Silicate mineral: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:30, 1 July 2025

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates

Lithium aluminium silicate mineral spodumene

Silicate minerals are rock-forming minerals made up of silicate groups. They are the largest and most important class of minerals and make up approximately 90 percent of Earth's crust.^[1]^[2]^[3]

In mineralogy, the crystalline forms of silica (Template:Chem2) are usually considered to be tectosilicates, and they are classified as such in the Dana system (75.1). However, the Nickel-Strunz system classifies them as oxide minerals (4.DA). Silica is found in nature as the mineral quartz and its polymorphs.

On Earth, a wide variety of silicate minerals occur in an even wider range of combinations as a result of the processes that have been forming and re-working the crust for billions of years. These processes include partial melting, crystallization, fractionation, metamorphism, weathering, and diagenesis.

File:Diatomaceous Earth BrightField.jpg

Diatomaceous earth, a biogenic form of silica as viewed under a microscope. The imaged region measures approximately 1.13 by 0.69 mm.

Living organisms also contribute to this geologic cycle. For example, a type of plankton known as diatoms construct their exoskeletons ("frustules") from silica extracted from seawater. The frustules of dead diatoms are a major constituent of deep ocean sediment, and of diatomaceous earth.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

General structure

A silicate mineral is generally an inorganic compound consisting of subunits with the formula [SiO_2+n]²ⁿ⁻. Although depicted as such, the description of silicates as anions is a simplification. Balancing the charges of the silicate anions are metal cations, M^x+. Typical cations are Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Na⁺. The Si-O-M linkage between the silicates and the metals are strong, polar-covalent bonds. Silicate anions ([SiO_2+n]²ⁿ⁻) are invariably colorless, or when crushed to a fine powder, white. The colors of silicate minerals arise from the metal component, commonly iron.

In most silicate minerals, silicon is tetrahedral, being surrounded by four oxides. The coordination number of the oxides is variable except when it bridges two silicon centers, in which case the oxide has a coordination number of two.

Some silicon centers may be replaced by atoms of other elements, still bound to the four corner oxygen corners. If the substituted atom is not normally tetravalent, it usually contributes extra charge to the anion, which then requires extra cations. For example, in the mineral orthoclase Template:Chem, the anion is a tridimensional network of tetrahedra in which all oxygen corners are shared. If all tetrahedra had silicon centers, the anion would be just neutral silica Template:Chem. Replacement of one in every four silicon atoms by an aluminum atom results in the anion Template:Chem, whose charge is neutralized by the potassium cations Template:Chem.

Main groups

In mineralogy, silicate minerals are classified into seven major groups according to the structure of their silicate anion:^[4]^[5]

Major group	Structure	Chemical formula	Example
Nesosilicates	isolated silicon tetrahedra	[SiO₄]⁴⁻	olivine, garnet, zircon...
Sorosilicates	double tetrahedra	[Si₂O₇]⁶⁻	epidote, melilite group
Cyclosilicates	rings	[Si_nO_3n]²ⁿ⁻	beryl group, tourmaline group
Inosilicates	single chain	[Si_nO_3n]²ⁿ⁻	pyroxene group
Inosilicates	double chain	[Si_4nO_11n]⁶ⁿ⁻	amphibole group
Phyllosilicates	sheets	[Si_2nO_5n]²ⁿ⁻	micas and clays
Tectosilicates	3D framework	[Al_xSi_yO_(2x+2y)]^x−	quartz, feldspars, zeolites

Tectosilicates can only have additional cations if some of the silicon is replaced by an atom of lower valence such as aluminum. Al for Si substitution is common.

Nesosilicates or orthosilicates

File:Silicate-tetrahedron-3D-balls.png

Orthosilicate anion Template:Chem. The grey ball represents the silicon atom, and the red balls are the oxygen atoms.

File:Nesosilicates exhibit, Museum of Geology, South Dakota.jpg

Nesosilicate specimens at the Museum of Geology in South Dakota

Template:Main category Nesosilicates (from Greek Template:Wikt-lang Template:Transliteration 'island'), or orthosilicates, have the orthosilicate ion, present as isolated (insular) Template:Chem2 tetrahedra connected only by interstitial cations. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.A –examples include:

Phenakite group
- Phenakite – Template:Chem2
- Willemite – Template:Chem2
Olivine group
- Forsterite – Template:Chem2
- Fayalite – Template:Chem2
- Tephroite – Template:Chem2
Garnet group
- Pyrope – Template:Chem2
- Almandine – Template:Chem2
- Spessartine – Template:Chem2
- Grossular – Template:Chem2
- Andradite – Template:Chem2
- Uvarovite – Template:Chem2
- Hydrogrossular – Template:Chem
Zircon group
- Zircon – Template:Chem2
- Thorite – Template:Chem2
- Hafnon – Template:Chem2

File:Kyanite crystals.jpg

Kyanite crystals (unknown scale)

Template:Chem2 group
- Andalusite – Template:Chem2
- Kyanite – Template:Chem2
- Sillimanite – Template:Chem2
- Dumortierite – Template:Chem
- Topaz – Template:Chem2
- Staurolite – Template:Chem2
Humite group – Template:Chem2
- Norbergite – Template:Chem2
- Chondrodite – Template:Chem2
- Humite – Template:Chem2
- Clinohumite – Template:Chem2
Datolite – Template:Chem2
Titanite – Template:Chem2
Chloritoid – Template:Chem2
Mullite (aka Porcelainite) – Template:Chem2

Sorosilicates

File:Silicate-double-tetrahedra-3D-balls.png

Pyrosilicate anion Template:Chem

File:Sorosilicates exhibit, Museum of Geology, South Dakota.jpg

Sorosilicate exhibit at Museum of Geology in South Dakota

Template:Main category Sorosilicates (from Greek Template:Wikt-lang Template:Transliteration 'heap, mound') have isolated pyrosilicate anions Template:Chem, consisting of double tetrahedra with a shared oxygen vertex—a silicon:oxygen ratio of 2:7. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.B. Examples include:

Thortveitite – Template:Chem2
Hemimorphite (calamine) – Template:Chem2
Lawsonite – Template:Chem2
Axinite – Template:Chem2
Ilvaite – Template:Chem2
Epidote group (has both Template:Chem2 and Template:Chem2 groups}
- Epidote – Template:Chem2
- Zoisite – Template:Chem2
  - Tanzanite – Template:Chem2
- Clinozoisite – Template:Chem2
- Allanite – Template:Chem2
- Dollaseite-(Ce) – Template:Chem2
Vesuvianite (idocrase) – Template:Chem2

Cyclosilicates

Template:Main category

File:Cyclosilicate exhibit, Museum of Geology, South Dakota.jpg

Cyclosilicate specimens at the Museum of Geology, South Dakota

File:Pezzottaite-256889.jpg

Pezzottaite

File:Bazzite - Fibbia Ticino Switzerland.jpg

Bazzite

Cyclosilicates (from Greek Template:Wikt-lang Template:Transliteration 'circle'), or ring silicates, have three or more tetrahedra linked in a ring. The general formula is (Si_xO_3x)^2x−, where one or more silicon atoms can be replaced by other 4-coordinated atom(s). The silicon:oxygen ratio is 1:3. Double rings have the formula (Si_2xO_5x)^2x− or a 2:5 ratio. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.C. Possible ring sizes include:

6 units Template:Chem2, beryl (red: Si, blue: O)

6 units Template:Chem2, beryl (red: Si, blue: O)
3 units Template:Chem2, benitoite

3 units Template:Chem2, benitoite
4 units Template:Chem2, papagoite

4 units Template:Chem2, papagoite
9 units Template:Chem2, eudialyte

9 units Template:Chem2, eudialyte
12 units, double ring Template:Chem2, milarite

12 units, double ring Template:Chem2, milarite

Some example minerals are:

3-member single ring
- Benitoite – Template:Chem2
4-member single ring
- Papagoite – Template:Chem.
6-member single ring
- Beryl – Template:Chem2
- Bazzite – Template:Chem2
- Sugilite – Template:Chem2
- Tourmaline – Template:Chem
- Pezzottaite – Template:Chem2
- Osumilite – Template:Chem2
- Cordierite – Template:Chem2
- Sekaninaite – Template:Chem2
9-member single ring
- Eudialyte – Template:Chem Template:Chem
6-member double ring
- Milarite – Template:Chem2

The ring in axinite contains two B and four Si tetrahedra and is highly distorted compared to the other 6-member ring cyclosilicates.

Inosilicates

Template:Main category Inosilicates (from Greek Template:Wikt-lang Template:Transliteration [genitive: Template:Wikt-lang Template:Transliteration] 'fibre'), or chain silicates, have interlocking chains of silicate tetrahedra with either Template:Chem2, 1:3 ratio, for single chains or Template:Chem2, 4:11 ratio, for double chains. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.D – examples include:

Single chain inosilicates

Pyroxene group
- Enstatite – orthoferrosilite series
  - Enstatite – Template:Chem2
  - Ferrosilite – Template:Chem2
- Pigeonite – Template:Chem2
- Diopside – hedenbergite series
  - Diopside – Template:Chem2
  - Hedenbergite – Template:Chem2
  - Augite – Template:Chem2
- Sodium pyroxene series
  - Jadeite – Template:Chem2
  - Aegirine (or acmite) – Template:Chem2
- Spodumene – Template:Chem2
- Pyroxferroite - Template:Chem2
Pyroxenoid group
- Wollastonite – Template:Chem2
- Rhodonite – Template:Chem2
- Pectolite – Template:Chem2

Double chain inosilicates

Amphibole group
- Anthophyllite – Template:Chem2
- Cummingtonite series
  - Cummingtonite – Template:Chem2
  - Grunerite – Template:Chem2
- Tremolite series
  - Tremolite – Template:Chem2
  - Actinolite – Template:Chem2
- Hornblende – Template:Chem
- Sodium amphibole group
  - Glaucophane – Template:Chem2
  - Riebeckite (asbestos) – Template:Chem2
  - Arfvedsonite – Template:Chem2

Inosilicate, pyroxene family, with 2-periodic single chain Template:Chem2, diopside

Inosilicate, pyroxene family, with 2-periodic single chain Template:Chem2, diopside
Inosilicate, clinoamphibole, with 2-periodic double chains Template:Chem2, tremolite

Inosilicate, clinoamphibole, with 2-periodic double chains Template:Chem2, tremolite
Inosilicate, unbranched 3-periodic single chain of wollastonite

Inosilicate, unbranched 3-periodic single chain of wollastonite
Inosilicate with 5-periodic single chain, rhodonite

Inosilicate with 5-periodic single chain, rhodonite
Inosilicate with cyclic branched 8-periodic chain, pellyite

Inosilicate with cyclic branched 8-periodic chain, pellyite

Phyllosilicates

Template:Main category Phyllosilicates (from Greek Template:Wikt-lang Template:Transliteration 'leaf'), or sheet silicates, form parallel sheets of silicate tetrahedra with Template:Chem2 or a 2:5 ratio. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.E. All phyllosilicate minerals are hydrated, with either water or hydroxyl groups attached. Many phyllosilicates are clay-forming and may be further classified as 1:1 clay minerals (one tetrahedral sheet and one octahedral sheet) and 2:1 clay minerals (one octahedral sheet between two tetrahedral sheets). Below is a list of phyllosilicate minerals and their chemical formulas, organized by mineralogical group:

File:KaolinUSGOV.jpg

Kaolinite

Chlorite group^[6] – Template:Chem2Template:Quad(2:1:1 clays)
- Chamosite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Fe endmember)
- Clinochlore – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Mg endmember)
- Cookeite – Template:Chem2
Kaolinite-Serpentine group^[7]
- Kaolinite subgroupTemplate:Quad(1:1 clays)
  - Dickite – Template:Chem2
  - Kaolinite – Template:Chem2
  - Halloysite – Template:Chem2
- Serpentine subgroup
  - Amesite – Template:Chem2
  - Antigorite – Template:Chem2
    - Bowenite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(yellow-green variety of antigorite)^[8]
  - Chrysotile – Template:Chem2
  - Cronstedtite – Template:Chem2
  - Lizardite – Template:Chem2
  - Népouite – Template:Chem2
  - Pecoraite – Template:Chem2
Mica group^[9]
- Brittle mica group^[10]
  - Anandite – Template:Chem2
  - Bityite – Template:Chem2
  - Clintonite – Template:Chem2
  - Margarite – Template:Chem2
- Dioctahedral mica group
  - Celadonite subgroup
    - Aluminoceladonite – Template:Chem2
    - Celadonite – Template:Chem2
  - Glauconite – Template:Chem2
  - Muscovite – Template:Chem2^[11]
    - Fuchsite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Cr replaces Al in muscovite)^[12]
    - Illite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(K-deficient muscovite)^[13]Template:Quad(2:1 clay)
    - Mariposite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Cr-bearing muscovite)^[14]
    - Phengite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Fe/Mg-bearing muscovite)^[15]
  - Paragonite – Template:Chem2
  - Roscoelite – Template:Chem2
- Trioctahedral mica group
  - Aspidolite – Template:Chem2
  - Biotite subgroup – Template:Chem2
    - Annite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Fe endmember)
    - Phlogopite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Mg endmember)
  - Hendricksite – Template:Chem2
  - Lepidolite (polylithionite-trilithionite series) – Template:Chem2
  - Zinnwaldite series – Template:Chem2
Sepiolite – Template:Chem2^[16]Template:Quad(2:1 clay)
Smectite group^[17]Template:Quad(2:1 clays)
- Aliettite – Template:Chem2^[18]
- Hectorite – Template:Chem2
- Montmorillonite – Template:Chem2
- Nontronite – Template:Chem2
- Saliotite – Template:Chem2
- Saponite – Template:Chem2
- Sauconite – Template:Chem2
- Stevensite – Template:Chem2
Palygorskite (or attapulgite) – Template:Chem2^[19]Template:Quad(2:1 clay)
Pyrophyllite-Talc group^[20]
- Minnesotaite – Template:Chem2
- Pyrophyllite – Template:Chem2
- Talc – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(2:1 clay)
Vermiculite – Template:Chem2^[21]Template:Quad(2:1 clay)

Phyllosilicate, mica group, muscovite (red: Si, blue: O)

Phyllosilicate, mica group, muscovite (red: Si, blue: O)
Phyllosilicate, single net of tetrahedra with 4-membered rings, apophyllite-(KF)-apophyllite-(KOH) series

Phyllosilicate, single net of tetrahedra with 4-membered rings, apophyllite-(KF)-apophyllite-(KOH) series
Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, pyrosmalite-(Fe)-pyrosmalite-(Mn) series

Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, pyrosmalite-(Fe)-pyrosmalite-(Mn) series
Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, zeophyllite

Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, zeophyllite
Phyllosilicate, double nets with 4- and 6-membered rings, carletonite

Phyllosilicate, double nets with 4- and 6-membered rings, carletonite

Tectosilicates

Template:Main category

File:Beta-quartz-CM-2D-balls.png

Silica family Template:Chem2 3D network), β-quartz

File:Zeolite-ZSM-5-vdW.png

Aluminosilicate family, the 3D model of synthetic zeolite ZSM-5

File:Quartz oisan.jpg

Quartz

File:Lunar Ferroan Anorthosite (60025).jpg

Lunar ferroan anorthosite (plagioclase feldspar) collected by Apollo 16 astronauts from the Lunar Highlands near Descartes Crater

Tectosilicates, or "framework silicates," have a three-dimensional framework of silicate tetrahedra with Template:Chem2 in a 1:2 ratio. This group comprises nearly 75% of the crust of the Earth.^[22] Tectosilicates, with the exception of the quartz group, are aluminosilicates. The Nickel–Strunz classifications are 9.F (tectosilicates without zeolitic Template:Chem2), 9.G (tectosilicates with zeolitic Template:Chem2), and 4.DA (quartz/silica group). Below is a list of tectosilicate minerals and their chemical formulas, organized by mineralogical group:

Quartz group (silica) – Template:Chem2
- α-quartz – trigonal, quartz under Template:Convert
- β-quartz – hexagonal, high-temperature quartz
- Coesite – monoclinic polymorph
- Cristobalite – tetragonal polymorph
- Moganite – monoclinic polymorph
- Stishovite – hard and dense tetragonal polymorph
- Tridymite – orthorhombic polymorph
Feldspar group^[23]
- Alkali feldspar series (potassium feldspars or K-spar)
  - Microcline – Template:Chem2
  - Orthoclase – Template:Chem2
  - Anorthoclase – Template:Chem2
  - Sanidine – Template:Chem2
- Plagioclase feldspar series
  - Albite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Na endmember)
  - Oligoclase – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Na:Ca 90:10 to 70:30)^[24]
  - Andesine – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Na:Ca 50:50 to 70:30)^[25]
  - Labradorite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Na:Ca 30:70 to 50:50)^[26]
  - Bytownite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Na:Ca 10:90 to 30:70)^[27]
  - Anorthite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Ca endmember)
- Other feldspars
  - Buddingtonite — Template:Chem2
  - Celsian – Template:Chem2
  - Hyalophane – Template:Chem2^[28]
  - Rubicline – Template:Chem2^[29]
Feldspathoid group^[30]
- Cancrinite subgroup
  - Afghanite – Template:Chem2
  - Alloriite – Template:Chem2
  - Bystrite – Template:Chem2
  - Cancrinite – Template:Chem2
  - Farneseite – Template:Chem2
  - Sacrofanite – Template:Chem2
  - Vishnevite – Template:Chem2
- Danalite – Template:Chem2^[31]
- Kalsilite – Template:Chem2
- Leucite – Template:Chem2
- Nepheline subgroup
  - Davidsmithite – Template:Chem2
  - Nepheline – Template:Chem2
- Sodalite subgroup
  - Hauyne – Template:Chem2
  - Lazurite – Template:Chem2
  - Nosean – Template:Chem2
  - Sodalite – Template:Chem2
  - Tugtupite – Template:Chem2^[32]
Scapolite group^[33]
- Marialite – Template:Chem2
- Meionite – Template:Chem2
Zeolite group^[34]
- Amicite – Template:Chem2
- Analcime – Template:Chem2
- Brewsterite subgroup – Template:Chem2
- Chabazite-Lévyne subgroup
  - Chabazite – Template:Chem2
  - Lévyne – Template:Chem2
- Clinoptilolite subgroup – Template:Chem2
- Cowlesite – Template:Chem2
- Dachiardite-K – Template:Chem2
- Edingtonite – Template:Chem2
- Erionite subgroup – Template:Chem2
- Faujasite subgroup – Template:Chem2
- Ferrierite subgroup – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Ferrierite-Mg)
- Garronite-Ca – Template:Chem2
- Gismondine – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Gismondine-Ca)
- Gmelinite subgroup – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Gmelinite-Na)
- Heulandite subgroup – Template:Chem2
- Hsianghualite – Template:Chem2
- Laumontite – Template:Chem2
- Mordenite – Template:Chem2
- Nabesite – Template:Chem2
- Natrolite subgroup
  - Gonnardite – Template:Chem2
  - Mesolite – Template:Chem2
  - Natrolite – Template:Chem2
  - Scolecite – Template:Chem2
- Paulingite subgroup – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Paulingite-K)
- Phillipsite subgroup
  - Harmotome – Template:Chem2
  - Phillipsite – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Phillipsite-Ca)
- Pollucite – Template:Chem2
- Stilbite subgroup
  - Barrerite – Template:Chem2
  - Stellerite – Template:Chem2
  - Stilbite – Template:Chem2
- Thomsonite subgroup – Template:Chem2 Template:Quad(Thomsonite-Ca)
- Wairakite – Template:Chem2
- Yugawaralite – Template:Chem2

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project Template:Sister project

Template:Strunz Template:Authority control

pl:Krzemiany

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 '''Silicate minerals''' are rock-forming [[mineral]]s made up of [[silicate]] groups. They are the largest and most important class of minerals and make up approximately 90 percent of [[Earth's crust]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/mineral-chemical-compound/Silicates|title=Mineral - Silicates|website=britannica.com|access-date=8 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025133427/https://www.britannica.com/science/mineral-chemical-compound/Silicates|archive-date=25 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=deer>{{Cite book| last = Deer| first = W.A.|author2=Howie, R.A.|author3=Zussman, J. | year = 1992| title = [[An introduction to the rock-forming minerals]]| publisher = Longman| location = London| edition = 2nd| isbn = 0-582-30094-0}}</ref><ref name=hurlbut>{{Cite book| last = Hurlbut| first = Cornelius S.| author2 = Klein, Cornelis| year = 1985| title = Manual of Mineralogy| edition = 20th| publisher = Wiley| isbn = 0-47180580-7| url = https://archive.org/details/manualofmineralo00klei}}</ref>
-In [[mineralogy]], the crystalline forms of [[silica]] (silicon dioxide, {{chem2|SiO2}}) are usually considered to be [[Silicate mineral#Tectosilicates|tectosilicates]], and they are classified as such in the Dana system (75.1). However, the Nickel-Strunz system classifies them as [[oxide mineral]]s (4.DA). Silica is found in nature as the mineral [[quartz]], and its [[polymorphism (materials science)|polymorphs]].
+In [[mineralogy]], the crystalline forms of [[silica]] ({{chem2|SiO2}}) are usually considered to be [[Silicate mineral#Tectosilicates|tectosilicates]], and they are classified as such in the Dana system (75.1). However, the Nickel-Strunz system classifies them as [[oxide mineral]]s (4.DA). Silica is found in nature as the mineral [[quartz]] and its [[polymorphism (materials science)|polymorphs]].
 On Earth, a wide variety of silicate minerals occur in an even wider range of combinations as a result of the processes that have been forming and re-working the crust for billions of years. These processes include partial [[melting]], [[crystallization]], [[fractionation]], [[metamorphism]], [[weathering]], and [[diagenesis]].
@@ Line 190: / Line 190: @@
 ==Phyllosilicates==<!-- [[Phyllosilicate]] and [[Sheet silicate]] redirect here. -->
 {{main category|Phyllosilicates}}
-'''Phyllosilicates''' (from Greek {{wikt-lang|grc|φύλλον}} {{Transliteration|grc|phýllon}} 'leaf'), or sheet silicates, form parallel sheets of silicate tetrahedra with {{chem2|Si2O5}} or a 2:5 ratio. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.E. All phyllosilicate minerals are [[hydrate]]d, with either [[water]] or [[hydroxyl]] groups attached.
+'''Phyllosilicates''' (from Greek {{wikt-lang|grc|φύλλον}} {{Transliteration|grc|phýllon}} 'leaf'), or sheet silicates, form parallel sheets of silicate tetrahedra with {{chem2|Si2O5}} or a 2:5 ratio. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.E. All phyllosilicate minerals are [[hydrate]]d, with either [[water]] or [[hydroxyl]] groups attached. Many phyllosilicates are clay-forming and may be further classified as 1:1 clay minerals (one tetrahedral sheet and one octahedral sheet) and 2:1 clay minerals (one octahedral sheet between two tetrahedral sheets). Below is a list of phyllosilicate minerals and their chemical formulas, organized by mineralogical group:
 [[Image:KaolinUSGOV.jpg|thumb|Kaolinite]]
-Examples include:
+*[[Chlorite group]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Chlorite Group |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-1016.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref> – {{chem2|(Al,Fe^{2+},Fe^{3+}Li,Mg,Mn,Ni)_{5-6}(Al,Fe^{3+},Si)4(O,OH)18}}{{quad}}(2:1:1 clays)
-*[[Serpentine subgroup]]
+**[[Chamosite]] – {{chem2|(Fe^{2+},Mg,Al,Fe^{3+})6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8}}{{quad}}(Fe endmember)
-**[[Antigorite]] – {{chem2|Mg3Si2O5(OH)4}}
+**[[Clinochlore]] – {{chem2|Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8}}{{quad}}(Mg endmember)
-**[[Chrysotile]] – {{chem2|Mg3Si2O5(OH)4}}
+**[[Cookeite]] – {{chem2|(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8}}
-**[[Lizardite]] – {{chem2|Mg3Si2O5(OH)4}}
+*Kaolinite-Serpentine group<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaolinite-Serpentine Group |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-11136.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref>
-*[[Clay minerals]] group
+**Kaolinite subgroup{{quad}}(1:1 clays)
-**1:1 clay minerals (TO)
+***[[Dickite]] – {{chem2|Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4}}
+***[[Kaolinite]] – {{chem2|Al2Si2O5(OH)4}}
 ***[[Halloysite]] – {{chem2|Al2Si2O5(OH)4}}
-***[[Kaolinite]] – {{chem2|Al2Si2O5(OH)4}}
+**[[Serpentine subgroup]]
-**2:1 clay minerals (TOT)
+***[[Amesite]] – {{chem2|Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4}}
-***[[Pyrophyllite]] – {{chem2|Al2Si4O10(OH)2}}
+***[[Antigorite]] – {{chem2|Mg3Si2O5(OH)4}}
-***[[Talc]] – {{chem2|Mg3Si4O10(OH)2}}
+****[[Bowenite]] – {{chem2|Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4}}{{quad}}(yellow-green variety of antigorite)<ref>{{cite web |title=Bowenite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-744.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref>
-***[[Illite]] – {{chem2|(K,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10[(OH)2,(H2O)]}}
+***[[Chrysotile]] – {{chem2|Mg3Si2O5(OH)4}}
-***[[Montmorillonite]] (smectite) – {{chem2|(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2*''n''H2O}}
+***[[Cronstedtite]] – {{chem2|Fe^{2+}2Fe^{3+}((Si,Fe^{3+})2O5)(OH)4}}
-***[[Chlorite group|Chlorite]] – {{chem2|(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2*(Mg,Fe)3(OH)6}}
+***[[Lizardite]] – {{chem2|Mg3Si2O5(OH)4}}
-***[[Vermiculite]] – {{chem2|(Mg,Fe,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2*4H2O}}
+***[[Népouite]] – {{chem2|Ni3Si2O5(OH)4}}
-**Other clay minerals
+***[[Pecoraite]] – {{chem2|Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4}}
-***[[Sepiolite]] – {{chem2|Mg4Si6O15(OH)2*6H2O}}
-***[[Palygorskite]] (or attapulgite) – {{chem2|(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)*4(H2O)}}
 *[[Mica]] group<ref>{{cite web |title=Mica Group |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-6728.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>
 **Brittle mica group<ref>{{cite web |title=Brittle Mica |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-43757.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>
@@ Line 219: / Line 218: @@
 **Dioctahedral mica group
 ***Celadonite subgroup
+****[[Aluminoceladonite]] – {{chem2|K(MgAl◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2}}
 ****[[Celadonite]] – {{chem2|K(MgFe^{3+}◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2}}
-****[[Aluminoceladonite]] – {{chem2|K(MgAl◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2}}
 ***[[Glauconite]] – {{chem2|K_{0.60-0.85}(Fe^{3+},Mg,Al)2(Si,Al)4O10](OH)2}}
 ***[[Muscovite]] – {{chem2|KAl2(AlSi3)O10(OH)2}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Muscovite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-2815.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>
 ****[[Fuchsite]] – {{chem2|K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2}}{{quad}}(Cr replaces Al in muscovite)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fuchsite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-1617.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>
-****[[Illite]] – {{chem2|K_{0.6-0.85}(Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2}}{{quad}}(K-deficient muscovite)<ref>{{cite web |title=Illite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-2011.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>
+****[[Illite]] – {{chem2|K_{0.6-0.85}(Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2}}{{quad}}(K-deficient muscovite)<ref>{{cite web |title=Illite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-2011.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>{{quad}}(2:1 clay)
 ****[[Mariposite]] – {{chem2|K(Al,Cr)2(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2}}{{quad}}(Cr-bearing muscovite)<ref>{{cite web |title=Mariposite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-10003.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=24 February 2025}}</ref>
 ****[[Phengite]] – {{chem2|KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2}}{{quad}}(Fe/Mg-bearing muscovite)<ref>{{cite web |title=Phengite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-3189.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref>
@@ Line 232: / Line 231: @@
 ***[[Aspidolite]] – {{chem2|NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2}}
 ***[[Biotite]] subgroup – {{chem2|K(Fe^{2+},Mg)2(Al,Fe^{3+},Mg,Ti)([Si,Al,Fe]2Si2O10)(OH,F)2}}
-****[[Annite]] – {{chem2|KFe^{2+}3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2}}
+****[[Annite]] – {{chem2|KFe^{2+}3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2}}{{quad}}(Fe endmember)
-****[[Phlogopite]] – {{chem2|KMg3(AlSi3)O10(OH)2}}
+****[[Phlogopite]] – {{chem2|KMg3(AlSi3)O10(OH)2}}{{quad}}(Mg endmember)
 ***[[Hendricksite]] – {{chem2|KZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2}}
 ***[[Lepidolite]] (polylithionite-trilithionite series) – {{chem2|K(Li2,Li1.5Al1.5)AlSi_{3-4}O10(F,OH)2}}
 ***[[Zinnwaldite]] series – {{chem2|KFe^{2+}2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2}}
+*[[Sepiolite]] – {{chem2|Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Sepiolite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-3621.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref>{{quad}}(2:1 clay)
+*Smectite group<ref>{{cite web |title=Smectite Group |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-11119.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref>{{quad}}(2:1 clays)
+**[[Aliettite]] – {{chem2|Ca0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2O}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Aliettite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-115.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref>
+**[[Hectorite]] – {{chem2|Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2}}
+**[[Montmorillonite]] – {{chem2|(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O}}
+**[[Nontronite]] – {{chem2|Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O}}
+**[[Saliotite]] – {{chem2|(Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5}}
+**[[Saponite]] – {{chem2|Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O}}
+**[[Sauconite]] – {{chem2|Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O}}
+**[[Stevensite]] – {{chem2|(Ca,Na)_{x}Mg_{3-x}(Si4O10)(OH)2}}
+*[[Palygorskite]] (or attapulgite) – {{chem2|◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Palygorskite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-3072.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref>{{quad}}(2:1 clay)
+*Pyrophyllite-Talc group<ref>{{cite web |title=Pyrophyllite-Talc Group |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-39702.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=26 June 2025}}</ref>
+**[[Minnesotaite]] – {{chem2|Fe^{2+}3Si4O10(OH)2}}
+**[[Pyrophyllite]] – {{chem2|Al2Si4O10(OH)2}}
+**[[Talc]] – {{chem2|Mg3Si4O10(OH)2}}{{quad}}(2:1 clay)
+*[[Vermiculite]] – {{chem2|Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Vermiculite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-4170.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=1 July 2025}}</ref>{{quad}}(2:1 clay)
 <gallery>
@@ Line 252: / Line 267: @@
 [[Image:Quartz oisan.jpg|thumb|[[Quartz]]]]
 [[Image:Lunar Ferroan Anorthosite (60025).jpg|thumb|[[Moon|Lunar]] ferroan [[anorthosite]] ([[plagioclase]] feldspar) collected by [[Apollo 16]] astronauts from the [[Geology of the Moon#Highlands|Lunar Highlands]] near [[Descartes (crater)|Descartes Crater]]]]
-Tectosilicates, or "framework silicates," have a three-dimensional framework of silicate [[tetrahedra]] with {{chem2|SiO2}} in a 1:2 ratio. This group comprises nearly 75% of the [[crust (geology)|crust]] of the [[Earth]].<ref name=deer4B>{{Cite book| last = Deer| first = W.A. |author2=Howie, R.A. |author3=Wise, W.S. |author4=Zussman, J.| year = 2004| title = Rock-forming minerals. Volume 4B. Framework silicates: silica minerals. Feldspathoids and the zeolites| edition = 2nd| publisher = Geological Society of London| location = London| page = 982 pp}}</ref> Tectosilicates, with the exception of the quartz group, are [[aluminosilicate]]s. The Nickel–Strunz classifications are 9.F (tectosilicates without zeolitic {{chem2|H2O}}), 9.G (tectosilicates with zeolitic {{chem2|H2O}}), and 4.DA (quartz/silica group). Below is a list of tectosilicate minerals and their chemical formulas, organized by groups and series:
+Tectosilicates, or "framework silicates," have a three-dimensional framework of silicate [[tetrahedra]] with {{chem2|SiO2}} in a 1:2 ratio. This group comprises nearly 75% of the [[crust (geology)|crust]] of the [[Earth]].<ref name=deer4B>{{Cite book| last = Deer| first = W.A. |author2=Howie, R.A. |author3=Wise, W.S. |author4=Zussman, J.| year = 2004| title = Rock-forming minerals. Volume 4B. Framework silicates: silica minerals. Feldspathoids and the zeolites| edition = 2nd| publisher = Geological Society of London| location = London| page = 982 pp}}</ref> Tectosilicates, with the exception of the quartz group, are [[aluminosilicate]]s. The Nickel–Strunz classifications are 9.F (tectosilicates without zeolitic {{chem2|H2O}}), 9.G (tectosilicates with zeolitic {{chem2|H2O}}), and 4.DA (quartz/silica group). Below is a list of tectosilicate minerals and their chemical formulas, organized by mineralogical group:
-*Quartz group ([[Silicon dioxide|silica]])
+*Quartz group ([[Silicon dioxide|silica]]) – {{chem2|SiO2}}
-**[[Quartz]] – {{chem2|SiO2}}
+**[[Quartz|α-quartz]] – [[trigonal]], quartz under {{convert|573|C|K F}}
-**[[Tridymite]] – {{chem2|SiO2}}
+**[[Quartz|β-quartz]] – [[Hexagonal crystal family|hexagonal]], high-temperature quartz
-**[[Cristobalite]] – {{chem2|SiO2}}
+**[[Coesite]] – [[Monoclinic crystal system|monoclinic]] [[Crystal polymorphism|polymorph]]
-**[[Coesite]] – {{chem2|SiO2}}
+**[[Cristobalite]] – [[Tetragonal crystal system|tetragonal]] polymorph
-**[[Stishovite]] – {{chem2|SiO2}}
+**[[Moganite]] – monoclinic polymorph
-**[[Moganite]] – {{chem2|SiO2}}
+**[[Stishovite]] – hard and dense tetragonal polymorph
-**[[Chalcedony]] – {{chem2|SiO2}}
+**[[Tridymite]] – [[Orthorhombic crystal system|orthorhombic]] polymorph
 *[[Feldspar]] group<ref>{{cite web |title=Feldspar Group |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-1624.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>
 **Alkali feldspar series (potassium feldspars or K-spar)
 ***[[Microcline]] – {{chem2|KAlSi3O8}}
-****[[Amazonite]] – green variety of microcline
 ***[[Orthoclase]] – {{chem2|KAlSi3O8}}
-****[[Moonstone (gemstone)|Moonstone]] – opalescent variety of orthoclase
 ***[[Anorthoclase]] – {{chem2|(Na,K)AlSi3O8}}
 ***[[Sanidine]] – {{chem2|KAlSi3O8}}
 **[[Plagioclase]] feldspar series
-***[[Albite]] (sodium endmember) – {{chem2|NaAlSi3O8}}
+***[[Albite]] – {{chem2|NaAlSi3O8}}{{quad}}(Na endmember)
 ***[[Oligoclase]] – {{chem2|(Na,Ca)Al(Si,Al)Si2O8}}{{quad}}(Na:Ca 90:10 to 70:30)<ref>{{cite web |title=Oligoclase |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-2976.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>
 ***[[Andesine]] – {{chem2|(Na,Ca)Al(Si,Al)Si2O8}}{{quad}}(Na:Ca 50:50 to 70:30)<ref>{{cite web |title=Andesine |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-220.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>
 ***[[Labradorite]] – {{chem2|(Ca,Na)Al(Al,Si)Si2O8}}{{quad}}(Na:Ca 30:70 to 50:50)<ref>{{cite web |title=Labradorite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-2308.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>
 ***[[Bytownite]] – {{chem2|(Ca,Na)Al(Al,Si)Si2O8}}{{quad}}(Na:Ca 10:90 to 30:70)<ref>{{cite web |title=Bytownite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-815.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>
-***[[Anorthite]] (calcium endmember) – {{chem2|CaAl2Si2O8}}
+***[[Anorthite]] – {{chem2|CaAl2Si2O8}}{{quad}}(Ca endmember)
 **Other feldspars
 ***[[Buddingtonite]] — {{chem2|NH4AlSi3O8}}
@@ Line 283: / Line 296: @@
 *[[Feldspathoid]] group<ref>{{cite web |title=Feldspathoid |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-47865.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>
 **Cancrinite subgroup
-***[[Cancrinite]] – {{chem2|(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2*2H2O}}
 ***[[Afghanite]] – {{chem2|(Na,K)22Ca10[Si24Al24O96](SO4)6Cl6}}
 ***[[Alloriite]] – {{chem2|(Na,Ca,K)26Ca4(Al6Si6O24)4(SO4)6Cl6}}
 ***[[Bystrite]] – {{chem2|(Na,K)7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(S5)Cl}}
+***[[Cancrinite]] – {{chem2|(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2*2H2O}}
 ***[[Farneseite]] – {{chem2|(Na,Ca,K)56(Al6Si6O24)7(SO4)12*6H2O}}
 ***[[Sacrofanite]] – {{chem2|(Na61K19Ca32)(Si84Al84O336)(SO4)26Cl2F6*2H2O}}
@@ Line 294: / Line 307: @@
 **[[Leucite]] – {{chem2|K(AlSi2O6)}}
 **Nepheline subgroup
+***[[Davidsmithite]] – {{chem2|(Ca,◻)2Na6Al8Si8O32}}
 ***[[Nepheline]] – {{chem2|Na3K(Al4Si4O16)}}
-***[[Davidsmithite]] – {{chem2|(Ca,◻)2Na6Al8Si8O32}}
 **Sodalite subgroup
-***[[Sodalite]] – {{chem2|Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl}}
 ***[[Hauyne]] – {{chem2|Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)}}
 ***[[Lazurite]] – {{chem2|Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3)*H2O}}
 ***[[Nosean]] – {{chem2|Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)*H2O}}
+***[[Sodalite]] – {{chem2|Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl}}
 ***[[Tugtupite]] – {{chem2|Na4(BeAlSi4O12)Cl}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tugtupite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-4044.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>
 *[[Scapolite]] group<ref>{{cite web |title=Scapolite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-8778.html |website=mindat.org |publisher=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy |access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>
@@ Line 306: / Line 319: @@
 **[[Meionite]] – {{chem2|Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3}}
 *[[Zeolite]] group<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zeolite Group |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-4395.html |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.mindat.org}}</ref>
-**[[Amicite]] – {{chem2| K2Na2Al4Si4O16*5(H2O)}}
+**[[Amicite]] – {{chem2| K2Na2Al4Si4O16*5H2O}}
 **[[Analcime]] – {{chem2|Na(AlSi2O6)*H2O}}
 **[[Brewsterite]] subgroup – {{chem2| (Ba,Sr,Ca)Al2Si6O16*5H2O}}
 **Chabazite-Lévyne subgroup
 ***[[Chabazite]] – {{chem2|''M''[Al2Si4O12]*6H2O}}
-***[[Lévyne]] – {{chem2|(Ca_{1-2},Na_{1-2},K2)Al2Si4O12*6(H2O)}}
+***[[Lévyne]] – {{chem2|(Ca_{1-2},Na_{1-2},K2)Al2Si4O12*6H2O}}
-**[[Clinoptilolite]] subgroup – {{chem2|(Na,Ca,K)_{3-6}(Al_{6-7}Si_{29-30}O72)20H2O}}
+**[[Clinoptilolite]] subgroup – {{chem2|(Na,Ca,K)_{3-6}(Al_{6-7}Si_{29-30}O72)*20H2O}}
 **[[Cowlesite]] – {{chem2|CaAl2Si3O10*6H2O}}
 **[[Dachiardite-K]] – {{chem2| K4(Si20Al4O48)*13H2O}}
 **[[Edingtonite]] – {{chem2| BaAl2Si3O10*4H2O}}
 **[[Erionite]] subgroup – {{chem2|(Na_{1-2},K_{1-2},Ca_{1-2})2Al4Si14O36*15H2O}}
-**[[Faujasite]] subgroup – {{chem2| (Na_{1-2},Ca_{1-2},Mg_{1-2})3.5[Al7Si17O48]*32(H2O)}}
+**[[Faujasite]] subgroup – {{chem2| (Na_{1-2},Ca_{1-2},Mg_{1-2})3.5[Al7Si17O48]*32H2O}}
 **[[Ferrierite]] subgroup – {{chem2|[Mg2(K,Na)2Ca0.5](Si29Al7)O72*18H2O}}{{quad}}(Ferrierite-Mg)
 **[[Garronite-Ca]] – {{chem2|Na2Ca5Al12Si20O64*27H2O}}
-**[[Gismondine]] – {{chem2|CaAl2Si2O8*4(H2O)}}{{quad}}(Gismondine-Ca)
+**[[Gismondine]] – {{chem2|CaAl2Si2O8*4H2O}}{{quad}}(Gismondine-Ca)
 **[[Gmelinite]] subgroup – {{chem2|Na4(Si8Al4)O24*11H2O}}{{quad}}(Gmelinite-Na)
 **[[Heulandite]] subgroup – {{chem2|(Na,Ca,K)_{5-6}[Al_{8-9}Si_{27-28}O72]*nH2O}}
@@ Line 328: / Line 341: @@
 **[[Nabesite]] – {{chem2|Na2BeSi4O10*4H2O}}
 **Natrolite subgroup
-***[[Natrolite]] – {{chem2|Na2Al2Si3O10*2H2O}}
 ***[[Gonnardite]] – {{chem2|(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10*3H2O}}
 ***[[Mesolite]] – {{chem2|Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30*8H2O}}
+***[[Natrolite]] – {{chem2|Na2Al2Si3O10*2H2O}}
 ***[[Scolecite]] – {{chem2|CaAl2Si3O10*3H2O}}
 **[[Paulingite]] subgroup – {{chem2|(K2,Ca,Na2,Ba)5[Al10Si35O90]*45H2O}}{{quad}}(Paulingite-K)
 **Phillipsite subgroup
+***[[Harmotome]] – {{chem2|(Ba2(Si12Al4)O32*12H2O}}
 ***[[Phillipsite]] – {{chem2|(Ca3(Si10Al6)O32*12H2O}}{{quad}}(Phillipsite-Ca)
-***[[Harmotome]] – {{chem2|(Ba2(Si12Al4)O32*12H2O}}
 **[[Pollucite]] – {{chem2|(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12)*2H2O}}
 **Stilbite subgroup
-***[[Stilbite]] – {{chem2|(NaCa4,Na9)(Si27Al9)O72*28H2O}}
 ***[[Barrerite]] – {{chem2| Na2(Si7Al2)O18*6H2O}}
 ***[[Stellerite]] – {{chem2|Ca4(Si28Al8)O72*28H2O}}
+***[[Stilbite]] – {{chem2|(NaCa4,Na9)(Si27Al9)O72*28H2O}}
 **[[Thomsonite]] subgroup – {{chem2|NaCa2Al5Si5O20*6H2O}}{{quad}}(Thomsonite-Ca)
 **[[Wairakite]] – {{chem2|Ca(Al2Si4O12)*2H2O}}

Silicate mineral: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:30, 1 July 2025

Contents

General structure

Main groups

Nesosilicates or orthosilicates

Sorosilicates

Cyclosilicates

Inosilicates

Single chain inosilicates

Double chain inosilicates

Phyllosilicates

Tectosilicates

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

Silicate mineral: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:30, 1 July 2025

General structure

Main groups

Nesosilicates or orthosilicates

Sorosilicates

Cyclosilicates

Inosilicates

Single chain inosilicates

Double chain inosilicates

Phyllosilicates

Tectosilicates

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

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