Duke of Berry: Difference between revisions
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On October 1360, King [[John II of France|John II]] created the peerage-duchy of Berry as an appanage for his third-born son, [[John, Duke of Berry|John of Poitiers]], perhaps on the occasion of his marriage with [[Joan of Armagnac]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Plumley|first=Yolanda|title=Ars subtilior and the Patronage of French Princes|work=Early Music History: Volume 22: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Music|editor=Cambridge University Press|date=2003|pages=145–146}}</ref> Upon his death in 1416, John of Poitiers was succeeded as Duke of Berry by his grandnephew [[John, Duke of Touraine|John, Dauphin of France]] (having been predeceased in 1397 by his only son who survived into adulthood, [[John of Valois, Count of Montpensier|John, Count of Montpensier]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Autrand|first=Françoise|title=Jean de Berry: L'art et le pouvoir|editor=Fayard|date=2000|page=263}}</ref> After Dauphin John's death in 1417, the appanage passed to his younger brother the Dauphin Charles. The Dauphin subsequently moved his court to Berry's capital of Bourges to escape the advancing English during the [[Hundred Years’ War]].<ref>Richard Vaughan, ''John the Fearless: The Growth of Burgundian Power'', Vol. 2, (Boydell Press, 2005), 263.</ref> When the Dauphin ascended to the throne as [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]], Berry returned to the [[Crown lands of France|royal domain]]. | On October 1360, King [[John II of France|John II]] created the peerage-duchy of Berry as an appanage for his third-born son, [[John, Duke of Berry|John of Poitiers]], perhaps on the occasion of his marriage with [[Joan of Armagnac]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Plumley|first=Yolanda|title=Ars subtilior and the Patronage of French Princes|work=Early Music History: Volume 22: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Music|editor=Cambridge University Press|date=2003|pages=145–146}}</ref> Upon his death in 1416, John of Poitiers was succeeded as Duke of Berry by his grandnephew [[John, Duke of Touraine|John, Dauphin of France]] (having been predeceased in 1397 by his only son who survived into adulthood, [[John of Valois, Count of Montpensier|John, Count of Montpensier]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Autrand|first=Françoise|title=Jean de Berry: L'art et le pouvoir|editor=Fayard|date=2000|page=263}}</ref> After Dauphin John's death in 1417, the appanage passed to his younger brother the Dauphin Charles. The Dauphin subsequently moved his court to Berry's capital of Bourges to escape the advancing English during the [[Hundred Years’ War]].<ref>Richard Vaughan, ''John the Fearless: The Growth of Burgundian Power'', Vol. 2, (Boydell Press, 2005), 263.</ref> When the Dauphin ascended to the throne as [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]], Berry returned to the [[Crown lands of France|royal domain]]. | ||
In 1461, [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]] granted Berry to his younger brother, [[Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry|Charles]]. Charles maintained a rivalry with his brother and joined the [[League of the Public Weal]], an anti-royal alliance of French | In 1461, [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]] granted Berry to his younger brother, [[Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry|Charles]]. Charles maintained a rivalry with his brother and joined the [[League of the Public Weal]], an anti-royal alliance of French magnates led by the [[Charles the Bold|Count of Charolais]]. After a short war against Louis XI which was concluded with the [[Treaty of Conflans]] in 1465, Charles gained the [[Duchy of Normandy]] (which he later exchanged for the [[Duchy of Guyenne]] in 1469). Charles died without legitimate issue in 1472 due to [[syphilis]], although some believed he was a victim of [[poisoning]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Moisand|first=Constant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anpIAAAAYAAJ&q=si%C3%A8ge+de+beauvais|title=Histoire du siége de Beauvais en 1472|editor=Imprimerie de Moisand|date=1847}}</ref> With no male heir, the title reverted to the Crown once again. | ||
In 1498, [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]] granted Berry to his former wife [[Joan of France, Duchess of Berry|Joan of France]], daughter of [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]], as compensation for their marriage's annulment.<ref>"[http://catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=686 St. Joan of Valois]". ''Catholic.org''. Retrieved: 26 October 2014.</ref> She was the first ''[[suo jure]]'' Duchess, and after her death without issue Berry returned to the Crown. | In 1498, [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]] granted Berry to his former wife [[Joan of France, Duchess of Berry|Joan of France]], daughter of [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]], as compensation for their marriage's annulment.<ref>"[http://catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=686 St. Joan of Valois]". ''Catholic.org''. Retrieved: 26 October 2014.</ref> She was the first ''[[suo jure]]'' Duchess, and after her death without issue Berry returned to the Crown. | ||
Latest revision as of 03:41, 27 June 2025
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox nobility title
Duke of Berry (Template:Langx) or Duchess of Berry (Template:Langx) was a title in the Peerage of France. The Duchy of Berry, centred on Bourges, was originally created as an appanage for junior members of the French royal family and was frequently granted to female royals. The style "Duke of Berry" was later granted by several Bourbon monarchs to their grandsons. The last official Duke of Berry was Charles Ferdinand of Artois, son of Charles X. The title Duke of Berry is currently being claimed through its usage as a courtesy title by Prince Alphonse de Bourbon, son of Prince Louis, Duke of Anjou, the Legitimist claimant to the French Throne.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
House of Valois (1360-1505)
On October 1360, King John II created the peerage-duchy of Berry as an appanage for his third-born son, John of Poitiers, perhaps on the occasion of his marriage with Joan of Armagnac.[1] Upon his death in 1416, John of Poitiers was succeeded as Duke of Berry by his grandnephew John, Dauphin of France (having been predeceased in 1397 by his only son who survived into adulthood, John, Count of Montpensier).[2] After Dauphin John's death in 1417, the appanage passed to his younger brother the Dauphin Charles. The Dauphin subsequently moved his court to Berry's capital of Bourges to escape the advancing English during the Hundred Years’ War.[3] When the Dauphin ascended to the throne as Charles VII, Berry returned to the royal domain.
In 1461, Louis XI granted Berry to his younger brother, Charles. Charles maintained a rivalry with his brother and joined the League of the Public Weal, an anti-royal alliance of French magnates led by the Count of Charolais. After a short war against Louis XI which was concluded with the Treaty of Conflans in 1465, Charles gained the Duchy of Normandy (which he later exchanged for the Duchy of Guyenne in 1469). Charles died without legitimate issue in 1472 due to syphilis, although some believed he was a victim of poisoning.[4] With no male heir, the title reverted to the Crown once again.
In 1498, Louis XII granted Berry to his former wife Joan of France, daughter of Louis XI, as compensation for their marriage's annulment.[5] She was the first suo jure Duchess, and after her death without issue Berry returned to the Crown.
| Duke | Birth | Tenure | Death | Marriage(s) Issue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Arms of Charles de Berry.svg John of France Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Duc de Berry.JPG | 30 November 1340 Château de Vincennes Son of John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg |
October 1360 Template:Ndash 15 June 1416 |
15 June 1416 Paris Died by natural causes (aged 75) |
Template:Grey Joan of Armagnac (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1360; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1387) 5 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Grey Joan II of Auvergne (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1389; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1416) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:Blason Jean de Touraine.svg John of France Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Jean de Touraine, dauphin of France.jpg |
31 August 1398 Paris Son of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria |
1416 Template:Ndash 5 April 1417 |
5 April 1417 Compiègne Died by natural causes (aged 18) |
Jacqueline of Hainaut (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1415; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1417) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:Dauphin Arms.svg Charles of France Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:KarlVII.jpg |
22 February 1403 Paris Son of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria |
1417 Template:Ndash 1422 (merged with Crown) |
22 July 1461 Mehun-sur-Yèvre Died by natural causes (aged 58) |
Marie of Anjou (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1422; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1461) 14 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:Blason Charles de France (1446-1472) duc de Guyenne.svg Charles of France Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Charles de France (1446-1472).jpg | 26 December 1446 Château de Tours Son of Charles VII of France and Marie of Anjou |
November 1461 Template:Ndash 24 May 1472 |
24 May 1472 Bordeaux Died by syphilis (aged 25) |
Never married |
| File:Arms of Jeanne de France (2).svg Joan of France |
File:St. Jeanne de Valois.jpg | 23 April 1464 Nogent-le-Roi Daughter of Louis XI of France and Charlotte of Savoy |
7 April 1498 Template:Ndash 4 February 1505 |
4 February 1505 Bourges, Berry Died by natural causes (aged 40) |
Louis II, Duke of Orléans (then Louis XII)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1476; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />ann.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1498) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
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House of Valois-Angoulême (1527-1601)
In 1527, King Francis I granted his sister Marguerite the duchy of Berry, probably on the occasion of her marriage to Henry II of Navarre.[6] After her death without male issue in 1549, Berry reverted to the Crown.
In 1550, King Henry II granted Berry to his sister Margaret of Valois for life.[7] After the death of Margaret of Valois in 1574, her nephew King Henry III granted Berry and the County of La Marche to his sister-in-law and Queen dowager of France Elisabeth of Austria.[8] However, in 1577, as a consequence of the Peace of Monsieur, Elisabeth of Austria was forced by King Henry III to exchange Berry and La Marche (which then became part of the expanded appanage of his brother Francis, Duke of Anjou) for the duchies of Auvergne and Bourbon.[9] After Francis of Anjou's death in 1584, Berry and his other appanages again returned to the Crown.
In 1589, King Henry IV granted Berry to King Henry III's widow Louise of Lorraine for her lifetime.
| Duke | Birth | Tenure | Death | Marriage(s) Issue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Coat of Arms of Marguerite of Angouleme, Queen Consort of Navarre.svg Margaret of Navarre Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Portrait de Marguerite de Navarre, attribué à François Clouet, musée Condé (cropped).jpg | 11 April 1492 Château d'Angoulême Daughter of Charles of Orléans and Louise of Savoy |
24 January 1527 Template:Ndash 21 December 1549 |
21 December 1549 Odos, Navarre Died by natural causes (aged 57) |
Template:Grey Charles IV of Alençon (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1509; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1525) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Grey Henry II of Navarre (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1527; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1549) 1 childScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:Arms of Charles de Berry.svg Margaret of France Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry by Studio of François Clouet.jpg | 5 June 1523 Saint-Germain-en-Laye Daughter of Francis I and Claude of Brittany |
29 April 1550 Template:Ndash 15 September 1574 |
15 September 1574 Turin, Savoy Died by natural causes (aged 51) |
Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1559; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1574) 1 childScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:COA french queen Elisabeth d'Autriche.svg Elisabeth of Austria Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Jakob de Monte 001.jpg | 5 July 1554 Vienna, Austria Daughter of Emperor Maximilian II and Mary of Austria |
21 November 1575 Template:Ndash 25 September 1577 (Title forfeited) |
22 January 1592 Vienna, Austria Died by pleurisy (aged 37) |
Charles IX of France (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1570; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1574) 1 childScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:Blason duche fr Anjou (moderne).svg Francis of France Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Jean Decourt - Portrait François-Hercule de Valois, duc d’Alençon c. 1576.png | 18 March 1555 Château de Fontainebleau Son of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici |
25 September 1577 Template:Ndash 10 June 1584 |
10 June 1584 Château-Thierry Died by malaria (aged 29) |
Never married |
| File:COA french queen Louise de Lorraine.svg Louise of Lorraine |
File:In the manner of François Clouet - Louise de Lorraine - Google Art Project.jpg | 30 April 1553 Nomeny, Barrois Daughter of Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur and Margaret of Egmont |
August 1589 Template:Ndash 29 January 1601 |
29 January 1601 Moulins, Bourbonnais Died by natural causes (aged 47) |
Henry III of France (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1575; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1589) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
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House of Bourbon (1686-1820)
In 1686, King Louis XIV granted the title Duke of Berry to his third grandson Charles who continued to use it as his primary title until his death in 1714, despite never gaining the appanage of Berry.[10] In 1754, King Louis XV styled his newborn grandson Louis-Auguste as Duke of Berry until his ascension as Dauphin of France in 1765, after his father's death.
In 1778, King Louis XVI re-established the Duchy of Berry as an appanage for his newborn nephew, Charles Ferdinand of Artois, who was killed in 1820 by Louis Pierre Louvel, a Bonapartist.
| Duke | Birth | Tenure | Death | Marriage(s) Issue | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Arms of Charles de Berry.svg Charles of France Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Vivien - Charles of France, Duke of Berry - Louvre.png | 31 July 1686 Versailles Son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Anna of Bavaria |
31 July 1686 Template:Ndash 5 May 1714 |
5 May 1714 Versailles Died in hunting accident (aged 27) |
Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1710; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1714) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:Arms of Charles de Berry.svg Louis-Auguste of France (then Louis XVI)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
File:Roslin Louis XVI of France.jpg | 23 August 1754 Versailles Son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Josepha of Saxony |
23 August 1754 Template:Ndash 20 December 1765 (Became Dauphin) |
21 January 1793 Place de la Révolution, Paris Executed for treason (aged 38) |
Marie Antoinette of Austria (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1770; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1793) 4 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| File:Arms of Charles dArtois.svg Charles Ferdinand of Artois |
File:Danloux - Charles Ferdinand d'Artois (1778-1820), duc de Berry.jpg | 24 January 1778 Versailles Son of Charles of Artois and Maria Theresa of Savoy |
24 January 1778 Template:Ndash 14 February 1820 |
14 February 1820 Outside Paris Opera Murdered by Louis Pierre Louvel (aged 42) |
Marie-Caroline of Sicily (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1816; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1820) 2 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
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See also
- House of France
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References
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Richard Vaughan, John the Fearless: The Growth of Burgundian Power, Vol. 2, (Boydell Press, 2005), 263.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "St. Joan of Valois". Catholic.org. Retrieved: 26 October 2014.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ See the Letters patent: Louis, par la grâce de Dieu, roy de France et de Navarre, à tous présens et à venir, SALUT. (…) Notre très-cher et très-amé petit-fils Charles, fils de France, a dignement répondu à nos espérance (…) Pour ces causes et autres à ce Nous mouvans, de l’avis de notre conseil, Nous avons donné, octroyé et délaissé, et par ces présentes signées de notre main, donnons, octroyons et delaissons à notredit petit-fils Charles, fils de France, et à ses enfans mâles descendans de lui en loyal mariage, pour leur appanage et entretenement, selon la nature des appanages de la Maison de France et les lois de notre royaume, les duchés d’Alençon et d’Angoulême, le comté de Ponthieu et les châtellenies de Coignac et de Merpins, réunis à notre couronne par le décès de notre cousine Elisabeth d’Orléans, duchesse de Guise, ensemble les terres et seigneuries de Noyelles, Hiermont, Coutteville et le Mesnil, par Nous acquises par contrat passé entre les commissaires par Nous nommez, et Marie d’Orléans, duchesse de Nemours, le 16 Decembre 1706, en échange de la baronie, terre et seigneuries de Parthenay (…).