MG 3 machine gun: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 04:53, 28 June 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:Redirect-distinguish Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

The Rheinmetall MG 3 is a German general-purpose machine gun chambered for the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge. Manufactured by Rheinmetall for the Bundeswehr, designed and derived from the World War II era MG 42 that fired the 7.92×57mm Mauser round.^[1]

The MG 3 was standardized in the late 1950s and adopted into service with the newly formed Bundeswehr, where it continues to serve to this day as a squad support weapon and a vehicle-mounted machine gun.

The MG 3 and its derivatives have also been acquired by the armed forces of over 40 countries. Production rights to the machine gun were purchased by Italy (Template:Ill), Spain, Pakistan (as the MG 1A3), Greece, Iran, Sudan, and Turkey.^[2]

History

File:West German Mechanized Infantry.jpg

Soldiers of the West German Bundeswehr on exercise in 1960. Pictured is the predecessor to the MG 3—the MG 1A3 variant. The soldier on the right is carrying a G3 battle rifle. In the rear stands a SPz 11-2

At the end of World War II the original technical drawings and data for the 7.92×57mm Mauser–chambered MG 42 were captured by the Soviets. These would later be taken to Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Rheinmetall had to reverse engineer the first postwar machine guns from an original MG 42 machine gun.^[3]

Production of the first postwar variant of the MG 42 chambered for 7.62×51mm NATO ammunition (designated the MG 1) was launched in 1958 at the Rheinmetall arms factory as requested by the Bundeswehr. Shortly thereafter, the machine gun was modified, receiving a chrome-lined barrel and sights properly calibrated for the new round; this model would be named the MG 1A1 (also known as the MG 42/58).

The MG 1A2 (also known as the MG 42/59) is a further development of the MG 1A1, which had a heavier bolt (Template:Convert for a slower 700–900 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire, compared to Template:Convert), and a new friction ring buffer made suitable for using the heavier bolt. The MG 1A2 added new bolt-bounce preventing bolt catches to the action to resolve the ammunition ignition timing sensitivity of the preceding variants and was adapted to use both the standard German non-disintegrating Patronengurt DM1 ammunition belt and the American M13 disintegrating belt. The MG 1A3 features further improvements to the muzzle device, bipod and bolt.

Simultaneously, wartime 7.92×57mm Mauser chambered MG 42 machine guns that remained in service were converted to the standard 7.62×51mm NATO chambering and designated MG 2.

In 1968, the MG 3 was introduced and entered production. Compared to the MG 1A3, the MG 3 features an improved feeding mechanism with a belt retaining pawl to hold the belt up to the gun when the top cover plate is lifted, an added anti-aircraft sight and a new ammunition box. MG 3s were produced for Germany and for export customers by Rheinmetall until 1979. The preceding non–MG 3 variant machine guns in the Bundeswehr inventory were gradually converted to the MG 3 standard. Some additional production of the MG 3 in Germany was carried out by Heckler & Koch.^[4] The MG 3 and its variants all share a high level of parts interchangeability with the original MG 42.

MG 3s continue to be produced in Turkey and Pakistan.^[5] In 2019 there were plans in Germany to produce several thousand new MG 3 receivers to keep using vehicle mounted MG 3s in the low level anti-aircraft (designated MG 3A0A1) and turret mounted (designated MG 3A1A1) roles in the near future.^[6]

Deployment

The MG 3 is still used as the standard secondary weapon of most modern German armoured fighting vehicle designs (e.g. Leopard 2, PzH 2000, Marder), as a primary weapon on light/non-armoured vehicles (e.g. LKW 2to, MAN gl-trucks, ATF Dingo) and as an infantry weapon on light bipods as well as different tripods. The German Armed Forces have supplemented the MG 3 since 2015 with the Heckler & Koch MG5 in service.

Reliability

In 1974 the US Army tested German made MG 3s alongside eight other contemporary GPMG designs to replace the then-in-service M219 Tank Machine Gun, which was considered unacceptably unreliable by the US Army. The MG 3 had worse results in mean rounds between failure (where it was the third worst entrant), mean rounds between stoppage (where it was the fourth worst entrant), cookoff rate (where it was the worst entrant), and accuracy (where it was the worst entrant) than the M60 and FN MAG. The only categories in which the MG 3 outperformed both the M60 and FN MAG were in ease of training, ease of changing barrels, and safety. The MG 3 was overall sixth of nine candidates in an unweighted ranking, and it was considered that no reasonable combination of attribute rankings existed in which it would be the winner of the contest.^[7]

Operational use

File:MG3 Training.JPEG

German soldier and U.S. Marine training with an MG 3

The German military instructs that sustained fire must be avoided at all costs. In the bipod mounted light machine gun role MG 3 users are trained to fire short bursts of 3 to 5 rounds and strive to optimize their aim between bursts fired in succession. In the tripod mounted medium machine gun role, MG 3 users are trained to fire both short bursts and longer bursts of 20 to 30 rounds and strive to optimize their aim between successive bursts.^[8]^[9] The Bundeswehr trains soldiers to replace the barrel of the MG 3 after 150 live rounds (or 100 blank rounds) after sustained heavy fire, with a new, cooler one; only once the barrel is hand-warm (able to be held with the bare hand for 30 seconds) can a barrel be reused. Replacing the barrel is a simple procedure on the MG 3. Non-observance of this technical limitation renders the barrel prematurely unusable. Care must be taken when replacing the barrel as after extended cyclical fire, the barrel can be dangerously hot, potentially approaching white hot. The machine gun crew member responsible for a hot barrel change is issued protective asbestos gloves or a cloth to prevent burns to the hands.^[9] The effective rate of fire is about 250 rounds per minute.^[10] Some other machineguns have thermally insulated grips attached to their quick-change barrel, at least going back to the ZB vz. 26 design of 1926.

Design details

Template:More citations needed section The MG 3 has an automatic-only trigger mechanism and a cross-bolt safety in the form of a button that is operated by the shooting hand (in its "safe" position the bolt release is disabled). The MG 3 fires from an open bolt. The cyclic rate can be altered by installing different bolts and recoil springs. A heavier bolt uses more recoil energy to overcome inertia, thus slowing the action. On MG 3 machine guns, two types of bolts are available, with standard weight (about Template:Convert) for the standard 1,000–1,200 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire^[11] and with extra weight (about Template:Convert) for a slower 800–950 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire. Those bolts also are used along with different return springs.^[3]

Operating mechanism

The MG 3 is an automatic, air-cooled, belt-fed short recoil–operated firearm. It features a roller locked bolt mechanism that consists of the bolt head, a pair of rollers, the striker sleeve, bolt body and return spring. The bolt is locked securely by a wedge-shaped striker sleeve, which forces two cylindrical rollers contained in the bolt head outward, and into corresponding recesses in the extension of the breech of the barrel. On firing, both the barrel and barrel extension recoil to the rear. The resulting impact (much like a Newton's cradle) moves the carrier to the rear, withdrawing the wedge and both rollers as they are cammed inward and out of their sockets by fixed cams, unlocking the bolt head. The bolt carrier and bolt then continue to the rear together guided by fixed guides while the barrel and barrel extension return to battery. Upon return of the bolt forward, the impact of the rollers against the camming surfaces on the breech carry the rollers from their seats, and, together with the surfaces on the striker sleeve, force the rollers outward, locking the bolt head into the barrel extension and ensuring a complete lock. The bolt also houses a spring-loaded casing extractor and ejector. Ejection is carried out when the ejector strikes the buffer head, sending a push forward through the ejector bar, which hits the ejector pin. This pin pushes the top of the base of the cartridge, which is still held by the extractor at the base, causing the empty casing to rotate and eject downward through the ejection chute.

MG 3 roller-locked boosted short recoil action diagram

MG 3 roller-locked boosted short recoil action diagram
Parts of a German MG 3

Parts of a German MG 3
Markings on an original MG 42 retrofitted to a MG 3

Markings on an original MG 42 retrofitted to a MG 3

Barrel

The MG 3 has a quick-change, chrome-lined barrel with four right-hand grooves and a rifling twist rate of 1 in 305 mm (1:12 in) and weighs Template:Convert. Alternatively, MG 3 barrels can also have polygonal rifling. The barrel is integrated with the barrel breech. During sustained firing, there is a need for the barrel to be changed and this is how they are swapped: The gun is cocked and the barrel catch on the right of the barrel shroud is swung forward. Then, the breech end of the hot barrel swings out and can be removed by elevating or twisting the gun. A fresh barrel would be inserted through the barrel catch and the muzzle bearing. When the catch is rotated back, the barrel is locked and the machine gun can resume firing. Both the receiver housing and ventilated barrel casing are made from pressed sheet steel. The machine gun crew member responsible for a hot barrel change is issued protective asbestos gloves to prevent getting burned. A muzzle device is mounted at the end of the barrel and it acts as a flash suppressor, muzzle brake and recoil booster.

Feeding system

File:MG3.jpg

MG 3 of the German Army

The MG 3 feeds from the left side through a feed block using a metal 50-round drum that uses a non-disintegrating metallic-link DM1 belts (Patronengurt DM1) ammunition belts (which have links that wrap around the cartridge case and are linked by a coiling wire on each side) or disintegrating-link M13 or DM6 belts.

In the light machine gun role, the MG 3 is deployed with a 100-round (or 120-round in case of disintegrating belts) belt fitted inside a synthetic ammunition drum developed by Heckler & Koch that is latched on to the left side of the receiver. The rear wall of the drum is transparent and serves as a visual indicator for the amount of ammunition available. The feed system operates through a feed arm that is housed in the feed cover. Two feed pawls are linked to the front end of the arm by an intermediate link and move in opposite directions, moving the belt in two stages as the bolt moves back and forward during firing.

DM1 belts are intended for multiple reuse and in terms of design are based on and derived from the last version of the Gurt 34/41-belt family used in World War II in MG 34 and MG 42 machine guns.^[12] DM1 belts are preloaded at ammunition factories in 50-round connectable belt lengths and can be linked to any length necessary. Spent cartridge cases are ejected downwards, and the emptied links are transported to the right.

Alternatively the MG 3 can also be fed by disintegrating metal M13 link belts (designated DM60 by Germany) used by many NATO member states. M13 links are also used on the Dillon M134D Minigun, M60, FN MAG, HK21 and MG5 machine guns among others. The disintegrating metal belt is fed from the left side. Ejection of empty M13 links is to the right side, and spent cartridge cases are ejected downwards. The inexpensive M13 links are considered disposable.

Both belt types are of push-through type and use a metal lip that is arrested in the rim of the cartridges to correctly position and fix the cartridges in place. The feeding system is based on the direct push-through of the cartridge out of the belt link into the gun's chamber. Feed is performed in two steps by a pawl-type feeding mechanism that continues to move the belt during both the rearward and forward cycles of the reciprocating bolt, producing a smooth belt flow.

For field use there are several ammunition containers available. The Gurttrommel (belt drum) contains a 50-round DM1 or DM60 belt. The Gurttrommel is not a true magazine but holds a curled 50-round belt preventing it from snagging, twisting and getting stuck during mobile assaults. The steel DM2 ammunition box contains a 250-round DM1 belt and the smaller plastic DM40004 ammunition box contains a 100-round DM1 belt or a 120-round DM60/M13 belt. The German military tends to use non-disintegrating DM1 belts for general use and disintegrating DM60/M13 belts in vehicle or aircraft fixed MG 3 mountings that allow for collecting the ejected link pieces for reuse.

Method of joining German non-disintegrating metallic-link ammunition machine gun belts

Method of joining German non-disintegrating metallic-link ammunition machine gun belts
Non-disintegrating metal DM1 belt

Non-disintegrating metal DM1 belt
Disintegrating metal M13 link belt (designated DM60 by Germany)

Disintegrating metal M13 link belt (designated DM60 by Germany)

Sights

The open-type iron sight line has a relatively short Template:Convert radius and consists of a "∧-type" height adjustable front sight on a folding post and a leaf rear sight with an open V-notch sliding on a ramp, graduated from Template:Convert in Template:Convert increments. A flip-up anti-aircraft sight is attached to the receiver top just in front of the normal rear sight element.

Danish C79 LMG Optic

As an iron sighting line alternative, the Danish military uses a 3.4×28 optical sight mounted on top of the receiver which can be set from Template:Convert in Template:Convert increments on their MG 3 (designated as M/62) and later M/60E6. What sets the Danish C79 LMG Optic designated as M/98 apart from the standard C79 optical sight is its unique reticle of a chevron with a height of 12,5 TS and two TS line left and right with a length of 7,5 TS beginning 2,5 TS away from the tip of the chevron. The sight designated as M/99 is also available in a night vision configuration.^[13]

Bipod and tripod

File:ILÜ 2012 - MG3.jpg

MG 3 seen here in the stationary, heavy machine gun role, mounted on a stabilized Feldlafette tripod and fitted with an optical Zielfernrohr 4 × 24 periscope sight

For the light machine gun role the MG 3 is equipped with a synthetic polymer stock and a folding bipod.

In a stationary, heavy machine gun role the MG 3 is mounted on a buffered Feldlafette ("field tripod") that also features storage containers for accessories like the Zielfernrohr 4 × 24 periscope-style telescopic sight. The direct fire only Zielfernrohr 4 × 24 sight like the MG 3 is mounted on the Feldlafette and is graduated from Template:Convert in Template:Convert increments. The Zielfernrohr 4 × 24 reticle can be illuminated by an external unit. It can also be used with the FERO-Z 51 night sight.^[8]^[9]

A feature of the German World War II Lafette 42 tripod that was not carried over to the MG 3 Feldlafette was the Tiefenfeuerautomat ("in-depth automatic fire"). If selected, this feature walked the fire in wave like motions up and down the range between predefined ranges. This sweeping of a given range (Tiefenfeuer – "in-depth fire") continued as long as the gun was fired.

Variants

File:MG3 Tripod.JPEG

MG 3 in the heavy machine gun setup on a Feldlafette tripod with mounted optical sight

File:2019-06-15 152818 Tag der Bundeswehr.jpg

Vehicle-mounted MG 3 at the Bundeswehr Day in 2019

MG 1: Rheinmetall variant of the MG 42, most notably rechambered to fire 7.62×51mm NATO.
MG 1A1 (MG 42/58): As MG 1, but with sights properly calibrated for the new round. Sights refitted to existing MG 1s.
MG 1A2 (MG 42/59): MG 1A1 variant; product improved with longer ejection port, heavy bolt and friction ring buffer.
MG 1A3: MG 1A2 variant; product improvement of all major components.
MG 1A4: MG 1 variant; for fixed mount armour use.
MG 1A5: MG 1A3 variant; MG1A3s converted to MG1A4 standard.
MG 2: Designation for all wartime MG 42s rechambered to 7.62×51mm NATO.
MG 3: MG 1A3 variant; product improved with AA rear sight.
MG 3E: MG 3 variant; reduced weight model (roughly 1.3 kg lighter), entered into late 1970s NATO small arms trials.
MG 3A1: MG 3 variant; for fixed mount armour use.
MG 3KWS: MG 3 variant; developed by Rheinmetall and Tactics Group as a stand in until the HK121 replaces it.^[14]
MG 42/59: Italian variant produced by Beretta, Whitehead Motofides and Franchi, since 1959, Chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO. The bolt weight was increased to Template:Convert) for a reduced 800 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire. Used mainly mounted on vehicles and has largely been phased out by the FN Minimi.
Ksp m/94: Swedish variant chambered with the 7.62×51mm NATO round. Mainly used as secondary armament in Stridsvagn 122.

Derivatives

The Rheinmetall RMG 7.62 is a mounted machine gun based from the Rheinmetall MG 3 with three rotating barrels (to reduce barrel erosion and overheating) is under development as a vehicle weapon. Only one barrel is active at a time: after one barrel overheats, it is rotated out for a cool one.

The MG14z is a double barrel derivative of the Rheinmetall MG 3 with two MG 3 receivers paired together. The MG14z enhances the firepower of military units that still issue the MG 3 or other MG 42 derivatives. It has been developed by the Tactics Group GmbH company as "a low-cost alternative to Miniguns".^[15]

Users

File:MG 3 Users.png

Map with MG 3 users in blue

File:Austrian forces at Combined Resolve II (14236022975).jpg

Austrian Army soldiers with an Template:Ill and a Steyr AUG during the 2014 Combined Resolve II training exercise

File:Poligono Mg.jpg

Italian soldier with an Template:Ill produced by Beretta

File:IVECO - OTO Melara Centauro B1 close up.JPEG

Italy employs the MG 42/59 primarily on vehicles and rotary-wing aircraft. Seen here mounted on the B1 Centauro wheeled tank destroyer

File:Norwegian soldier - Battle Griffin 2005.jpg

A pintle-mounted MG 3A1 on a Norwegian Leopard 1 armoured recovery vehicle

File:A SMG produced at POF WAH.jpg

MG 3 manufactured under license by Pakistan Ordnance Factories

File:MG-3 Infantería de Marina.JPG

Spanish Marines with an MG 3 manufactured by General Dynamics Santa Bárbara Sistemas

File:UA marines with MG3 and Mastiff 1.jpg

Ukrainian Naval Infantry with an MG 3 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Template:Country data Afghanistan: Used by the Mujahideen and Taliban^[16]
Template:Country data Albania: Used by the Albanian Army.^[17]
Template:Country data Argentina: Used by the Argentine Army.^[18]
Template:Country data Australia: The MG 3 was used between 1976 and 2007 as an anti-aircraft weapon on the Australian Army's Leopard AS1 MBT.^[19]
Template:Country data Austria: Uses the Template:Ill which is a Template:Ill variant licensed from Beretta and manufactured by Steyr Mannlicher. The Template:Ill's cyclic rate of fire is 850 rounds per minute.^[20]
Template:Country data Azerbaijan: The Military of Azerbaijan acquired a small quantity of MKEK MG 3s from Turkey.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Bangladesh^[21]
Template:Country data Brazil: MG 3 and MG 3A1 are used by the Brazilian Army at the Leopard 1A5 BR.^[22]
Template:Country data Canada: Only used on 20 Leopard 2A6M CAN tanks acquired from Germany.^[23] Leopard 2s acquired from other sources will continue to use the FN MAG.
Template:Country data Cape Verde^[24]
Template:Country data Chile^[25]
Template:Country data Cyprus^[26]
Template:Country data Czech Republic: Used on Dingo 2.^[27]
Template:Country data Denmark: Template:Ill designated M/62 in Danish service.^[28]
Template:Country data Estonia^[29] Designated as MG 3. MG 1A3 version with the anti-aircraft sight.
Template:Country data Finland: As the 7.62 KK MG 3. Used with the Leopard 2 tanks and NH90 helicopters.^[30]
Template:Country data Germany: Used by the Bundeswehr.^[24]
Template:Country data GhanaScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Greece: License production by Hellenic Defence Systems (also known as EAS).^[3]^[18]
Template:Country data Iceland: Used by the Icelandic Coast Guard.^[31]
Template:Country data Indonesia: License production.^[32]
Template:Country data Iran: License production by Defense Industries Organization as the MGA3. Used by Iranian Army. Installed on Zulfiqar MBT.^[25]^[33]
Template:KUR: Peshmerga of Iraqi Kurdistan autonomous region, 40 MG 3s supplied by Germany and 100 Template:Ill by Italy.^[34]
Template:Country data Italy: License production of the Template:Ill by Beretta with parts made by Whitehead Motofides and Luigi Franchi; while largely replaced in squad support weapon role by the Belgian FN Minimi, it still sees widespread mounted use on ground-based vehicles and helicopters.^[25]^[35] Prior to the procurement of the Minimi, the Stabilimento Militare Armi Leggere (SMAL) at Terni has developed a kit to adapt the Italian Army's existing Template:Ill machine guns to accommodate 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition. The kit comprises a new barrel, bolt head, feed opening and cover, recoil-enhancing element and a lighter bolt. The weight of the modified 5.56 mm Template:Ill machine gun remains unchanged from the original version.
Template:Country data Latvia: used by the Latvian Land Forces.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Libya^[32]
Template:Country data Lithuania: used by the Lithuanian Armed Forces.^[36]
Template:Country data Mexico: License produced by SEDENA in Mexico.^[37]
Template:Country data Myanmar^[24] Clones made in Myanmar as the MA 15.^[38]
Template:Country data Niger^[39]
Template:Country data Nigeria^[40]
Template:Country data Norway^[24] In use by the Home Guard and Navy. Replaced in Army service by the FN Minimi and FN MAG in 2019.
Template:Country data Pakistan: Used by the Pakistan Army. Manufactured under license by Pakistan Ordnance Factories from 1960s in Wah Cantt.^[41]
Template:Country data Philippines: Used by the Philippine National Police.^[42]
Template:Country data Poland: On Leopard 2 tanks and support vehicles. Intended to be replaced by UKM-2000 and WKM-B.^[43]
Template:Country data Portugal^[25]
Template:Country data Sao Tome and Principe^[24]
Template:Country data Saudi Arabia^[24]
Template:Country data Slovakia: Mounted on Leopard 2A4.^[44]
Template:Country data Spain: Made under license.^[25]
Template:Country data Sri Lanka Used by the Sri Lankan Armed Forces in limited numbers.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Sudan: Made by Military Industry Corporation as the Karar.^[45]
Template:Country data Sweden: As the KSP m/94. Used with the Leopard 2 tanks.^[46]
Template:Country data Thailand: Used on Commando V-150 APC.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Togo^[24]
Template:Country data Tunisia^[32]
Template:Country data Turkey: Made by MKEK in Kırıkkale under license since 1974^[2] for the Turkish Armed Forces and Turkish Gendarmerie.^[47]
Template:Country data Ukraine: Ukrainian armed forces have been given MG 3 to aid them in the Russian invasion of 2022.^[48] At least 130 MG 3 have been provided by Germany.^[49]
Template:Country data Uruguay^[50]
Template:Country data Yemen: pro-Saudi forces and Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.^[51]

Non state users

Conflicts

Myanmar Conflict (1948 - present)
Nigerian Civil War (1967 - 1970)
The Troubles (1960's - 1990's)
Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)^[54]
Lebanese Civil War (1975 - 1990)
Kurdistan Workers Party Insurgency (1978 - present)
Afghan Conflict (1978 - present)
Iran–Iraq War (1980 - 1988)
Second Sudanese Civil War (1983 - 2005)^[55]
Somali Civil War (1988 - present)
Afghan Civil War (1992 - 1996)
Kargil War (1999)
Iraqi Conflict (2003 - present)^[56]
Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004 - present)
Boko Haram insurgency (2009 - present)^[39]
Libyan Crisis (2011 - present)
Syrian Civil War (2011 - present)
Russo-Ukrainian War (2014 - present)^[57]
Yemeni Civil War (2015 - present)^[58]
Myanmar Civil War (2021 - present)

References

Template:Reflist

Citations

Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Template:Sister project

Bimbel.de—MG 3 disassembled
Bimbel.de—MG 3 on mount
MG 3 video
Template:Trim Template:Replace on YouTubeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Machine Gun MG 3 (MG1A3)
ZDv 3–14 Das Maschinengewehr
Das Maschinengewehr MG 3

Template:Rheinmetall Template:General Purpose Machine Guns Template:Current German infantry weapons Template:MG34derivativesNav

↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Template:Cite report
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Alt URL
↑ ^a ^b ^c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link Template:Cbignore
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Template:Cite magazine
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Template:Cite report
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[Woźniak-1] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[mkek-2] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Rheinmetall_Machinengewehr_3-3] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[4] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[5] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[6] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[7] Template:Cite report

[:1-8] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Alt URL

[:2-9] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[10] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link Template:Cbignore

[11] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[12] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[13] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[14] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[all4shooters-15] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[16] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[17] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:0-18] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[hobbyvista-19] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[20] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[21] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[22] Template:Cite magazine

[forces-23] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[jones2009-24] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[g3defencemag-25] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[26] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[27] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[28] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[29] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[30] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Ruv-31] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[SAS_26-32] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[33] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[SAS_2015-34] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[35] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[36] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[armyrecognition-37] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[38] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Tessieres-39] Template:Cite report

[auto-40] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[41] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[42] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[43] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[44] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[45] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[46] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[47] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[bulgarianmilitary.com-48] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[49] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[50] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Yemen_inquiry-51] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Abu-52] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore

[53] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[mcnab2002-54] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[55] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[Abu2-56] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore

[bulgarianmilitary.com2-57] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[58] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

MG 3 machine gun: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 04:53, 28 June 2025

Contents

History

Deployment

Reliability

Operational use

Design details

Operating mechanism

Barrel

Feeding system

Sights

Danish C79 LMG Optic

Bipod and tripod

Variants

Derivatives

Users

Non state users

Conflicts

See also

References

Citations

External links

Navigation menu

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
 {{Infobox weapon
-| name               = MG 3
+| name               = Rheinmetall MG 3
 | image              = BundeswehrMG3 noBG.png
-| caption            = An MG 3
+| caption            = MG 3 7.62×51mm NATO general-purpose machine gun
+| image_size         = 300
 | type               = [[General-purpose machine gun]]
-<!-- Type selection -->| service            = 1959–present
+<!-- Type selection -->
+| service            = 1959–present
 | wars               = See ''[[#Conflicts|Conflicts]]''
 | designer           =
 | number             = 1 million+
 | spec_label         =
-| length             = {{convert|1225|mm|in|abbr=on}}<br /> {{convert|1097|mm|abbr=on|1}} (without stock)
+| length             = {{convert|1225|mm|in|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|1097|mm|abbr=on|1}} (without stock)
 | width              =
-| height             = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
+| height             =
+<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
 | action             = [[Recoil operation|Recoil-operated]], [[roller locked]]
-| image_size         = 300
 | origin             = West Germany
-| is_ranged          = yes
+| is_ranged          = Yes
-<!-- Service history -->| used_by            = See ''[[#Users|Users]]''
+<!-- Service history -->
+| used_by            = See ''[[#Users|Users]]''
 | design_date        = 1959
-| manufacturer       = [[Rheinmetall]]<br /> License-built by: [[Beretta]], [[Makina ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu|MKEK]], Ellinika Amyntika Systimata, [[Defense Industries Organization]], [[Military Industry Corporation]], [[Pakistan Ordnance Factories]], [[General Dynamics]] Santa Bárbara Sistemas
+| manufacturer       = [[Rheinmetall]]<br />License-built by: [[Beretta]], [[Makina ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu|MKEK]], Ellinika Amyntika Systimata, [[Defense Industries Organization]], [[Military Industry Corporation]], [[Pakistan Ordnance Factories]], [[General Dynamics]] Santa Bárbara Sistemas
 | unit_cost          =
 | production_date    = 1959–present
 | variants           = See ''[[#Variants|Variants]]''
-<!-- General specifications -->| weight             = {{convert|11.5|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/ZDv_3-14_Das_Maschinengewehr.pdf |title=Dv 3-14 Das Maschinengewehr |date=26 June 1979 |language=de |author=[[Bundesministerium der Verteidigung]] |via=Wikimedia Commons}}</ref><br /> {{convert|27.5|kg|abbr=on}} (mounted on tripod)
+<!-- General specifications -->
+| weight             = {{convert|11.5|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/ZDv_3-14_Das_Maschinengewehr.pdf |title=Dv 3-14 Das Maschinengewehr |date=26 June 1979 |language=de |author=[[Bundesministerium der Verteidigung]] |via=Wikimedia Commons}}</ref><br /> {{convert|27.5|kg|abbr=on}} (mounted on tripod)
 | part_length        = {{convert|565|mm|abbr=on|1}}
 | cartridge          = [[7.62×51mm NATO]]
-| rate               = 800–950 rounds/min or <br /> 1,000–1,200 rounds/min
+| rate               = 800–950 rounds/min (heavy-weight bolt)<br />1,000–1,200 rounds/min (standard-weight bolt)
 | velocity           = {{convert|820|m/s|0|abbr=on}}
 | range              = 200–1,200&nbsp;m sight adjustments
@@ Line 37: / Line 41: @@
 }}
-The '''MG 3''' is a German [[general-purpose machine gun]] chambered for the [[7.62×51mm NATO]] cartridge. The weapon's design is derived from the [[World War II]] era [[MG 42]] that fired the [[7.92×57mm Mauser]] round.<ref name="Woźniak">{{cite book |last=Woźniak |first=Ryszard |date=2001 |title=Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 3 M-P |language=pl |location=Warsaw |publisher=[[Bellona Publishing House|Bellona]] |page=106}}</ref>
+The '''Rheinmetall MG 3''' is a German [[general-purpose machine gun]] chambered for the [[7.62×51mm NATO]] cartridge. Manufactured by [[Rheinmetall]] for the ''Bundeswehr'', designed and derived from the [[World War II]] era [[MG 42]] that fired the [[7.92×57mm Mauser]] round.<ref name="Woźniak">{{cite book |last=Woźniak |first=Ryszard |date=2001 |title=Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 3 M-P |language=pl |location=Warsaw |publisher=[[Bellona Publishing House|Bellona]] |page=106}}</ref>
+The MG 3 was standardized in the late 1950s and adopted into service with the newly formed ''[[Bundeswehr]]'', where it continues to serve to this day as a squad support weapon and a vehicle-mounted machine gun.
-The MG 3 was standardized in the late 1950s and adopted into service with the newly formed ''[[Bundeswehr]]'', where it continues to serve to this day as a squad support weapon and a vehicle-mounted machine gun. The weapon and its derivatives have also been acquired by the armed forces of over 40 countries. Production rights to the machine gun were purchased by [[Italy]] ({{ill|MG 42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}}), [[Spain]], [[Pakistan]] (as the MG 1A3), [[Greece]], [[Iran]], [[Sudan]], and [[Turkey]].<ref name="mkek">{{cite web |url=http://www.mkek.gov.tr/english/foUrunDetaylari.aspx?iKodUrun=90&iKodUrunKategorisi=122 |title=7.62 mm MG3 Machine Gun |website=MKEK |access-date=2014-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915211807/http://www.mkek.gov.tr/english/foUrunDetaylari.aspx?iKodUrun=90&iKodUrunKategorisi=122 |archive-date=2009-09-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+The MG 3 and its derivatives have also been acquired by the armed forces of over 40 countries. Production rights to the machine gun were purchased by [[Italy]] ({{ill|MG 42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}}), [[Spain]], [[Pakistan]] (as the MG 1A3), [[Greece]], [[Iran]], [[Sudan]], and [[Turkey]].<ref name="mkek">{{cite web |url=http://www.mkek.gov.tr/english/foUrunDetaylari.aspx?iKodUrun=90&iKodUrunKategorisi=122 |title=7.62 mm MG3 Machine Gun |website=MKEK |access-date=2014-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915211807/http://www.mkek.gov.tr/english/foUrunDetaylari.aspx?iKodUrun=90&iKodUrunKategorisi=122 |archive-date=2009-09-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 ==History==
-[[File:West German Mechanized Infantry.jpg|thumb|left|Soldiers of the [[West Germany|West German]] ''[[Bundeswehr]]'' on exercise in 1960. Pictured is the predecessor to the MG 3—the MG 1A3 variant. The soldier on the right is carrying a [[Heckler & Koch G3|G3]] [[battle rifle]]. In the rear stands a [[Schützenpanzer SPz 11-2 Kurz|SPz 11-2]].]]
+[[File:West German Mechanized Infantry.jpg|thumb|Soldiers of the [[West Germany|West German]] ''[[Bundeswehr]]'' on exercise in 1960. Pictured is the predecessor to the MG 3—the MG 1A3 variant. The soldier on the right is carrying a [[Heckler & Koch G3|G3]] [[battle rifle]]. In the rear stands a [[Schützenpanzer SPz 11-2 Kurz|SPz 11-2]]]]
-[[File:MG42 zu MG3 umgelabelt.jpg|thumb|left|Markings on an original MG 42 retrofitted to a MG 3.]]
-At the end of [[World War II]] the original technical drawings and data for the 7.92×57mm Mauser chambered MG 42 were captured by the Soviets. These would later be taken to Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Rheinmetall had to reverse engineer the first postwar machine guns from an original MG 42 machine gun.<ref name="Rheinmetall Machinengewehr 3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.historicalfirearms.info/post/156145896479/rheinmetall-machinengewehr-3-west-germany |title=Rheinmetall Machinengewehr 3 West Germany |last=Moss |first=Matthew |website=Historical Firearms}}</ref>
+At the end of [[World War II]] the original technical drawings and data for the 7.92×57mm Mauser–chambered MG 42 were captured by the Soviets. These would later be taken to Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Rheinmetall had to reverse engineer the first postwar machine guns from an original MG 42 machine gun.<ref name="Rheinmetall Machinengewehr 3">{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Matthew |title=Rheinmetall Machinengewehr 3 West Germany |url=https://www.historicalfirearms.info/post/156145896479/rheinmetall-machinengewehr-3-west-germany |website=Historical Firearms}}</ref>
-Production of the first postwar variant of the [[MG 42]] chambered for 7.62×51mm NATO ammunition (designated the '''MG 1''') was launched in 1958 at the [[Rheinmetall]] arms factory as requested by the [[Bundeswehr]]. Shortly thereafter, the machine gun was modified, receiving a [[Chrome plating|chrome]]-lined barrel and sights properly calibrated for the new round; this model would be named the '''MG 1A1''' (known also as the '''MG 42/58''').
+Production of the first postwar variant of the [[MG 42]] chambered for 7.62×51mm NATO ammunition (designated the '''MG 1''') was launched in 1958 at the [[Rheinmetall]] arms factory as requested by the [[Bundeswehr]]. Shortly thereafter, the machine gun was modified, receiving a [[Chrome plating|chrome]]-lined barrel and sights properly calibrated for the new round; this model would be named the '''MG 1A1''' (also known as the '''MG 42/58''').
-A further development of the MG 1A1 was the '''MG 1A2''' (known also as the '''MG 42/59'''), which had a heavier bolt ({{convert|950|g|oz|2|abbr=on}} for a slower 700–900 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire, compared to {{convert|550|g|oz|2|abbr=on}}), and a new friction ring buffer made suitable for using the heavier bolt. The MG 1A2 added new bolt-bounce preventing bolt catches to the action to resolve the ammunition ignition timing sensitivity of the preceding variants and was adapted to use both the standard German non-disintegrating ''Patronengurt DM1'' ammunition belt and the American [[M13 link|M13]] disintegrating belt. Further improvements to the weapon's muzzle device, [[bipod]] and bolt resulted in the '''MG 1A3'''.
+The '''MG 1A2''' (also known as the '''MG 42/59''') is a further development of the MG 1A1, which had a heavier bolt ({{convert|950|g|oz|2|abbr=on}} for a slower 700–900 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire, compared to {{convert|550|g|oz|2|abbr=on}}), and a new friction ring buffer made suitable for using the heavier bolt. The MG 1A2 added new bolt-bounce preventing bolt catches to the action to resolve the ammunition ignition timing sensitivity of the preceding variants and was adapted to use both the standard German non-disintegrating ''Patronengurt DM1'' ammunition belt and the American [[M13 link|M13]] disintegrating belt. The '''MG 1A3''' features further improvements to the muzzle device, [[bipod]] and bolt.
 Simultaneously, wartime 7.92×57mm Mauser chambered MG 42 machine guns that remained in service were converted to the standard 7.62×51mm NATO chambering and designated '''MG 2'''.
@@ Line 57: / Line 62: @@
 MG 3s continue to be produced in Turkey and Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/bang-meet-5-best-machine-guns-planet-75816 |title=Bang: Meet the 5 Best Machine Guns on the Planet |first=Charlie |last=Gao |date=August 24, 2019 |website=The National Interest}}</ref> In 2019 there were plans in Germany to produce several thousand new MG 3 receivers to keep using vehicle mounted MG 3s in the low level anti-aircraft (designated MG 3A0A1) and turret mounted (designated MG 3A1A1) roles in the near future.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://esut.de/2019/03/fachbeitraege/ruestung/11002/harmonisierung-bei-den-handwaffen-der-bundeswehr/ |title=Harmonisierung bei den Handwaffen der Bundeswehr |date=March 6, 2019 |website=Europäische Sicherheit & Technik |language=de}}</ref>
-==Operation==
+===Deployment===
-The German military instructs that sustained fire must be avoided at all costs. In the bipod mounted light machine gun role MG 3 users are trained to fire short bursts of 3 to 5 rounds and strive to optimize their aim between bursts fired in succession. In the tripod mounted medium machine gun role, MG 3 users are trained to fire both short bursts and longer bursts of 20 to 30 rounds and strive to optimize their aim between successive bursts.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://www.reservistenverband.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Zentralrichtlinie-Schie%C3%9Fen-mit-Handwaffen.pdf |title=A2-222/0-0-4750 Schießen mit Handwaffen (Shooting with handguns) |publisher=Bundeswehr - Ministry of Defence Germany |year=2015 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817101158/https://www.reservistenverband.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Zentralrichtlinie-Schie%C3%9Fen-mit-Handwaffen.pdf |archive-date=2022-08-17}} [https://ia804708.us.archive.org/27/items/zentralrichtlinie-schiessen-mit-handwaffen-a-2-222-0-0-4750/Zentralrichtlinie-Schie%C3%9Fen-mit-Handwaffen%20A2-222_0-0-4750.pdf Alt URL]</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/gunmanual_German_Zdv314_Das_Machinengewehr |title=ZDv 3/14 Das Maschinengewehr |publisher=Bundeswehr (Ministry of Defence) |year=2003 |location=Germany |language=de |archive-url=https://ia800703.us.archive.org/19/items/gunmanual_German_Zdv314_Das_Machinengewehr/German%20Zdv314%20Das%20Machinengewehr.pdf |archive-date=2022-12-22}}</ref> The [[Bundeswehr]] trains soldiers to replace the barrel of the MG3 after 150 live rounds (or 100 blank rounds) after sustained heavy fire, with a new, cooler one; only once the barrel is hand-warm (able to be held with the bare hand for 30 seconds) can a barrel be reused. Replacing the barrel is a simple procedure on the MG3. Non-observance of this technical limitation renders the barrel prematurely unusable. Care must be taken when replacing the barrel as after extended cyclical fire, the barrel can be dangerously hot, potentially approaching white hot. The machine gun crew member responsible for a hot barrel change is issued protective [[asbestos]] gloves or a cloth to prevent burns to the hands.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Rate of fire#Effective rate|effective rate of fire]] is about 250 rounds per minute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.military-today.com/firearms/mg3.htm |title=Rheinmetall MG-3 |website=Military Today.com |access-date=2022-11-28}}{{dead link|date=December 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Some other machineguns have thermally insulated grips attached to their quick-change barrel, at least going back to the ZB vz. 26 design of 1926.
+The MG 3 is still used as the standard secondary weapon of most modern German [[armoured fighting vehicle]] designs (e.g. [[Leopard 2]], [[PzH 2000]], [[Marder (IFV)|Marder]]), as a primary weapon on light/non-armoured vehicles (e.g. LKW 2to, [[MAN KAT1|MAN gl-trucks]], [[ATF Dingo]]) and as an infantry weapon on light bipods as well as different tripods. The [[German Armed Forces]] have supplemented the MG 3 since 2015 with the [[Heckler & Koch MG5]] in service.
+===Reliability===
+In 1974 the US Army tested German made MG 3s alongside eight other contemporary GPMG designs to replace the then-in-service [[M73 machine gun|M219 Tank Machine Gun]], which was considered unacceptably unreliable by the US Army. The MG 3 had worse results in mean rounds between failure (where it was the third worst entrant), mean rounds between stoppage (where it was the fourth worst entrant), cookoff rate (where it was the worst entrant), and accuracy (where it was the worst entrant) than the M60 and FN MAG. The only categories in which the MG 3 outperformed both the M60 and FN MAG were in ease of training, ease of changing barrels, and safety. The MG 3 was overall sixth of nine candidates in an unweighted ranking, and it was considered that no reasonable combination of attribute rankings existed in which it would be the winner of the contest.<ref>{{cite report |title=Attribute Analysis of the Armor Machine Gun Candidates |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA018625.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914174830/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA018625.pdf |archive-date=September 14, 2021 |publisher=US Army Armaments Command |date=July 1975 |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref>
+==Operational use==
+[[File:MG3 Training.JPEG|thumb|German soldier and U.S. Marine training with an MG 3]]
+The German military instructs that sustained fire must be avoided at all costs. In the bipod mounted light machine gun role MG 3 users are trained to fire short bursts of 3 to 5 rounds and strive to optimize their aim between bursts fired in succession. In the tripod mounted medium machine gun role, MG 3 users are trained to fire both short bursts and longer bursts of 20 to 30 rounds and strive to optimize their aim between successive bursts.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://www.reservistenverband.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Zentralrichtlinie-Schie%C3%9Fen-mit-Handwaffen.pdf |title=A2-222/0-0-4750 Schießen mit Handwaffen (Shooting with handguns) |publisher=Bundeswehr - Ministry of Defence Germany |year=2015 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817101158/https://www.reservistenverband.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Zentralrichtlinie-Schie%C3%9Fen-mit-Handwaffen.pdf |archive-date=2022-08-17}} [https://ia804708.us.archive.org/27/items/zentralrichtlinie-schiessen-mit-handwaffen-a-2-222-0-0-4750/Zentralrichtlinie-Schie%C3%9Fen-mit-Handwaffen%20A2-222_0-0-4750.pdf Alt URL]</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/gunmanual_German_Zdv314_Das_Machinengewehr |title=ZDv 3/14 Das Maschinengewehr |publisher=Bundeswehr (Ministry of Defence) |year=2003 |location=Germany |language=de |archive-url=https://ia800703.us.archive.org/19/items/gunmanual_German_Zdv314_Das_Machinengewehr/German%20Zdv314%20Das%20Machinengewehr.pdf |archive-date=2022-12-22}}</ref> The [[Bundeswehr]] trains soldiers to replace the barrel of the MG 3 after 150 live rounds (or 100 blank rounds) after sustained heavy fire, with a new, cooler one; only once the barrel is hand-warm (able to be held with the bare hand for 30 seconds) can a barrel be reused. Replacing the barrel is a simple procedure on the MG 3. Non-observance of this technical limitation renders the barrel prematurely unusable. Care must be taken when replacing the barrel as after extended cyclical fire, the barrel can be dangerously hot, potentially approaching white hot. The machine gun crew member responsible for a hot barrel change is issued protective [[asbestos]] gloves or a cloth to prevent burns to the hands.<ref name=":2"/> The [[Rate of fire#Effective rate|effective rate of fire]] is about 250 rounds per minute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.military-today.com/firearms/mg3.htm |title=Rheinmetall MG-3 |website=Military Today.com |access-date=2022-11-28}}{{dead link|date=December 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Some other machineguns have thermally insulated grips attached to their quick-change barrel, at least going back to the ZB vz. 26 design of 1926.
 ==Design details==
 {{More citations needed section|date=July 2015}}
+The MG 3 has an automatic-only trigger mechanism and a cross-bolt safety in the form of a button that is operated by the shooting hand (in its "safe" position the bolt release is disabled). The MG 3 fires from an [[open bolt]]. The cyclic rate can be altered by installing different bolts and recoil springs. A heavier bolt uses more recoil energy to overcome inertia, thus slowing the action. On MG 3 machine guns, two types of bolts are available, with standard weight (about {{convert|650|g|oz|2|abbr=on}}) for the standard 1,000–1,200 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons |publisher=Jane's Information Group |year=2002 |page=2169}}</ref> and with extra weight (about {{convert|900|g|oz|2|abbr=on}}) for a slower 800–950 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire. Those bolts also are used along with different [[Hooke's law|return springs]].<ref name="Rheinmetall Machinengewehr 3"/>
 ===Operating mechanism===
-The MG 3 is an automatic, air-cooled, [[belt (firearm)|belt-fed]] [[Recoil operation|short recoil]]-operated firearm. It features a roller locked bolt mechanism that consists of the bolt head, a pair of rollers, the striker sleeve, bolt body and return spring. The bolt is locked securely by a wedge-shaped striker sleeve, which forces two cylindrical rollers contained in the bolt head outward, and into corresponding recesses in the extension of the breech of the barrel. On firing, both the barrel and barrel extension recoil to the rear. The resulting impact (much like a [[Newton's cradle]]) moves the carrier to the rear withdrawing the wedge and both rollers as they are cammed inward and out of their sockets by fixed cams, unlocking the bolt head. The bolt carrier and bolt then continue to the rear together guided by fixed guides while the barrel and barrel extension return to battery. Upon return of the bolt forward, the impact of the rollers against the camming surfaces on the breech carry the rollers from their seats, and, together with the surfaces on the striker sleeve, force the rollers outward, locking the bolt head into the barrel extension and ensuring a complete lock. The bolt also houses a spring-loaded casing extractor and ejector. Ejection is carried out when the ejector strikes the buffer head, sending a push forward through the ejector bar, which hits the ejector pin. This pin pushes the top of the base of the cartridge, which is still held by the extractor at the base, causing the empty casing to rotate and eject downward through the ejection chute.
+The MG 3 is an automatic, air-cooled, [[belt (firearm)|belt-fed]] [[Recoil operation|short recoil]]–operated firearm. It features a roller locked bolt mechanism that consists of the bolt head, a pair of rollers, the striker sleeve, bolt body and return spring. The bolt is locked securely by a wedge-shaped striker sleeve, which forces two cylindrical rollers contained in the bolt head outward, and into corresponding recesses in the extension of the breech of the barrel. On firing, both the barrel and barrel extension recoil to the rear. The resulting impact (much like a [[Newton's cradle]]) moves the carrier to the rear, withdrawing the wedge and both rollers as they are cammed inward and out of their sockets by fixed cams, unlocking the bolt head. The bolt carrier and bolt then continue to the rear together guided by fixed guides while the barrel and barrel extension return to battery. Upon return of the bolt forward, the impact of the rollers against the camming surfaces on the breech carry the rollers from their seats, and, together with the surfaces on the striker sleeve, force the rollers outward, locking the bolt head into the barrel extension and ensuring a complete lock. The bolt also houses a spring-loaded casing extractor and ejector. Ejection is carried out when the ejector strikes the buffer head, sending a push forward through the ejector bar, which hits the ejector pin. This pin pushes the top of the base of the cartridge, which is still held by the extractor at the base, causing the empty casing to rotate and eject downward through the ejection chute.
-<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
+<gallery widths=200 heights=200>
 File:Kinematik, MG42 rollenübersetzter Verschluss mit kurz zurückgleitendem Lauf CC BY-SA 4.0 Autor Grasyl.png|MG 3 roller-locked boosted short recoil action diagram
-File:MG3.jpg|MG 3 of the [[German Army]]
 File:Bundeswehr 1982 (4060040603).jpg|Parts of a German MG 3
+File:MG42 zu MG3 umgelabelt.jpg|Markings on an original MG 42 retrofitted to a MG 3
 </gallery>
-===Features===
+===Barrel===
-The machine gun has an automatic-only trigger mechanism and a cross-bolt safety in the form of a button that is operated by the shooting hand (in its "safe" position the bolt release is disabled). The weapon fires from an [[open bolt]]. The cyclic rate can be altered by installing different bolts and recoil springs. A heavier bolt uses more recoil energy to overcome inertia, thus slowing the action. On MG 3 machine guns, two types of bolts are available, with standard weight (about {{convert|650|g|oz|2|abbr=on}}) for the standard 1,000–1,200 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons |publisher=Jane's Information Group |year=2002 |page=2169}}</ref> and with extra weight (about {{convert|900|g|oz|2|abbr=on}}) for a slower 800–950 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire. Those bolts also are used along with different [[Hooke's law|return springs]].<ref name="Rheinmetall Machinengewehr 3"/>
+The MG 3 has a quick-change, chrome-lined barrel with four right-hand grooves and a rifling twist rate of 1 in 305&nbsp;mm (1:12 in) and weighs {{convert|1.7|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}. Alternatively, MG 3 barrels can also have [[polygonal rifling]]. The barrel is integrated with the barrel breech. During sustained firing, there is a need for the barrel to be changed and this is how they are swapped: The gun is cocked and the barrel catch on the right of the barrel shroud is swung forward. Then, the breech end of the hot barrel swings out and can be removed by elevating or twisting the gun. A fresh barrel would be inserted through the barrel catch and the muzzle bearing. When the catch is rotated back, the barrel is locked and the machine gun can resume firing. Both the receiver housing and ventilated barrel casing are made from pressed sheet steel. The machine gun crew member responsible for a hot barrel change is issued protective asbestos gloves to prevent getting burned. A muzzle device is mounted at the end of the barrel and it acts as a [[flash suppressor]], [[muzzle brake]] and recoil booster.
-The MG 3 feeds from the left side through a feed block using metal, 50-round continuous-link ''Patronengurt DM1'' ammunition belts (which can be combined by cartridge) or disintegrating-link M13 or DM6 belts. In the [[light machine gun]] role, the MG 3 is deployed with a 100-round (or 120-round in case of disintegrating belts) belt fitted inside a synthetic ammunition drum developed by [[Heckler & Koch]] that is latched on to the left side of the receiver. The rear wall of the drum is transparent and serves as a visual indicator for the amount of ammunition available. The feed system operates through a feed arm that is housed in the feed cover. Two feed pawls are linked to the front end of the arm by an intermediate link and move in opposite directions, moving the belt in two stages as the bolt moves back and forward during firing.
+===Feeding system===
+[[File:MG3.jpg|thumb|MG 3 of the [[German Army]]]]
-For the light machine gun role the MG3 is equipped with a synthetic [[polymer]] stock and a folding bipod.
+The MG 3 feeds from the left side through a feed block using a metal 50-round drum that uses a [[Belt (firearms)#Non-Disintegrating Belt|non-disintegrating metallic-link DM1 belts]] (''Patronengurt DM1'') ammunition belts (which have links that wrap around the cartridge case and are linked by a coiling wire on each side) or disintegrating-link M13 or DM6 belts.
-===Barrel===
+In the [[light machine gun]] role, the MG 3 is deployed with a 100-round (or 120-round in case of disintegrating belts) belt fitted inside a synthetic ammunition drum developed by [[Heckler & Koch]] that is latched on to the left side of the receiver. The rear wall of the drum is transparent and serves as a visual indicator for the amount of ammunition available. The feed system operates through a feed arm that is housed in the feed cover. Two feed pawls are linked to the front end of the arm by an intermediate link and move in opposite directions, moving the belt in two stages as the bolt moves back and forward during firing.
-The MG 3 has a quick-change, chrome-lined barrel with four right-hand grooves and a rifling twist rate of 1 in 305&nbsp;mm (1:12 in) and weighs {{convert|1.7|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}. Alternatively, MG 3 barrels can also have [[polygonal rifling]]. The barrel is integrated with the barrel breech. During sustained firing, there is a need for the barrel to be changed and this is how they are swapped: The gun is cocked and the barrel catch on the right of the barrel shroud is swung forward. Then, the breech end of the hot barrel swings out and can be removed by elevating or twisting the gun. A fresh barrel would be inserted through the barrel catch and the muzzle bearing. When the catch is rotated back, the barrel is locked and the machine gun can resume firing. Both the receiver housing and ventilated barrel casing are made from pressed sheet steel. The machine gun crew member responsible for a hot barrel change is issued protective asbestos gloves to prevent getting burned. A muzzle device is mounted at the end of the barrel and it acts as a [[flash suppressor]], [[muzzle brake]] and recoil booster.
+DM1 belts are intended for multiple reuse and in terms of design are based on and derived from the last version of the ''Gurt 34/41''-belt family used in World War II in MG 34 and MG 42 machine guns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1897 |title=Feeding the Tiger: Ammunition Belts for German MG 34 and MG 42 Machine Guns |last=Legendre |first=Jean-François |date=March 2005 |website=Small Arms Review |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522211121/https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1897 |archive-date=2016-05-22}}</ref> DM1 belts are preloaded at ammunition factories in 50-round connectable belt lengths and can be linked to any length necessary. Spent cartridge cases are ejected downwards, and the emptied links are transported to the right.
+Alternatively the MG 3 can also be fed by disintegrating metal [[M13 link]] belts (designated DM60 by Germany) used by many NATO member states. M13 links are also used on the [[Minigun|Dillon M134D Minigun]], [[M60 machine gun|M60]], [[FN MAG]], [[HK21]] and [[Heckler & Koch MG5|MG5]] machine guns among others. The disintegrating metal belt is fed from the left side. Ejection of empty M13 links is to the right side, and spent cartridge cases are ejected downwards. The inexpensive M13 links are considered disposable.
-===Feeding===
+Both belt types are of push-through type and use a metal lip that is arrested in the rim of the cartridges to correctly position and fix the cartridges in place. The feeding system is based on the direct push-through of the cartridge out of the belt link into the gun's chamber. Feed is performed in two steps by a pawl-type feeding mechanism that continues to move the belt during both the rearward and forward cycles of the reciprocating bolt, producing a smooth belt flow.
-[[File:Method of joining metallic-link ammunition belts.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Method of joining German non-disintegrating metallic-link ammunition machine gun belts.]]
-[[File:Strēlniekiem 100 (20258195621).jpg|thumb|Non-disintegrating metal DM1 belt.]]
-[[File:MG3 Zerfallgurt.jpg|thumb|Disintegrating metal [[M13 link]] belt (designated DM60 by Germany).]]
-MG 3 machine guns are belt-fed from the left to the right side, using [[Belt (firearms)#Non-Disintegrating Belt|non-disintegrating metallic-link DM1 belts]], which have links that wrap around the cartridge case and are linked by a coiling wire on each side. DM1 belts are intended for multiple reuse and in terms of design are based on and derived from the last version of the ''Gurt 34/41''-belt family used in World War II in MG 34 and MG 42 machine guns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1897 |title=Feeding the Tiger: Ammunition Belts for German MG 34 and MG 42 Machine Guns |last=Legendre |first=Jean-François |date=March 2005 |website=Small Arms Review |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522211121/https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1897 |archive-date=2016-05-22}}</ref> DM1 belts are preloaded at ammunition factories in 50-round connectable belt lengths and can be linked to any length necessary. Spent cartridge cases are ejected downwards, and the emptied links are transported to the right.<br />
+For field use there are several ammunition containers available. The ''Gurttrommel'' (belt drum) contains a 50-round DM1 or DM60 belt. The ''Gurttrommel'' is not a true magazine but holds a curled 50-round belt preventing it from snagging, twisting and getting stuck during mobile assaults. The steel DM2 ammunition box contains a 250-round DM1 belt and the smaller plastic DM40004 ammunition box contains a 100-round DM1 belt or a 120-round DM60/M13 belt. The German military tends to use non-disintegrating DM1 belts for general use and disintegrating DM60/M13 belts in vehicle or aircraft fixed MG 3 mountings that allow for collecting the ejected link pieces for reuse.
-Alternatively the MG3 can also be fed by disintegrating metal [[M13 link]] belts (designated DM60 by Germany) used by many NATO member states. M13 links are also used on the [[Minigun|Dillon M134D Minigun]], [[M60 machine gun|M60]], [[FN MAG]], [[HK21]] and [[Heckler & Koch MG5|MG5]] machine guns among others. The disintegrating metal belt is fed from the left side. Ejection of empty M13 links is to the right side, and spent cartridge cases are ejected downwards. The inexpensive M13 links are considered disposable.<br />
-Both belt types are of push-through type and use a metal lip that is arrested in the rim of the cartridges to correctly position and fix the cartridges in place. The feeding system is based on the direct push-through of the cartridge out of the belt link into the gun's chamber. Feed is performed in two steps by a pawl-type feeding mechanism that continues to move the belt during both the rearward and forward cycles of the reciprocating bolt, producing a smooth belt flow.<br />
+<gallery>
-For field use there are several ammunition containers available. The ''Gurttrommel'' (belt drum) contains a 50-round DM1 or DM60 belt. The ''Gurttrommel'' is not a true magazine but holds a curled 50-round belt preventing it from snagging, twisting and getting stuck during mobile assaults. The steel DM2 ammunition box contains a 250-round DM1 belt and the smaller plastic DM40004 ammunition box contains a 100-round DM1 belt or a 120-round DM60/M13 belt. The German military tends to use non-disintegrating DM1 belts for general use and disintegrating DM60/M13 belts in vehicle or aircraft fixed MG3 mountings that allow for collecting the ejected link pieces for reuse.
+File:Method of joining metallic-link ammunition belts.jpg|Method of joining German non-disintegrating metallic-link ammunition machine gun belts
+File:Strēlniekiem 100 (20258195621).jpg|Non-disintegrating metal DM1 belt
+File:MG3 Zerfallgurt.jpg|Disintegrating metal [[M13 link]] belt (designated DM60 by Germany)
+</gallery>
 ===Sights===
-The open-type [[iron sight]]ing line has a relatively short {{convert|430|mm|in|1|sp=us}} radius and consists of a "∧-type" height adjustable front sight on a folding post and a leaf rear sight with an open V-notch sliding on a ramp, graduated from {{convert|200|to|1,200|m|yds|0|sp=us}} in {{convert|100|m|yds|0|sp=us}} increments. A flip-up anti-aircraft sight is attached to the receiver top just in front of the normal rear sight element.
+The open-type [[iron sight]] line has a relatively short {{convert|430|mm|in|1|sp=us}} radius and consists of a "∧-type" height adjustable front sight on a folding post and a leaf rear sight with an open V-notch sliding on a ramp, graduated from {{convert|200|to|1,200|m|yds|0|sp=us}} in {{convert|100|m|yds|0|sp=us}} increments. A flip-up anti-aircraft sight is attached to the receiver top just in front of the normal rear sight element.
-==== Danish C79 LMG Optic ====
+====Danish C79 LMG Optic====
-As an  iron sighting line alternative, the Danish military uses a 3.4×28 optical sight mounted on top of the receiver which can be set from {{convert|300|to|800|m|yds|0|sp=us}} in {{convert|100|m|yds|0|sp=us}} increments on their MG 3 (designated as M/62) and later [[M60 machine gun#M60E6|M/60E6]]. What sets the Danish C79 LMG Optic designated as M/98 apart from the standard [[C79 optical sight]] is its unique reticle of a chevron  with a height of 12,5 TS and two TS line left and right with a length of 7,5 TS beginning 2,5 TS away from the tip of the chevron. The sight designated as M/99 is also available in a night vision configuration.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hjemmeværnet |title=HRN-111-007 |url=https://www.yumpu.com/da/document/read/17634649/hrn-111-007-762-mm-maskingevaer-m-62-hjemmevaernet |journal=Hæren |pages=H-11}}</ref>
+As an iron sighting line alternative, the Danish military uses a 3.4×28 optical sight mounted on top of the receiver which can be set from {{convert|300|to|800|m|yds|0|sp=us}} in {{convert|100|m|yds|0|sp=us}} increments on their MG 3 (designated as M/62) and later [[M60 machine gun#M60E6|M/60E6]]. What sets the Danish C79 LMG Optic designated as M/98 apart from the standard [[C79 optical sight]] is its unique reticle of a chevron with a height of 12,5 TS and two TS line left and right with a length of 7,5 TS beginning 2,5 TS away from the tip of the chevron. The sight designated as M/99 is also available in a night vision configuration.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hjemmeværnet |title=HRN-111-007 |url=https://www.yumpu.com/da/document/read/17634649/hrn-111-007-762-mm-maskingevaer-m-62-hjemmevaernet |journal=Hæren |pages=H-11}}</ref>
-===Tripod===
+===Bipod and tripod===
-[[File:ILÜ 2012 - MG3.jpg|right|thumb|The MG 3 seen here in the stationary, heavy machine gun role, mounted on a stabilized ''Feldlafette'' tripod and fitted with an optical ''Zielfernrohr 4 × 24'' periscope sight.]]
+[[File:ILÜ 2012 - MG3.jpg|right|thumb|MG 3 seen here in the stationary, heavy machine gun role, mounted on a stabilized ''Feldlafette'' tripod and fitted with an optical ''Zielfernrohr 4 × 24'' periscope sight]]
-In a stationary, heavy machine gun role the MG 3 is mounted on a buffered ''Feldlafette'' ("field tripod") that also features storage containers for accessories like the ''Zielfernrohr 4 × 24'' periscope-style telescopic sight. The direct fire only ''Zielfernrohr 4 × 24'' sight like the MG 3 is mounted on the ''Feldlafette'' and is graduated from {{convert|0|to|1,600|m|yds|0|sp=us}} in {{convert|100|m|yds|0|sp=us}} increments. The ''Zielfernrohr 4 × 24'' reticle can be illuminated by an external unit. It can also be used with the FERO-Z 51 night sight.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
+For the light machine gun role the MG 3 is equipped with a synthetic [[polymer]] stock and a folding bipod.
-A feature of the German World War II [[MG 42#Lafette 42 tripod|''Lafette 42'']] tripod that was not carried over to the MG3 ''Feldlafette'' was the ''Tiefenfeuerautomat'' ("in-depth automatic fire"). If selected, this feature walked the fire in wave like motions up and down the range between predefined ranges. This sweeping of a given range (''Tiefenfeuer'' – "in-depth fire") continued as long as the gun was fired.
+In a stationary, heavy machine gun role the MG 3 is mounted on a buffered ''Feldlafette'' ("field tripod") that also features storage containers for accessories like the ''Zielfernrohr 4 × 24'' periscope-style telescopic sight. The direct fire only ''Zielfernrohr 4 × 24'' sight like the MG 3 is mounted on the ''Feldlafette'' and is graduated from {{convert|0|to|1,600|m|yds|0|sp=us}} in {{convert|100|m|yds|0|sp=us}} increments. The ''Zielfernrohr 4 × 24'' reticle can be illuminated by an external unit. It can also be used with the FERO-Z 51 night sight.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/>
-===Reliability===
+A feature of the German World War II [[MG 42#Lafette 42 tripod|''Lafette 42'']] tripod that was not carried over to the MG 3 ''Feldlafette'' was the ''Tiefenfeuerautomat'' ("in-depth automatic fire"). If selected, this feature walked the fire in wave like motions up and down the range between predefined ranges. This sweeping of a given range (''Tiefenfeuer'' – "in-depth fire") continued as long as the gun was fired.
-In 1974 the US Army tested German made MG3s alongside eight other contemporary GPMG designs to replace the then-in-service [[M73 machine gun|M219 Tank Machine Gun]], which was considered unacceptably unreliable by the US Army. The MG3 had worse results in mean rounds between failure (where it was the third worst entrant), mean rounds between stoppage (where it was the fourth worst entrant), cookoff rate (where it was the worst entrant) and accuracy (where it was the worst entrant) than the M60 and FN MAG. The only categories in which the MG3 outperformed both the M60 and FN MAG were in ease of training, ease of changing barrels and safety. The MG3 was overall 6th of 9 candidates in an unweighted ranking, and it was considered that no reasonable combination of attribute rankings existed in which it would be the winner of the contest. <ref>{{cite report |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA018625.pdf |title=Attribute analysis of the armor machine gun candidates |date=July 1975 |publisher=US Army Armaments Command |access-date=14 September 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914174830/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA018625.pdf |archive-date=September 14, 2021}}</ref>
 ==Variants==
+[[File:MG3 Tripod.JPEG|thumb|MG 3 in the heavy machine gun setup on a ''Feldlafette'' tripod with mounted optical sight]]
+[[File:2019-06-15 152818 Tag der Bundeswehr.jpg|thumb|Vehicle-mounted MG 3 at the Bundeswehr Day in 2019]]
 * '''MG 1''': Rheinmetall variant of the MG 42, most notably rechambered to fire 7.62×51mm NATO.
 * '''MG 1A1 (MG 42/58)''': As MG 1, but with sights properly calibrated for the new round. Sights refitted to existing MG 1s.
 * '''MG 1A2 (MG 42/59)''': MG 1A1 variant; product improved with longer ejection port, heavy bolt and friction ring buffer.
 * '''MG 1A3''': MG 1A2 variant; product improvement of all major components.
-* '''MG 1A4''': MG 1 variant; for fixed mount armor use.
+* '''MG 1A4''': MG 1 variant; for fixed mount armour use.
 * '''MG 1A5''': MG 1A3 variant; MG1A3s converted to MG1A4 standard.
 * '''MG 2''': Designation for all wartime MG 42s rechambered to 7.62×51mm NATO.
 * '''MG 3''': MG 1A3 variant; product improved with AA rear sight.
 * '''MG 3E''': MG 3 variant; reduced weight model (roughly 1.3&nbsp;kg lighter), entered into late 1970s NATO small arms trials.
-* '''MG 3A1''': MG 3 variant; for fixed mount armor use.
+* '''MG 3A1''': MG 3 variant; for fixed mount armour use.
 * '''MG 3KWS''': MG 3 variant; developed by Rheinmetall and Tactics Group as a stand in until the [[HK121]] replaces it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2014/01/06/bundeswehr-mg3kws-upgrade-program/ |title=Bundeswehr MG3KWS Upgrade Program |last=Johnson |first=Steve |date=6 January 2014 |website=The Firearm Blog |access-date=2014-01-19}}</ref>
 * '''MG 42/59''': Italian variant produced by Beretta, Whitehead Motofides and Franchi, since 1959, Chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO. The bolt weight was increased to {{convert|1200|g|oz|2|abbr=on}}) for a reduced 800 rounds per minute cyclic rate of fire. Used mainly mounted on vehicles and has largely been phased out by the [[FN Minimi]].
 * '''Ksp m/94''': Swedish variant chambered with the 7.62×51mm NATO round. Mainly used as secondary armament in [[Stridsvagn 122]].
-<gallery widths="200" heights="135">
+==Derivatives==
-File:2019-06-15 152818 Tag der Bundeswehr.jpg|Vehicle-mounted MG 3 (2019)
+The [[Rheinmetall RMG 7.62]] is a mounted machine gun based from the Rheinmetall MG 3 with three rotating barrels (to reduce barrel erosion and overheating) is under development as a vehicle weapon. Only one barrel is active at a time: after one barrel overheats, it is rotated out for a cool one.
-File:MG3 Tripod.JPEG|MG 3 in the heavy machine gun setup on a ''Feldlafette'' tripod with mounted optical sight
-File:Poligono Mg.jpg|Italian soldier with {{ill|MG-42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}} produced by Beretta
-File:Austrian forces at Combined Resolve II (14236022975).jpg|[[Austrian Armed Forces|Austrian Army]] soldiers with {{ill|MG 74|es|Steyr MG 74|vertical-align=sup}} and [[Steyr AUG]] during a maneuver
-</gallery>
-===Multiple barrel variants===
+The MG14z is a double barrel derivative of the Rheinmetall MG 3 with two MG 3 receivers paired together. The MG14z enhances the firepower of military units that still issue the MG 3 or other MG 42 derivatives. It has been developed by the Tactics Group GmbH company as "a low-cost alternative to Miniguns".<ref name="all4shooters">{{cite web |url=http://www.all4shooters.com/en/specials/Trade-shows-2014/IWA-2014-new-products/enforcetac/Tactics-Group-MG14Z/ |title=Tactics Group MG-14z |date=2014-03-08 |website=All4shooters.com |access-date=2014-06-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103092914/http://www.all4shooters.com/en/specials/Trade-shows-2014/IWA-2014/enforcetac/Tactics-Group-MG14Z/ |archive-date=2014-11-03}}</ref>
-A mounted variant with three rotating barrels (to reduce barrel erosion and overheating) is under development as the [[Rheinmetall RMG 7.62]] as a vehicle weapon. Only one barrel is active at a time: after one barrel overheats, it is rotated out for a cool one.
-The [[MG14z]] is a double barrel variant of the MG 3 machine gun with two MG 3 receivers paired together. The MG14z enhances the firepower of military units that still issue the MG 3 or other MG 42 derivatives. It has been developed by the Tactics Group GmbH company as "a low-cost alternative to Miniguns".<ref name="all4shooters">{{cite web |url=http://www.all4shooters.com/en/specials/Trade-shows-2014/IWA-2014-new-products/enforcetac/Tactics-Group-MG14Z/ |title=Tactics Group MG-14z |date=2014-03-08 |website=All4shooters.com |access-date=2014-06-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103092914/http://www.all4shooters.com/en/specials/Trade-shows-2014/IWA-2014/enforcetac/Tactics-Group-MG14Z/ |archive-date=2014-11-03}}</ref>
-==Deployment==
-The MG 3 is still used as the standard secondary weapon of most modern German [[armoured fighting vehicle]] designs (e.g. [[Leopard 2]], [[PzH 2000]], [[Marder (IFV)|Marder]]), as a primary weapon on light/non-armored vehicles (e.g. LKW 2to, [[MAN KAT1|MAN gl-trucks]], [[ATF Dingo]]) and as an infantry weapon on light bipods as well as different tripods. The [[German Armed Forces]] have supplemented the MG 3 since 2015 with the [[Heckler & Koch MG5]] in service.
 ==Users==
-[[File:MG 3 Users.png|thumb|Map with MG 3 users in blue]]<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
+[[File:MG 3 Users.png|thumb|Map with MG 3 users in blue]]
-{{multiple image
+[[File:Austrian forces at Combined Resolve II (14236022975).jpg|thumb|[[Austrian Armed Forces|Austrian Army]] soldiers with an {{ill|MG 74|es|Steyr MG 74|vertical-align=sup}} and a [[Steyr AUG]] during the 2014 Combined Resolve II training exercise]]
- | align = right
+[[File:Poligono Mg.jpg|thumb|Italian soldier with an {{ill|MG-42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}} produced by Beretta]]
- | direction = vertical
+[[File:IVECO - OTO Melara Centauro B1 close up.JPEG|thumb|Italy employs the MG 42/59 primarily on vehicles and rotary-wing aircraft. Seen here mounted on the [[B1 Centauro]] wheeled [[tank destroyer]]]]
- | width = 250
+[[File:Norwegian soldier - Battle Griffin 2005.jpg|thumb|A pintle-mounted MG 3A1 on a Norwegian Leopard 1 armoured recovery vehicle]]
- | image1 = MG3 Training.JPEG
+[[File:A SMG produced at POF WAH.jpg|thumb|MG 3 manufactured under license by [[Pakistan Ordnance Factories]]]]
- | caption1 = German soldier and U.S. Marine training with the MG 3.
+[[File:MG-3 Infantería de Marina.JPG|thumb|[[Spanish Marines]] with an MG 3 manufactured by [[General Dynamics Santa Bárbara Sistemas]]]]
- | image2 = IVECO - OTO Melara Centauro B1 close up.JPEG
+[[File:UA marines with MG3 and Mastiff 1.jpg|thumb|[[Ukrainian Naval Infantry]] with an MG 3 during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]]]
- | caption2 = Italy employs the MG 42/59 version primarily on vehicles and rotary-wing aircraft. Seen here mounted on the [[B1 Centauro]] wheeled armoured vehicle.
- | image3 = MG-3 Infantería de Marina.JPG
- | caption3 = [[Spanish Navy Marines|Spanish Marine]] with the MG 3. Spanish guns are manufactured by [[General Dynamics Santa Bárbara Sistemas]].
- | image4 = Norwegian soldier - Battle Griffin 2005.jpg
- | caption4 = A pintle-mounted MG 3A1 on a Norwegian Leopard 1 armoured recovery vehicle.
- | image5 = A SMG produced at POF WAH.jpg
- | caption5 = MG3 manufactured under license by [[Pakistan Ordnance Factories]].
-}}
-[[File:UA marines with MG3 and Mastiff 1.jpg|thumb|[[Ukrainian Naval Infantry]] with a MG 3 during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].]]
-<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Pakistani soldiers with the MG1A3.png|thumb|Pakistani soldiers with the MG1A3 during [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|war of 1965]].]] -->
+<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
 * {{flag|Afghanistan}}: Used by the [[Mujahideen]] and [[Taliban]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=McNab |first=Chris |title=MG 34 and MG 42 Machine Guns |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2012 |page=72}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Albania}}: Used by the [[Albanian Army]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/almex_2011_daily_news_albania_defence_exhibition/the_45_albanian_army_special_forces_face-to-face_with_the_taliban_s_in_kandahar_afghanistan.html |title=The 45 Albanian Army Special forces face-to-face with the Taliban's in Kandahar, Afghanistan |date=October 29, 2011 |website=Armyrecognition.com |access-date=2022-03-10}}</ref>
@@ Line 166: / Line 165: @@
 * {{flag|Austria}}: Uses the '''{{ill|MG 74|es|Steyr MG 74|vertical-align=sup}}''' which is a {{ill|MG-42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}} variant licensed from Beretta and manufactured by [[Steyr Mannlicher]]. The {{ill|MG 74|es|Steyr MG 74|vertical-align=sup}}'s cyclic rate of fire is 850 rounds per minute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bmlv.gv.at/waffen/waf_mg74.shtml |title=Waffen und Gerät – Maschinengewehr MG 74 |website=Österreichs Bundesheer |language=de |access-date=2014-02-09}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Azerbaijan}}: The Military of Azerbaijan acquired a small quantity of MKEK MG 3s from Turkey.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}
-* {{flag|Bangladesh}} <ref>{{cite web| url=https://salw-guide.bicc.de/pdf/countries/023/bangladesh.std.en.pdf| title=SALW Guide Global distribution and visual identification Bangladesh Country report| publisher=Bonn International Center for Conversion| access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref>
+* {{flag|Bangladesh}}<ref>{{cite web| url=https://salw-guide.bicc.de/pdf/countries/023/bangladesh.std.en.pdf| title=SALW Guide Global distribution and visual identification Bangladesh Country report| publisher=Bonn International Center for Conversion| access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Brazil}}: MG3 and MG3A1 are used by the [[Brazilian Army]] at the [[Leopard 1]]A5 BR.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.exercito.gov.br/NE/2010/05/10664/10664.pdf |title=Recebimento das metralhadoras para as viaturas Leopard 1A5 BR |magazine=Noticiário do Exército |date=May 21, 2010 |number=10,664 |location=Brasília |publisher=Centro de Comunicação Social do Exército |language=pt-BR |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601094804/http://www.exercito.gov.br/NE/2010/05/10664/10664.pdf |archive-date=June 1, 2010}}</ref>
+* {{flag|Brazil}}: MG 3 and MG 3A1 are used by the [[Brazilian Army]] at the [[Leopard 1]]A5 BR.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.exercito.gov.br/NE/2010/05/10664/10664.pdf |title=Recebimento das metralhadoras para as viaturas Leopard 1A5 BR |magazine=Noticiário do Exército |date=May 21, 2010 |number=10,664 |location=Brasília |publisher=Centro de Comunicação Social do Exército |language=pt-BR |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601094804/http://www.exercito.gov.br/NE/2010/05/10664/10664.pdf |archive-date=June 1, 2010}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Canada}}: Only used on 20 [[Leopard 2|Leopard 2A6M CAN]] tanks acquired from Germany.<ref name="forces">{{cite web |url=http://www.combatcamera.forces.gc.ca/netpub/server.np?find&catalog=photos&template=detail_eng.np&field=itemid&op=matches&value=9381&site=combatcamera |title=Soldiers from C Squadron, Lord Strathcona's Horse (LdSH), wait for start time on their Leopard 2 tank |last=Duchesne |first=Simon |date=February 14, 2008 |website=Canadian Forces Combat Camera |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729013642/http://www.combatcamera.forces.gc.ca/netpub/server.np?find&catalog=photos&template=detail_eng.np&field=itemid&op=matches&value=9381&site=combatcamera |archive-date=29 July 2012}}</ref> Leopard 2s acquired from other sources will continue to use the [[FN MAG]].
 * {{flag|Cape Verde}}<ref name="jones2009">{{cite book |editor1-first=Richard D. |editor1-last=Jones |editor2-first=Leland S. |editor2-last=Ness |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 |date=January 27, 2009 |edition=35th |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Coulsdon |isbn=978-0-7106-2869-5}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Chile}}<ref name="g3defencemag">{{cite web |url=http://en.calameo.com/read/000127853fed679f5ecec |title=G3 Defence Magazine |date=2010-08-04 |website=Calameo.com |access-date=2014-02-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709233048/http://en.calameo.com/read/000127853fed679f5ecec |archive-date=2012-07-09}}</ref>
-* {{Flag|Cyprus}} <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.alphanews.live/cyprus/iereis-se-stratiotiki-askisi-erixan-boles-kai-prokalesan-antidraseis-binteo |title=Ιερείς σε στρατιωτική άσκηση: Έριξαν βολές και προκάλεσαν αντιδράσεις (ΒΙΝΤΕΟ) |date=9 February 2022 |website=Alphanews.live |language=el |access-date=2023-01-15}}</ref>
+* {{Flag|Cyprus}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.alphanews.live/cyprus/iereis-se-stratiotiki-askisi-erixan-boles-kai-prokalesan-antidraseis-binteo |title=Ιερείς σε στρατιωτική άσκηση: Έριξαν βολές και προκάλεσαν αντιδράσεις (ΒΙΝΤΕΟ) |date=9 February 2022 |website=Alphanews.live |language=el |access-date=2023-01-15}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Czech Republic}}: Used on [[Dingo 2]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acr.army.cz/technika-a-vyzbroj/tanky/-obrnene-vozidlo-dingo-2-cz-89947/ |title=Obrněné vozidlo Dingo 2 CZ |website=Armády České republiky |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321223245/http://www.acr.army.cz/technika-a-vyzbroj/tanky/-obrnene-vozidlo-dingo-2-cz-89947/ |archive-date=2014-03-21}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Denmark}}: {{ill|MG-42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}} designated '''M/62''' in Danish service.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.forsvaret.dk/viden-om/materiel/udrustning/vaaben/Pages/Maskingev%C3%A6rer.aspx |title=Maskingeværer |website=Forsvaret |access-date=2015-07-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515135657/http://www2.forsvaret.dk/viden-om/materiel/udrustning/vaaben/Pages/Maskingev%C3%A6rer.aspx |archive-date=2017-05-15}}</ref>
@@ Line 178: / Line 177: @@
 * {{flag|Germany}}: Used by the Bundeswehr.<ref name="jones2009"/>
 * {{flag|Ghana}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}}
-* {{flag|Greece}}: License production by [[Hellenic Defence Systems]] {{aka}} EAS<ref name="Rheinmetall Machinengewehr 3"/><ref name=":0" />
+* {{flag|Greece}}: License production by [[Hellenic Defence Systems]] (also known as EAS).<ref name="Rheinmetall Machinengewehr 3"/><ref name=":0"/>
 * {{flag|Iceland}}: Used by the [[Icelandic Coast Guard]].<ref name="Ruv">{{cite web |url=http://ruv.is/frett/hatt-i-400-hridskotabyssur-i-landinu |title=Hátt í 400 hríðskotabyssur í landinu |date=27 October 2014 |website=RÚV |access-date=2014-10-27}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Indonesia}}: License production<ref name ='SAS 26'/>
+* {{flag|Indonesia}}: License production.<ref name ='SAS 26'/>
 * {{flag|Iran}}: License production by [[Defense Industries Organization]] as the '''MGA3'''. Used by [[Iranian Army]]. Installed on [[Zulfiqar (tank)|Zulfiqar]] MBT.<ref name="g3defencemag"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diomil.ir/en/aig.aspx?search_id=mga3 |title=AIG: 7.62 mm Machin Gun |website=Diomil.ir |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030031846/http://www.diomil.ir/en/aig.aspx?search_id=mga3 |archive-date=October 30, 2008}}</ref>
-* {{KUR}}: [[Peshmerga]] of [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] autonomous region, 40 MG3s supplied by Germany and 100 {{ill|MG-42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}} by Italy<ref name ='SAS 2015'>{{cite book |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Highlights-EN.pdf |chapter-url= http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Chapter-04-EN.pdf |chapter=Trade Update: After the 'Arab Spring' |title=Small Arms Survey 2015: weapons and the world |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |author=Small Arms Survey |author-link=Small Arms Survey |ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2015}} |page=110 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701142546/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Highlights-EN.pdf |archive-date=July 1, 2015}}</ref>
+* {{KUR}}: [[Peshmerga]] of [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] autonomous region, 40 MG 3s supplied by Germany and 100 {{ill|MG-42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}} by Italy.<ref name ='SAS 2015'>{{cite book |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Highlights-EN.pdf |chapter-url= http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Chapter-04-EN.pdf |chapter=Trade Update: After the 'Arab Spring' |title=Small Arms Survey 2015: weapons and the world |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |author=Small Arms Survey |author-link=Small Arms Survey |ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2015}} |page=110 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701142546/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Highlights-EN.pdf |archive-date=July 1, 2015}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Italy}}: License production of the {{ill|MG-42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}} by [[Beretta]] with parts made by Whitehead Motofides and [[Luigi Franchi S.p.A.|Luigi Franchi]]; while largely replaced in squad support weapon role by the Belgian [[FN Minimi]], it still sees widespread mounted use on ground-based vehicles and helicopters.<ref name="g3defencemag"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esercito.difesa.it/root/equipaggiamenti/armi_legg.asp#individuali |title=Armi Leggere |website=Esercito Italiano: Il Portale delle Armi dei Materiali e dei Mezzi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520181849/http://www.esercito.difesa.it/root/equipaggiamenti/armi_legg.asp#individuali |archive-date=May 20, 2011}}</ref> Prior to the procurement of the Minimi, the ''Stabilimento Militare Armi Leggere'' (SMAL) at [[Terni]] has developed a kit to adapt the Italian Army's existing {{ill|MG-42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}} machine guns to accommodate [[5.56×45mm NATO]] ammunition. The kit comprises a new barrel, bolt head, feed opening and cover, recoil-enhancing element and a lighter bolt. The weight of the modified 5.56&nbsp;mm {{ill|MG-42/59|it|Beretta MG 42/59|vertical-align=sup}} machine gun remains unchanged from the original version.
-* {{flag|Latvia}}: [[Latvian Land Forces]]{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}
+* {{flag|Latvia}}: used by the [[Latvian Land Forces]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}
 * {{flag|Libya}}<ref name ='SAS 26'/>
-* {{flag|Lithuania}}: [[Lithuanian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kariuomene.kam.lt/lt/ginkluote_ir_karine_technika/kulkosvaidziai/kulkosvaidis_mg-3.html |title=Kulkosvaidis MG-3 |website=Lietuvos kariuomenė |date=2009-04-17 |language=lt |access-date=2010-10-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102060234/http://kariuomene.kam.lt/lt/ginkluote_ir_karine_technika/kulkosvaidziai/kulkosvaidis_mg-3.html |archive-date=2015-11-02}}</ref>
+* {{flag|Lithuania}}: used by the [[Lithuanian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kariuomene.kam.lt/lt/ginkluote_ir_karine_technika/kulkosvaidziai/kulkosvaidis_mg-3.html |title=Kulkosvaidis MG-3 |website=Lietuvos kariuomenė |date=2009-04-17 |language=lt |access-date=2010-10-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102060234/http://kariuomene.kam.lt/lt/ginkluote_ir_karine_technika/kulkosvaidziai/kulkosvaidis_mg-3.html |archive-date=2015-11-02}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Mexico}}: License produced by [[SEDENA]] in Mexico.<ref name="armyrecognition">{{cite web |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/mexico_mexican_army_land_ground_forces_uk/mexico_mexican_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_vehicle_pictures_information_desc.html |title=Mexican Army military equipment |website=Army Recognition |access-date=2014-01-11}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Myanmar}}<ref name="jones2009"/> Clones made in Myanmar as the MA 15.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.twoeggz.com/news/6578454.html |title=活跃在缅甸内战中的德国MG3机枪 |trans-title=German MG3 machine guns active in the Burmese Civil War |language=zh |date=2018-01-22 |website=Twoeggz.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803104154/http://www.twoeggz.com/news/6578454.html |archive-date=2018-08-03}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Niger}}<ref name ='Tessieres'>{{Cite report |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/U-Reports/SAS-SANA-Report-Niger.pdf |title=At the Crossroads of Sahelian Conflicts: Insecurity, Terrorism, and Arms Trafficking in Niger |last=de Tessières |first=Savannah |date=January 2018 |page=58 |publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]] |language=en |isbn=978-2-940548-48-4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612184751/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/U-Reports/SAS-SANA-Report-Niger.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2018}}</ref>
+* {{flag|Niger}}<ref name ="Tessieres">{{Cite report |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/U-Reports/SAS-SANA-Report-Niger.pdf |title=At the Crossroads of Sahelian Conflicts: Insecurity, Terrorism, and Arms Trafficking in Niger |last=de Tessières |first=Savannah |date=January 2018 |page=58 |publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]] |language=en |isbn=978-2-940548-48-4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612184751/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/U-Reports/SAS-SANA-Report-Niger.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2018}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Nigeria}}<ref name="auto">{{cite book |title=Modern African Wars (5): The Nigerian-Biafran War 1967–70 |last=Jowett |first=Philip |year=2016 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1-472816092 |page=20}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Norway}}<ref name="jones2009"/> In use by the Home Guard and Navy. Replaced in Army service by the FN Minimi and FN MAG in 2019.
@@ Line 198: / Line 197: @@
 * {{flag|Sao Tome and Principe}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
 * {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
-* {{Flag|Slovakia}}: Mounted on [[Leopard 2]]A4<ref>{{Citation |title=Ostré streľby z tankov Leopard 2A4 {{!}} Pozemné sily {{!}} Ozbrojené sily SR | date=14 August 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEmlpssyWvI |access-date=2023-08-31 |language=en}}</ref>
+* {{Flag|Slovakia}}: Mounted on [[Leopard 2]]A4.<ref>{{Citation |title=Ostré streľby z tankov Leopard 2A4 {{!}} Pozemné sily {{!}} Ozbrojené sily SR | date=14 August 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEmlpssyWvI |access-date=2023-08-31 |language=en}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Spain}}: Made under license.<ref name="g3defencemag"/>
 * {{flag|Sri Lanka}} Used by the [[Sri Lankan Armed Forces]] in limited numbers.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}
@@ Line 207: / Line 206: @@
 * {{flag|Tunisia}}<ref name ='SAS 26'>{{cite book |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/F-Working-papers/SAS-SANA-WP26-Libya-web-trafficking.pdf |title=Web Trafficking: Analysing the Online Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Libya |first1=N.R.|last1= Jenzen-Jones |first2=Ian |last2=McCollum |date=April 2017 |series=Working Paper No. 26 |publisher=Small Arms Survey |page=85 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516085143/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/F-Working-papers/SAS-SANA-WP26-Libya-web-trafficking.pdf |archive-date=May 16, 2017}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Turkey}}: Made by MKEK in [[Kırıkkale Province|Kırıkkale]] under license since 1974<ref name="mkek"/> for the [[Turkish Armed Forces]] and [[Turkish Gendarmerie]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jandarma.tsk.mil.tr/silahlar/silahlaric.htm |title=Si̇lahlar |website=[[Gendarmerie General Command]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414160114/http://www.jandarma.tsk.mil.tr/silahlar/silahlaric.htm |archive-date=April 14, 2009}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Ukraine}}: Ukrainian armed forces have been given MG3 to aid them in the Russian invasion of 2022.<ref name="bulgarianmilitary.com">{{Cite web |url=https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2022/03/28/1500-of-soviet-9k32-strela-2-manpads-and-100-mg3-arrived-in-ukraine/ |title=1,500 Soviet Strela-2 MANPADS and 100 MG3 arrived in Ukraine |last=Nikolov |first=Boyko |date=March 28, 2022 |website=BulgarianMilitary.com}}</ref> At least 130 MG3 have been provided by Germany.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/krieg-in-der-ukraine/lieferungen-ukraine-2054514 |title=Militärische Unterstützungsleistungen für die Ukraine |language=de |website=Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung |access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref>
+* {{flag|Ukraine}}: Ukrainian armed forces have been given MG 3 to aid them in the Russian invasion of 2022.<ref name="bulgarianmilitary.com">{{Cite web |url=https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2022/03/28/1500-of-soviet-9k32-strela-2-manpads-and-100-mg3-arrived-in-ukraine/ |title=1,500 Soviet Strela-2 MANPADS and 100 MG3 arrived in Ukraine |last=Nikolov |first=Boyko |date=March 28, 2022 |website=BulgarianMilitary.com}}</ref> At least 130 MG 3 have been provided by Germany.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/krieg-in-der-ukraine/lieferungen-ukraine-2054514 |title=Militärische Unterstützungsleistungen für die Ukraine |language=de |website=Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung |access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Uruguay}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3125084/ejercito-uruguay-recibe-millar-ametralladoras-mg-3-adquiridas-espana |title=El Ejército de Uruguay recibe un millar de ametralladoras MG-3 adquiridas a España |last=Porfilio |first=Gabriel |date=September 25, 2020 |website=InfoDefensa |access-date=20 April 2022 |language=es}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Yemen}}: pro-Saudi forces and [[Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]]<ref name="Yemen inquiry">{{cite news |last=Austin |first=Rod |date=28 November 2018 |title=Yemen: inquiry finds Saudis diverting arms to factions loyal to their cause |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/nov/28/arms-yemen-militia-were-supplied-by-west-find-analysts}}</ref>
+* {{flag|Yemen}}: pro-Saudi forces and [[Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]].<ref name="Yemen inquiry">{{cite news |last=Austin |first=Rod |date=28 November 2018 |title=Yemen: inquiry finds Saudis diverting arms to factions loyal to their cause |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/nov/28/arms-yemen-militia-were-supplied-by-west-find-analysts}}</ref>
-=== Non state users ===
+===Non state users===
 * {{flag|ISIL}}<ref name="Abu">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aM3ElTvF52I&t=1m52s |title=What It's Really Like to Fight for the Islamic State |author=VICE News |date=April 27, 2016 |website=YouTube |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/aM3ElTvF52I |archive-date=2021-12-12}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
 * [[File:Provisional Irish Republican Army Badge.svg|22px]] [[Provisional IRA]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Arms trial hears of 'dreaded weapon' |date=5 February 1994 |newspaper=Irish Independent}}</ref>
-== Conflicts ==
+==Conflicts==
-=== Before 1959 ===
 * [[Myanmar conflict|Myanmar Conflict]] (1948 - present)
-=== 1960's ===
 * [[Nigerian Civil War]] (1967 - 1970)
 * [[The Troubles]] (1960's - 1990's)
-=== 1970's ===
 * [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] (1971)<ref name="mcnab2002">{{cite book |last=McNab |first=Chris |title=20th Century Military Uniforms |publisher=Grange Books |year=2002 |isbn=1-84013-476-3 |edition=2nd |location=Kent |page=31}}</ref>
 * [[Lebanese Civil War]] (1975 - 1990)
 * [[Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency|Kurdistan Workers Party Insurgency]] (1978 - present)
 * [[Afghan conflict|Afghan Conflict]] (1978 - present)
-=== 1980's ===
 * [[Iran–Iraq War]] (1980 - 1988)
 * [[Second Sudanese Civil War]] (1983 - 2005)<ref>{{cite journal |date=August 1998 |title=Sudan – Global trade, local impact: Arms Transfers to all Sides in the Civil War in Sudan |url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/sudan0898%20Report.pdf |journal=Human Rights Watch Report |volume=10 |issue=4 |page=25}}</ref>
 * [[Somali Civil War]] (1988 - present)
-=== 1990's ===
 * [[Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)|Afghan Civil War]] (1992 - 1996)
 * [[Kargil War]] (1999)
-=== 2000's ===
 * [[Iraqi conflict|Iraqi Conflict]] (2003 - present)<ref name="Abu2">{{cite web |author=VICE News |date=April 27, 2016 |title=What It's Really Like to Fight for the Islamic State |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aM3ElTvF52I&t=1m52s |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/aM3ElTvF52I |archive-date=2021-12-12 |website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
 * [[Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] (2004 - present)
-* [[Boko Haram insurgency]] (2009 - present)<ref name="Tessieres2" />
+* [[Boko Haram insurgency]] (2009 - present)<ref name="Tessieres"/>
-=== 2010's ===
 * [[Libyan crisis (2011–present)|Libyan Crisis]] (2011 - present)
 * [[Syrian civil war|Syrian Civil War]] (2011 - present)
 * [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] (2014 - present)<ref name="bulgarianmilitary.com2">{{Cite web |last=Nikolov |first=Boyko |date=March 28, 2022 |title=1,500 Soviet Strela-2 MANPADS and 100 MG3 arrived in Ukraine |url=https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2022/03/28/1500-of-soviet-9k32-strela-2-manpads-and-100-mg3-arrived-in-ukraine/ |website=BulgarianMilitary.com}}</ref>
 * [[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)|Yemeni Civil War]] (2015 - present)<ref>{{cite AV media |url=http://4d.rtvslo.si/arhiv/dnevnik/174353873 |title=Dnevnik |language=sl |publisher=Radiotelevizija Slovenija |year=2015 |location=Ljubljana, Slovenia |time=17:13 |access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref>
-=== 2020's ===
 * [[Myanmar civil war (2021–present)|Myanmar Civil War]] (2021 - present)
@@ Line 269: / Line 241: @@
 ==References==
-=== Citations ===
 {{Reflist}}
-== General and cited references ==
+==Citations==
 * {{Cite book |last=Ezell |first=Edward C. |year=1988 |title=Small Arms Today 2nd Edition |location=Harrisburg, PA |publisher=Stackpole Books}}
 * {{Cite book |last=Woźniak |first=Ryszard |year=2001 |title=Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 3 M-P |language=pl |location=Warsaw |publisher=Bellona |isbn=83-11-09311-3}}
@@ Line 278: / Line 249: @@
 ==External links==
 {{Commons|MG3}}
-* [http://www.bimbel.de/artikel/artikel-14.html Bimbel.de—MG3 disassembled]
+* [http://www.bimbel.de/artikel/artikel-14.html Bimbel.de—MG 3 disassembled]
-* [http://www.bimbel.de/artikel/artikel-26.html Bimbel.de—MG3 on mount]
+* [http://www.bimbel.de/artikel/artikel-26.html Bimbel.de—MG 3 on mount]
 * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAxkvctd5Ps MG 3 video]
 * {{YouTube|TfL_jlGyKCE|Video simulation of how a MG 3 works}}
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029205451/http://www.pof.gov.pk/IW_MG3.aspx Machine Gun MG3 (MG1A3)]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029205451/http://www.pof.gov.pk/IW_MG3.aspx Machine Gun MG 3 (MG1A3)]
 * [[:File:ZDv 3-14 Das Maschinengewehr.pdf|ZDv 3–14 Das Maschinengewehr]]
-* [https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/ausruestung-bewaffnung/mg3 Das Maschinengewehr MG3]
+* [https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/ausruestung-bewaffnung/mg3 Das Maschinengewehr MG 3]
 {{Rheinmetall}}

MG 3 machine gun: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 04:53, 28 June 2025

History

Deployment

Reliability

Operational use

Design details

Operating mechanism

Barrel

Feeding system

Sights

Danish C79 LMG Optic

Bipod and tripod

Variants

Derivatives

Users

Non state users

Conflicts

See also

References

Citations

External links

Navigation menu

Search