Gallic group: Difference between revisions

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The discovery of 20 new moons of Saturn was announced in October 2019 by a team led by Scott S. Sheppard using the [[Subaru Telescope]] at Mauna Kea. One of them, [[S/2004 S 24]], is also prograde and of similar inclination, but it orbits much further away from Saturn than the other Gallic moons. This moon will nevertheless also receive a name from Gallic mythology.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NASA |date=October 7, 2019 |title=Saturn surpasses Jupiter after the discovery of 20 new moons—and you can help name them |url=https://phys.org/news/2019-10-saturn-surpasses-kupiter-discovery-moonsand.html |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
The discovery of 20 new moons of Saturn was announced in October 2019 by a team led by Scott S. Sheppard using the [[Subaru Telescope]] at Mauna Kea. One of them, [[S/2004 S 24]], is also prograde and of similar inclination, but it orbits much further away from Saturn than the other Gallic moons. This moon will nevertheless also receive a name from Gallic mythology.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NASA |date=October 7, 2019 |title=Saturn surpasses Jupiter after the discovery of 20 new moons—and you can help name them |url=https://phys.org/news/2019-10-saturn-surpasses-kupiter-discovery-moonsand.html |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref>


The seventeen members of the group are (in order of increasing distance from Saturn according to JPL mean orbital elements):<ref name="jplsats-elem"/>
The seventeen members of the group are (in order by date announcement):<ref name="jplsats-elem"/>
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
!Name || Diameter (km) || Period (days) || Subgroup<ref>{{cite web |title = Orbital and dynamical data for solar system planets and satellites |url = https://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/solar_system_orb_dyn_data.html |publisher  = Wm. Robert Johnston |access-date = 17 April 2025}}</ref>
!Name || Diameter (km) || Semi-Major Axis (km) || Period (days) || Subgroup<ref>{{cite web |title = Orbital and dynamical data for solar system planets and satellites |url = https://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/solar_system_orb_dyn_data.html |publisher  = Wm. Robert Johnston |access-date = 17 April 2025}}</ref>
|-id=Tarvos <!-- S/2000 S 4 --> bgcolor=#fdf
|[[Tarvos (moon)|Tarvos]] || 16 || {{val|18215600}} || 926.43 || Albiorix
|-id=Erriapus <!-- S/2000 S 10 --> bgcolor=#fdf
|[[Erriapus]] || 12 || {{val|17507000}} || 871.09 || Albiorix
|-id=Albiorix <!-- S/2000 S 11 --> bgcolor=#fdf
|-id=Albiorix <!-- S/2000 S 11 --> bgcolor=#fdf
|[[Albiorix (moon)|Albiorix]] || 28.6 || 783.49 || '''Albiorix'''
|[[Albiorix (moon)|Albiorix]] || 28.6 || {{val|16329100}} || 783.46 || '''Albiorix'''
|-id=S/2020_S_15 bgcolor=#fdf
|S/2020 S 15 || 3 || ''815.52'' || Albiorix
|-id=Bebhionn <!-- S/2004 S 11 --> bgcolor=#fdf
|-id=Bebhionn <!-- S/2004 S 11 --> bgcolor=#fdf
|[[Bebhionn (moon)|Bebhionn]] || 7 || 834.94 || Albiorix
|[[Bebhionn (moon)|Bebhionn]] || 7 || {{val|17027200}} || 834.85 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2004_S_24 bgcolor=#dfd
|[[S/2004 S 24]]{{refn | group = lower-alpha | Its orbital elements are identical to the other moons in the Gallic group. However, it is more distant}} || 3 || {{val|23339000}} || 1341.34 || Outlier
|-id=S/2004_S_29 bgcolor=#fdf
|[[S/2004 S 29]] || 5 || {{val|17064100}} || 837.78 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2020_S_4 bgcolor=#fdf
|[[S/2020 S 4]]|| 3 || {{val|18236000}} || 926.96 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2006_S_12 bgcolor=#fdf
|[[S/2006 S 12]] || 4 || {{val|19569800}} || 1035.06 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2007_S_8 bgcolor=#fdf
|-id=S/2007_S_8 bgcolor=#fdf
|[[S/2007 S 8]] || 4 || 836.90 || Albiorix
|[[S/2007 S 8]] || 4 || {{val|17049000}} || 836.90 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2004_S_29 bgcolor=#fdf
|-id=S/2005_S_7 bgcolor=#fdf
|[[S/2004 S 29]] || 5 || 837.78 || Albiorix
|S/2005 S 7 || 3 || {{val|18502500}} || 939.75 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2023_S_18 bgcolor=#fdf
|-id=S/2007_S_11 bgcolor=#fdf
|S/2023 S 18 || 3 || ''844.33'' || Albiorix
|S/2007 S 11 || 4 || {{val|17434400}} || 859.53 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2023_S_17 bgcolor=#fdf
|S/2023 S 17 || 3 || ''852.50'' || Albiorix
|-id=S/2019_S_29 bgcolor=#fdf
|-id=S/2019_S_29 bgcolor=#fdf
|S/2019 S 29 || 3 || ''852.85'' || Albiorix
|S/2019 S 29 || 3 || {{val|17353900}} || 853.62 || Albiorix
|-id=Erriapus <!-- S/2000 S 10 --> bgcolor=#fdf
|[[Erriapus]] || 12 || 871.10 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2007_S_11 bgcolor=#fdf
|S/2007 S 11 || 4 || ''871.95'' || Albiorix
|-id=S/2019_S_31 bgcolor=#fdf
|-id=S/2019_S_31 bgcolor=#fdf
|S/2019 S 31 || 3 || ''885.96'' || Albiorix
|S/2019 S 31 || 3 || {{val|17739100}} || 882.24 || Albiorix
|-id=Tarvos <!-- S/2000 S 4 --> bgcolor=#fdf
|[[Tarvos (moon)|Tarvos]] || 16 || 926.37 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2020_S_4 bgcolor=#fdf
|[[S/2020 S 4]]|| 3 || 926.92 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2019_S_34 bgcolor=#fdf
|-id=S/2019_S_34 bgcolor=#fdf
|S/2019 S 34 || 3 || ''925.57'' || Albiorix
|S/2019 S 34 || 3 || {{val|18446800}} || 935.45 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2005_S_7 bgcolor=#fdf
|-id=S/2020_S_15 bgcolor=#fdf
|S/2005 S 7 || 3 || ''957.36'' || Albiorix
|S/2020 S 15 || 3 || {{val|16729200}} || 807.82 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2006_S_12 bgcolor=#fdf
|-id=S/2023_S_17 bgcolor=#fdf
|[[S/2006 S 12]] || 4 || 1035.05 || Albiorix
|S/2023 S 17 || 3 || {{val|17385300}} || 855.94 || Albiorix
|-id=S/2004_S_24 bgcolor=#dfd
|-id=S/2023_S_18 bgcolor=#fdf
|[[S/2004 S 24]]{{refn | group = lower-alpha | Its orbital elements are identical to the other moons in the Gallic group. However, it is more distant}} || 3 || 1341.33 || Outlier
|S/2023 S 18 || 3 || {{val|17381700}} || 855.65 || Albiorix
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 04:12, 29 June 2025

Template:Short description

File:Animation of Saturn's Gallic group of satellites.gif
Animation of Saturn's Gallic group of satellitesTemplate:Legend2Template:Legend2Template:·Template:Legend2Template:·Template:Legend2Template:·Template:Legend2
File:Saturn irregular moon orbits a vs. i.png
Diagram illustrating the orbits of the irregular satellites of Saturn, with major groups and moons labeled. The inclination and semi-major axis are represented on the Y and X-axis, respectively. The satellites with inclinations below 90° are prograde, those above 90° are retrograde. The X-axis is labeled in terms of Saturn's Hill radius.

The Gallic group is a dynamical grouping of the prograde irregular satellites of Saturn following similar orbits. Their semi-major axes range between 16 and 19 Gm, their inclinations between 36° and 41°, and their eccentricities between 0.46 and 0.53. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) reserves names taken from Gallic mythology for these moons.

Similar mean orbital elements led the discoverers to postulate a common origin for the group in a breakup of a larger body.[1] The group was later found to be physically homogeneous, all satellites displaying light-red colour (colour indices B − V = 0.91 and V − R = 0.48)[2] and similar infrared indices.[3]

Remarkably, recent observations revealed that the largest member of the group, Albiorix, actually displays two different colours: one compatible with Erriapus and Tarvos, and another less red. Instead of the common progenitor, it was postulated that Tarvos and Erriapus could be fragments of Albiorix, leaving a large, less red crater.[4] Such an impact would require a body with the diameter in excess of 1.25 km and relative velocity of 4.79 km/s, resulting in a large crater with the radius of 12 km. Numerous, very large craters observed on Phoebe, prove the existence of such collisions in the Saturnian system's past.

The discovery of 20 new moons of Saturn was announced in October 2019 by a team led by Scott S. Sheppard using the Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea. One of them, S/2004 S 24, is also prograde and of similar inclination, but it orbits much further away from Saturn than the other Gallic moons. This moon will nevertheless also receive a name from Gallic mythology.[5]

The seventeen members of the group are (in order by date announcement):[6]

Name Diameter (km) Semi-Major Axis (km) Period (days) Subgroup[7]
Tarvos 16 Template:Val 926.43 Albiorix
Erriapus 12 Template:Val 871.09 Albiorix
Albiorix 28.6 Template:Val 783.46 Albiorix
Bebhionn 7 Template:Val 834.85 Albiorix
S/2004 S 24Template:Refn 3 Template:Val 1341.34 Outlier
S/2004 S 29 5 Template:Val 837.78 Albiorix
S/2020 S 4 3 Template:Val 926.96 Albiorix
S/2006 S 12 4 Template:Val 1035.06 Albiorix
S/2007 S 8 4 Template:Val 836.90 Albiorix
S/2005 S 7 3 Template:Val 939.75 Albiorix
S/2007 S 11 4 Template:Val 859.53 Albiorix
S/2019 S 29 3 Template:Val 853.62 Albiorix
S/2019 S 31 3 Template:Val 882.24 Albiorix
S/2019 S 34 3 Template:Val 935.45 Albiorix
S/2020 S 15 3 Template:Val 807.82 Albiorix
S/2023 S 17 3 Template:Val 855.94 Albiorix
S/2023 S 18 3 Template:Val 855.65 Albiorix

See also

Notes

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References

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External links

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named jplsats-elem
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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