2C-P: Difference between revisions
imported>GreenC bot Reformat 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#fda.gov |
imported>AlyInWikiWonderland Rearrange sections. |
||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
| dependency_liability = | | dependency_liability = | ||
| addiction_liability = | | addiction_liability = | ||
| routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|Oral]]<ref name=" | | routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|Oral]]<ref name="PiHKAL" /> | ||
| class = [[Serotonin]]; [[5-HT2 receptor|5-HT<sub>2</sub> receptor]] [[agonist]]; [[Serotonergic psychedelic]]; [[Hallucinogen]] | | class = [[Serotonin]]; [[5-HT2 receptor|5-HT<sub>2</sub> receptor]] [[agonist]]; [[Serotonergic psychedelic]]; [[Hallucinogen]] | ||
| ATC_prefix = None | | ATC_prefix = None | ||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
| onset = | | onset = | ||
| elimination_half-life = | | elimination_half-life = | ||
| duration_of_action = 10–16 hours<ref name=" | | duration_of_action = 10–16 hours<ref name="PiHKAL" /> | ||
| excretion = | | excretion = | ||
| Line 80: | Line 80: | ||
'''2C-P''', also known as '''2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine''', is a relatively [[potency (pharmacology)|potent]] and long-acting [[psychedelic drug|psychedelic]] [[phenethylamine]] of the [[2C (psychedelics)|2C family]]. | '''2C-P''', also known as '''2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine''', is a relatively [[potency (pharmacology)|potent]] and long-acting [[psychedelic drug|psychedelic]] [[phenethylamine]] of the [[2C (psychedelics)|2C family]]. | ||
== | ==Use and effects== | ||
In his book ''[[PiHKAL]]'', Shulgin listed 2C-P's | In his book ''[[PiHKAL]]'', Shulgin listed 2C-P's dose range as 6 to 10{{nbsp}}mg and wrote that while most reports with doses between 6 and 12{{nbsp}}mg were favorable, "there was one report of an experience in which a single dosage of 16{{nbsp}}mg was clearly an overdose, with the entire experiment labeled a physical disaster, not to be repeated."<ref name="PiHKAL" /> He cautioned readers regarding dosing with 2C-P by commenting that "a consistent observation is that there may not be too much latitude in dosage between that which would be modest, or adequate, and that which would be excessive. The need for individual titration would be most important with this compound."<ref name="PiHKAL" /> 2C-P is one of the most potent compounds in the [[2C (psychedelics)|2C]] family of psychedelics, rivaled only by [[2C-TFM]]. A wider dosage range of 1 to 16{{nbsp}}mg or more, with a dose estimate of 7{{nbsp}}mg, has also been reported.<ref name="LuethiLiechti2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luethi D, Liechti ME | title = Monoamine Transporter and Receptor Interaction Profiles in Vitro Predict Reported Human Doses of Novel Psychoactive Stimulants and Psychedelics | journal = Int J Neuropsychopharmacol | volume = 21 | issue = 10 | pages = 926–931 | date = October 2018 | pmid = 29850881 | pmc = 6165951 | doi = 10.1093/ijnp/pyy047 | url = }}</ref> | ||
2C-P produces intense [[Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants|hallucinogenic]], [[psychedelic drug|psychedelic]], and [[entheogen]]ic effects including [[open-eye visual]]s and [[closed-eye visual]]s.<ref name="PiHKAL" /> It can have a very slow [[onset of action|onset]] taken orally, and peak effects reportedly do not occur for 3 to 5{{nbsp}}hours.<ref name="PiHKAL" /> The peak lasts for 5 to 10{{nbsp}}hours, with the overall [[duration of action|duration]] of the experience lasting up to 20{{nbsp}}hours.<ref name="PiHKAL" /> | |||
2C-P produces intense [[Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants|hallucinogenic]], [[psychedelic drug|psychedelic]], and [[entheogen]]ic effects including open eye | |||
==Overdoses and deaths== | |||
Unknown (or unreported) dosages taken by teenagers at a [[Connecticut]], US concert in September 2013 caused seven people to require emergency medical help including [[CPR]] and [[defibrillation]] to resuscitate some of them, with all seven being taken to a hospital and four of those being hospitalized until at least the next day.<ref name="wtnh.com2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.wtnh.com/news/connecticut/four-overdose-at-quassy-amusement-park-concert|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127001211/http://www.wtnh.com/news/connecticut/four-overdose-at-quassy-amusement-park-concert|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 November 2013|title=Four overdose at Quassy Amusement Park concert - WTNH.com Connecticut|date=27 November 2013}}</ref> It was reported that none of the overdose victims died<ref name="hlntv.com">{{cite news | url = http://www.hlntv.com/video/2013/09/23/2c-p-drug-hallucinate-overdose-concert-party | title = New 'it' drug? Molly's powerful, deadly cousin | publisher = HLN TV | access-date = 2015-04-06 | archive-date = 2016-03-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021254/http://www.hlntv.com/video/2013/09/23/2c-p-drug-hallucinate-overdose-concert-party | url-status = live }}</ref> while [[CNN]]'s "OutFront" blog claimed the police called it a "mass casualty event"<ref name="outfront">{{cite web|url=http://outfront.blogs.cnn.com/2013/09/23/police-2c-p-and-molly-involved-in-drug-overdoses-amusement-park-concert/|title=Police: "2C-P" and "Molly" involved in drug overdoses amusement park concert|website=cnn.com|access-date=2015-04-06|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235148/http://outfront.blogs.cnn.com/2013/09/23/police-2c-p-and-molly-involved-in-drug-overdoses-amusement-park-concert/|url-status=dead}}</ref> blaming the problems on 2C-P and drugs apparently being sold as "Molly", a common name for [[MDMA]]. | |||
Louella Fletcher-Michie, the daughter of actor [[John Michie]], died from a 2C-P overdose in September 2017 at the [[Bestival]] festival in [[Dorset]], UK, the first reported death from 2C-P.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Siddique |first1=Haroon |title=Party drugs killed TV actor's daughter at music festival, court hears |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/feb/05/louella-fletcher-michie-death-bestival-overdose-trial |access-date=5 February 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=5 February 2019 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205145432/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/feb/05/louella-fletcher-michie-death-bestival-overdose-trial |url-status=live }}</ref> Her boyfriend was found guilty of manslaughter, for giving her the drug and failing to act to help her for over six hours after she overdosed. His conviction for failing to act was quashed in August 2020.<ref>{{Cite news | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-dorset-47413161 | title = Bestival death: Ceon Broughton jailed for manslaughter | date = March 1, 2019 | work = BBC News | access-date = September 3, 2019 | archive-date = September 14, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190914091148/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-dorset-47413161 | url-status = live }}</ref> | |||
==Interactions== | ==Interactions== | ||
| Line 90: | Line 94: | ||
2C drugs like 2C-P are known to be [[drug metabolism|metabolized]] by the [[monoamine oxidase]] (MAO) [[enzyme]]s [[MAO-A]] and [[MAO-B]].<ref name="DeanStellpflugBurnett2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dean BV, Stellpflug SJ, Burnett AM, Engebretsen KM | title = 2C or not 2C: phenethylamine designer drug review | journal = J Med Toxicol | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 172–178 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23494844 | pmc = 3657019 | doi = 10.1007/s13181-013-0295-x | url = }}</ref><ref name="TheobaldMaurer2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Theobald DS, Maurer HH | title = Identification of monoamine oxidase and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes involved in the deamination of phenethylamine-derived designer drugs (2C-series) | journal = Biochem Pharmacol | volume = 73 | issue = 2 | pages = 287–297 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17067556 | doi = 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.022 | url = }}</ref> [[Monoamine oxidase inhibitor]]s (MAOIs) such as [[phenelzine]], [[tranylcypromine]], [[moclobemide]], and [[selegiline]] may potentiate the effects of 2C drugs like 2C-P.<ref name="DeanStellpflugBurnett2013" /><ref name="TheobaldMaurer2007" /><ref name="HalmanKongSarris2024">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Halman A, Kong G, Sarris J, Perkins D |date=January 2024 |title=Drug-drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: A systematic review |journal=J Psychopharmacol |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=3–18 |doi=10.1177/02698811231211219 |pmc=10851641 |pmid=37982394}}</ref> This may result in [[overdose]] and serious [[toxicity]].<ref name="HalmanKongSarris2024" /><ref name="DeanStellpflugBurnett2013" /> | 2C drugs like 2C-P are known to be [[drug metabolism|metabolized]] by the [[monoamine oxidase]] (MAO) [[enzyme]]s [[MAO-A]] and [[MAO-B]].<ref name="DeanStellpflugBurnett2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dean BV, Stellpflug SJ, Burnett AM, Engebretsen KM | title = 2C or not 2C: phenethylamine designer drug review | journal = J Med Toxicol | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 172–178 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23494844 | pmc = 3657019 | doi = 10.1007/s13181-013-0295-x | url = }}</ref><ref name="TheobaldMaurer2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Theobald DS, Maurer HH | title = Identification of monoamine oxidase and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes involved in the deamination of phenethylamine-derived designer drugs (2C-series) | journal = Biochem Pharmacol | volume = 73 | issue = 2 | pages = 287–297 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17067556 | doi = 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.022 | url = }}</ref> [[Monoamine oxidase inhibitor]]s (MAOIs) such as [[phenelzine]], [[tranylcypromine]], [[moclobemide]], and [[selegiline]] may potentiate the effects of 2C drugs like 2C-P.<ref name="DeanStellpflugBurnett2013" /><ref name="TheobaldMaurer2007" /><ref name="HalmanKongSarris2024">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Halman A, Kong G, Sarris J, Perkins D |date=January 2024 |title=Drug-drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: A systematic review |journal=J Psychopharmacol |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=3–18 |doi=10.1177/02698811231211219 |pmc=10851641 |pmid=37982394}}</ref> This may result in [[overdose]] and serious [[toxicity]].<ref name="HalmanKongSarris2024" /><ref name="DeanStellpflugBurnett2013" /> | ||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
{| class="wikitable | {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:small;" | ||
|+ {{Nowrap|2C-P activities}} | |+ {{Nowrap|2C-P activities}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 176: | Line 175: | ||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
2C-P is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-''n''-propylphenethylamine. The full name of the chemical is 2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenyl)ethanamine. The hydrochloride salt is the most common form, normally found as a white powder,<ref name="erowid images">{{cite web|url=https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cp/2cp_images.shtml|title=Erowid 2C-P Vault : Images|website=erowid.org|access-date=2015-04-06|archive-date=2015-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412182137/https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cp/2cp_images.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=October 2017}} or white crystals.<ref name=" | 2C-P is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-''n''-propylphenethylamine. The full name of the chemical is 2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenyl)ethanamine. The hydrochloride salt is the most common form, normally found as a white powder,<ref name="erowid images">{{cite web|url=https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cp/2cp_images.shtml|title=Erowid 2C-P Vault : Images|website=erowid.org|access-date=2015-04-06|archive-date=2015-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412182137/https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/2cp/2cp_images.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=October 2017}} or white crystals.<ref name="PiHKAL">{{cite web|url=https://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal036.shtml|title=Erowid Online Books : "PIHKAL" - #36 2C-P|website=erowid.org|access-date=2015-04-06|archive-date=2015-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421231415/https://erowid.org/library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal036.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
[[Alexander Shulgin]]'s 2C-P crude freebase (soluble in chloroform), after "removal of the solvent under vacuum," was an [[off-white]] colored oil which he [[distillation|distilled]] at 100–110 °C at {{convert|0.3|mmHg|Pa|order=flip|abbr=on}} (turning it "water white" in color), and it "spontaneously crystallized" upon cooling. | [[Alexander Shulgin]]'s 2C-P crude freebase (soluble in chloroform), after "removal of the solvent under vacuum," was an [[off-white]] colored oil which he [[distillation|distilled]] at 100–110 °C at {{convert|0.3|mmHg|Pa|order=flip|abbr=on}} (turning it "water white" in color), and it "spontaneously crystallized" upon cooling. | ||
==History== | |||
2C-P was first described in the [[scientific literature]] by at least 1991.<ref name="PiHKAL" /> | |||
==Society and culture== | ==Society and culture== | ||
Latest revision as of 22:27, 20 June 2025
Template:Main other <templatestyles src="Infobox drug/styles.css"/> Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "TemplatePar".{{Infobox drug/maintenance categoriesTemplate:Yesno | drug_name = | INN = | _drugtype =
| _has_physiological_data= | _has_gene_therapy=
| vaccine_type= | mab_type= | _number_of_combo_chemicals=Script error: No such module "ParameterCount". | _vaccine_data= | _mab_data= | _mab_vaccine_data= | _mab_other_data=132112COC1=C(CCN)C=C(OC)C(CCC)=C11S/C13H21NO2/c1-4-5-10-8-13(16-3)11(6-7-14)9-12(10)15-2/h8-9H,4-7,14H2,1-3H3PZJOKFZGPTVNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-NTemplate:StdinchiciteTemplate:Stdinchicite2072097Template:Ndash9Template:Nbspmg/mL (20Template:Nbsp°C) | _combo_data= | _physiological_data= | _clinical_data= Oral[1]Serotonin; 5-HT2 receptor agonist; Serotonergic psychedelic; HallucinogenNone | _legal_data=
| _other_data=2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenyl)ethan-1-amine
| _image_0_or_2 = 2C-P2DACS.svg2C-P-3d-sticks.png | _image_LR =
| _datapage = 2C-P (data page) | _vaccine_target=_type_not_vaccine | _legal_all= | _ATC_prefix_supplemental=None | _has_EMA_link = | CAS_number=207740-22-5 | PubChem=44350080 | ChemSpiderID=21106226 | ChEBI= | ChEMBL=339136 | DrugBank= | KEGG= | _hasInChI_or_Key=yes | UNII=DPS1JI878J | _hasJmol02 = |_hasMultipleCASnumbers = |_hasMultiplePubChemCIDs = |_hasMultipleChEBIs =
| _countSecondIDs=Script error: No such module "ParameterCount". | _countIndexlabels=Script error: No such module "ParameterCount". | _trackListSortletter= |QID = |QID2 = |Verifiedfields=verified |Watchedfields=verified |verifiedrevid=477216468}}
2C-P, also known as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenethylamine, is a relatively potent and long-acting psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family.
Use and effects
In his book PiHKAL, Shulgin listed 2C-P's dose range as 6 to 10Template:Nbspmg and wrote that while most reports with doses between 6 and 12Template:Nbspmg were favorable, "there was one report of an experience in which a single dosage of 16Template:Nbspmg was clearly an overdose, with the entire experiment labeled a physical disaster, not to be repeated."[1] He cautioned readers regarding dosing with 2C-P by commenting that "a consistent observation is that there may not be too much latitude in dosage between that which would be modest, or adequate, and that which would be excessive. The need for individual titration would be most important with this compound."[1] 2C-P is one of the most potent compounds in the 2C family of psychedelics, rivaled only by 2C-TFM. A wider dosage range of 1 to 16Template:Nbspmg or more, with a dose estimate of 7Template:Nbspmg, has also been reported.[2]
2C-P produces intense hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects including open-eye visuals and closed-eye visuals.[1] It can have a very slow onset taken orally, and peak effects reportedly do not occur for 3 to 5Template:Nbsphours.[1] The peak lasts for 5 to 10Template:Nbsphours, with the overall duration of the experience lasting up to 20Template:Nbsphours.[1]
Overdoses and deaths
Unknown (or unreported) dosages taken by teenagers at a Connecticut, US concert in September 2013 caused seven people to require emergency medical help including CPR and defibrillation to resuscitate some of them, with all seven being taken to a hospital and four of those being hospitalized until at least the next day.[3] It was reported that none of the overdose victims died[4] while CNN's "OutFront" blog claimed the police called it a "mass casualty event"[5] blaming the problems on 2C-P and drugs apparently being sold as "Molly", a common name for MDMA.
Louella Fletcher-Michie, the daughter of actor John Michie, died from a 2C-P overdose in September 2017 at the Bestival festival in Dorset, UK, the first reported death from 2C-P.[6] Her boyfriend was found guilty of manslaughter, for giving her the drug and failing to act to help her for over six hours after she overdosed. His conviction for failing to act was quashed in August 2020.[7]
Interactions
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
2C drugs like 2C-P are known to be metabolized by the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes MAO-A and MAO-B.[8][9] Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as phenelzine, tranylcypromine, moclobemide, and selegiline may potentiate the effects of 2C drugs like 2C-P.[8][9][10] This may result in overdose and serious toxicity.[10][8]
Pharmacology
| Target | Affinity (Ki, nM) |
|---|---|
| 5-HT1A | 110 |
| 5-HT1B | ND |
| 5-HT1D | ND |
| 5-HT1E | ND |
| 5-HT1F | ND |
| 5-HT2A | 8.1 (Ki) 90 (Template:Abbrlink) 63% (Template:Abbrlink) |
| 5-HT2B | ND (Ki) 130 (EC50) 72% (Emax) |
| 5-HT2C | 40 (Ki) ND (EC50) ND (Emax) |
| 5-HT3 | ND |
| 5-HT4 | ND |
| 5-HT5A | ND |
| 5-HT6 | ND |
| 5-HT7 | ND |
| α1A | 3,500 |
| α1B, α1D | ND |
| α2A | 90 |
| α2B, α2C | ND |
| β1–β3 | ND |
| D1 | 8,400 |
| D2 | 2,300 |
| D3 | 5,200 |
| D4, D5 | ND |
| H1 | 21,000 |
| H2–H4 | ND |
| M1–M5 | ND |
| I1 | ND |
| σ1, σ2 | ND |
| Template:Abbrlink | 280 (Ki) (mouse) 20 (Ki) (rat) 560 (EC50) (mouse) 30 (EC50) (rat) 4,200 (EC50) (human) 91% (Emax) (mouse) 84% (Emax) (rat) 72% (Emax) (human) |
| Template:Abbrlink | 19,000 (Ki) 30,000 (Template:Abbrlink) ND (EC50) |
| Template:Abbrlink | 18,000 (Ki) 94,000 (IC50) ND (EC50) |
| Template:Abbrlink | 40,000 (Ki) 198,000 (IC50) ND (EC50) |
| Notes: The smaller the value, the more avidly the drug binds to the site. All proteins are human unless otherwise specified. Refs: [11][12][13] | |
2C-P acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.[12] It also binds to the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor with about 14-fold lower affinity than for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.[12] The drug shows little or no affinity for the monoamine transporters (MATs) and shows very weak or negligible monoamine reuptake inhibition.[12][14] It shows high affinity for the rat trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and lower but still high affinity for the mouse TAAR1.[12]
In contrast to many other psychedelics, 2C-P, as well as 2C-C and certain 2C NBOMe analogues, has shown reinforcing effects in rodents.[15][14] It produces dose-dependent conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice and self-administration in rats.[15][14] These findings suggest that 2C-P may have misuse potential.[15][14] The mechanism by which these effects are produced is unknown.[14] However, 2C-P was found to decrease dopamine transporter (DAT) expression and to increase DAT phosphorylation in the nucleus accumbens similarly to methamphetamine in rodents.[15][14] Decreased DAT expression may result in reduced dopamine reuptake, while DAT phosphorylation is associated with dopamine reverse transport and efflux, in turn increasing extracellular dopamine levels.[15][14]
2C-P has also been found to produce neurotoxicity at high doses in rodents, which appears to be mediated via neuroinflammation.[14]
The drug only weakly inhibits the monoamine oxidases.[16]
Chemistry
2C-P is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-n-propylphenethylamine. The full name of the chemical is 2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenyl)ethanamine. The hydrochloride salt is the most common form, normally found as a white powder,[17]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". or white crystals.[1]
Alexander Shulgin's 2C-P crude freebase (soluble in chloroform), after "removal of the solvent under vacuum," was an off-white colored oil which he distilled at 100–110 °C at Template:Convert (turning it "water white" in color), and it "spontaneously crystallized" upon cooling.
History
2C-P was first described in the scientific literature by at least 1991.[1]
Society and culture
Legal status
2C-P is not scheduled by the United Nations' Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
Canada
As of October 31, 2016; 2C-P is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada.[18]
China
As of October 2015 2C-P is a controlled substance in China.[19]
Denmark
In Denmark, 2C-P has been added to the list of Schedule B controlled substances.[20]
Finland
Scheduled in "government decree on psychoactive substances banned from the consumer market".[21]
Germany
2C-P is an Anlage I controlled drug.
Sweden
The Riksdag added 2C-P to Narcotic Drugs Punishments Act under swedish schedule I ("substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use" ) as of August 16, 2016, published by Medical Products Agency (MPA) in regulation HSLF-FS 2016:80 listed as 2,5-dimetoxi-4-propylfenetylamin.[22]
United Kingdom
2C-P is a Class A drug in the UK.[23]
United States
2C-P was placed into Schedule I (with the DEA Drug Code of 7524) making it illegal to possess, distribute and/or manufacture without a license in the United States by an act of the US Congress on July 9, 2012 when US President Barack Obama signed the Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012 (SDAPA).[24] The law came into effect on January 4, 2013.[25]
Popular culture
In the first episode of the CBS fictional TV drama series Battle Creek, a local police detective is tasked with solving a double murder where an assisting FBI agent claims the victims were operating a clandestine laboratory manufacturing 2C-P.
See also
References
External links
- 2C-P - Isomer Design
- 2C-P - PsychonautWiki
- 2C-P - Erowid
- 2C-P - PiHKAL - Erowid
- 2C-P - PiHKAL - Isomer Design
- 2C-P: The Strongest Member of the 2C Family of Psychedelics - Tripsitter
Template:Psychedelics Template:Serotonin receptor modulators Template:TAAR modulators Script error: No such module "Navbox".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".