and units of the national divisions of Zanjan province, centered in Zanjan city|language=fa|website=lamtakam.com|via=Lam ta Kam|url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113027|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216213100/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113027|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|archive-date=16 December 2023|orig-date=Approved 7 July 1369|date=c. 2023|id=Notification 82844/T141K|access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 7,116 people in 2,013 households.<ref name="2011 Zanjan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Zanjan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Zanjan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121160421/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Zanjan.xls|archive-date=21 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 7,638 people in 2,319 households,<ref name="2016 Zanjan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Zanjan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_19.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427114852/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_19.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> by which time the district had been elevated to the status of [[Soltaniyeh County]].<ref name="Soltaniyeh County Establishment">{{Cite news|title=Zanjan became the owner of a new city and county|url=http://zanjan.irna.ir/html/1392/13920516/80765513.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014172746/http://zanjan.irna.ir/html/1392/13920516/80765513.htm|archive-date=14 October 2013|website=zanjan.irna.ir|via=Islamic Republic News Agency|language=fa|access-date=25 February 2023|date=16 May 1392}}</ref> Soltaniyeh was transferred to the new [[Central District (Soltaniyeh County)|Central District]] as the county's capital.
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 5,864 in 1,649 households,<ref name="2006 Zanjan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان زنجان |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2006: Zanjan Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/19.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920091748/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/19.xls |archive-date=20 September 2011 |format=Excel |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref> when it was capital of the former [[Soltaniyeh District]] of [[Abhar County]].<ref name="Zanjan Province Structure"> {{cite web |first=Hassan |last=Habibi |author-link=Hassan Habibi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|تاریخ تصویب}} (Approval date) 1369/06/21 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=12 September 1990 <!-- Converted 'Approval date' using https://www.iranchamber.com/calendar/converter/iranian_calendar_converter.php --> |script-title=fa:تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوری استان زنجان به مرکزیت شهر زنجان |trans-title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of elements and units of the national divisions of Zanjan province, centered in Zanjan city |url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113027 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216213100/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113027 |archive-date=16 December 2023 |access-date=25 June 2025 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|لام تا کام}} [Lam ta Kam] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت}} [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شناسه}} [ID] 965C7B0D-32D4-4BC6-A126-65D28CD02436. {{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شماره دوره}} [Course number] 69, {{lang|fa|rtl=yes|شماره جلد}} [Volume number] 3.}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 7,116 people in 2,013 households.<ref name="2011 Zanjan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان زنجان |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2011: Zanjan Province |language=fa |website=Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University |url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Zanjan.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121160421/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Zanjan.xls |archive-date=21 January 2023 |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |format=Excel |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 7,638 people in 2,319 households,<ref name="2016 Zanjan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان زنجان |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2016: Zanjan Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_19.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427114852/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_19.xlsx |archive-date=27 April 2022 |format=Excel |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref> by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of [[Soltaniyeh County]]. Soltaniyeh was transferred to the new [[Central District (Soltaniyeh County)|Central District]] as the county's capital.<ref name="Soltaniyeh County Establishment"/>
== Ecclesiastical history ==
== Ecclesiastical history ==
[[File:Sultaniyya, Friday Mosque. Uljaytu, 1300s. François Préault in 1808.jpg|thumb|Sultaniyya, [[Friday Mosque (Soltaniyeh)|Friday Mosque]], built by Uljaytu. A possible prototype of the [[Bibi-Khanym Mosque]]. François Préault in 1808.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Paskaleva |first1=Elena |title=Samarqand’s Congregational Mosque of Bibi Khanum as a Representation of Timurid Legitimacy and Rulership |journal=Manazir Journal |date=9 October 2023 |volume=5 |page=72 |doi=10.36950/manazir.2023.5.4 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374560120_Samarqand's_Congregational_Mosque_of_Bibi_Khanum_as_a_Representation_of_Timurid_Legitimacy_and_Rulership}}</ref>|440x440px]]
[[File:Sultaniyya, Friday Mosque. Uljaytu, 1300s. François Préault in 1808.jpg|thumb|Sultaniyya, [[Friday Mosque (Soltaniyeh)|Friday Mosque]], built by Uljaytu. A possible prototype of the [[Bibi-Khanym Mosque]]. François Préault in 1808.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Paskaleva |first1=Elena |title=Samarqand’s Congregational Mosque of Bibi Khanum as a Representation of Timurid Legitimacy and Rulership |journal=Manazir Journal |date=9 October 2023 |volume=5 |page=72 |doi=10.36950/manazir.2023.5.4 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374560120_Samarqand's_Congregational_Mosque_of_Bibi_Khanum_as_a_Representation_of_Timurid_Legitimacy_and_Rulership}}</ref>|440x440px]]
The city was established as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[episcopal see]] on 1 April 1318 for the Archdiocese of Soltania. In 1329, the [[Latin Diocese of Samarcanda]] became its [[suffragan]] for the [[Chagatai Khanate]], at least until [[Tamerlane]] (founder of the Timurids) swept its see [[Samarkand]]. The archdiocese was suppressed as residential see around 1450.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
On 1 April 1318, due to the [[Catholic Church in Iran|progress of the Persian missions]] of the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] and [[Franciscans|Franciscan orders]], [[pope John XII]] established the '''archdiocese of Soltania''' and separated it from the [[archdiocese of Khanbalik]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Habig |first1=Marion Alphonse |title=In Journeyings Often: Franciscan Pioneers in the Orient |date=1953 |publisher=Franciscan Institute, St. Bonaventure University |page=164 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/In_Journeyings_Often/aCoRAQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Waterfield |first1=Robin E. |title=Christians in Persia: Assyrians, Armenians, Roman Catholics and Protestants |date=2011 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=0042750016 |pages=52-53}}</ref> In 1329, the [[Latin Diocese of Samarcanda]] became its [[suffragan]] for the [[Chagatai Khanate]], at least until [[Tamerlane]] (founder of the Timurids) swept its see [[Samarkand]]. The archdiocese was suppressed as residential see around 1450.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
Soltaniyeh, located some Template:Convert to the north-west of Tehran, was built as the capital of Mongol Ilkhanid rulers of Iran in the 14th century. Its name which refers to the Islamic ruler title sultan translates loosely as "the Regal". Soltaniyeh was visited by Ruy González de Clavijo, who reported that the city was a hub of silk exportation.[2]
William Dalrymple notes that Öljaitü intended Soltaniyeh to be "the largest and most magnificent city in the world" but that it "died with him" and is now "a deserted, crumbling spread of ruins."[3]
Demographics
Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 5,864 in 1,649 households,[4] when it was capital of the former Soltaniyeh District of Abhar County.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 7,116 people in 2,013 households.[6] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 7,638 people in 2,319 households,[7] by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Soltaniyeh County. Soltaniyeh was transferred to the new Central District as the county's capital.[1]
Guillaume Adam, O.P. (1322.10.06 – 1324.10.26); previously Archbishop of Smirna (Smyrna) (Asian Turkey, now İzmir) (1318 – 1322.10.06); later Metropolitan Archbishop of Bar (Montenegro) (1324.10.26 – death 1341)
