Zaspa: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Zaspa | | name = Zaspa | ||
| settlement_type = | | settlement_type = Former district (''[[dzielnica]]'') | ||
| image_skyline = Gdańsk ulica Nagórskiego 7 i 9.JPG | | image_skyline = Gdańsk ulica Nagórskiego 7 i 9.JPG | ||
| image_caption = | | image_caption = Housing in Zaspa | ||
| image_map = Dzielnice Gdansk Zaspa.svg | | image_map = Dzielnice Gdansk Zaspa.svg | ||
| map_caption = Location of Zaspa within Gdańsk | | map_caption = Location of Zaspa within Gdańsk | ||
| Line 30: | Line 29: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Zaspa''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈzaspa|audio=LL-Q809 (pol)-Tsca-Zaspa.wav|lang=pl}}; {{langx|de|Saspe}} {{IPA|de|ˈzaspə|}}) | '''Zaspa''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈzaspa|audio=LL-Q809 (pol)-Tsca-Zaspa.wav|lang=pl}}; {{langx|de|Saspe}} {{IPA|de|ˈzaspə|}}) is an area of [[Gdańsk]], [[Poland]], located in the northern part of the city. It is divided into two administrative districts: [[Zaspa-Młyniec]] and [[Zaspa-Rozstaje]]. It is located on the former grounds of an airport. | ||
Zaspa | == Location == | ||
Zaspa borders [[Przymorze Wielkie]] and [[Przymorze Małe]] to the north, [[Breźno]] to the east, [[Wrzeszcz Dolny]] to the east and south, and [[Wrzeszcz Górny]], [[Strzyża]], and [[Oliwa]] to the west.<ref>{{cite web |title=Podział administracyjny Gdańska |url=https://bip.gdansk.pl/urzad-miejski/Podzial-administracyjny-Gdanska,a,647 |website=bip.gdansk.pl |access-date=19 June 2025}}</ref> | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Miejsce rozstrzelania na Zaspie (była strzelnica).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Memorial at the site of the former mass grave of the defenders of the Polish Post Office]] | [[File:Miejsce rozstrzelania na Zaspie (była strzelnica).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Memorial at the site of the former mass grave of the defenders of the Polish Post Office]] | ||
Zaspa originated as a small village on the western shore of the now-nonexistent Zaspa Lake, owned by the [[Oliwa Abbey]]. It quickly grew to encompass a significant amount of land on the Baltic shore. Several manors were built on its land, growing to 20 in number. It was a position for artillery during the [[Siege of Danzig (1734)|Siege of Danzig in 1734]] and also saw direct warfare during the siege.<ref name = :0>{{cite web |last=Kościelak |first=Zdzisław |title=ZASPA |url=https://gdansk.gedanopedia.pl/gdansk/?title=ZASPA# |website=Gedanopedia |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref> | |||
As of 1781, Zaspa, known as ''Saspe'' in German, still largely rural, had 92 inhabitants in total. In 1867, railways started running through the area and it became increasingly industrialized during the 19th century, although the locations where that was most prominent was in modern [[Letnica, Gdańsk|Letnica]], where most of its 1895 population of 772 resided.<ref name = :0 /> Saspe also became home to a military installation, known as the ''Schießstände Saspe'', which functioned primarily as a [[shooting range]].<ref name = :2>{{cite web |date=16 June 2020 |title=Zaspa to nie Dubaj i historię swą ma |url=https://www.zaspa24.pl/zaspa-to-nie-dubaj-i-historie-swa-ma/ |website=zaspa24.pl |access-date=25 June 2025}}</ref> | |||
The flat and sparsely-developed terrain of Saspe was conducive to the construction of an airport. In 1913, a small airfield was constructed near the range for military purposes, which was used for civilian aviation as well once the [[Free City of Danzig]] became an independent state. Saspe became part of Danzig in 1914. It became home to several institutions, including a [[flying club]] and [[glider]] workshops.<ref name = :1>{{cite book |last=Zymon |first=Grzegorz |date=2024 |title=Gdańsk Zaspa, dawniej lotnisko: lotniczy patroni ulic |publisher=Drukarnia Witograf Wincenty Nowak |page=11–12 |isbn=978-83-971875-0-4}}</ref> | |||
During | During [[World War II]], on October 5, 1939, the Germans carried out the execution of the [[Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig|defenders of the Polish Post Office in Danzig]] in the district.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|page=86}}</ref> There are memorials to the defenders at the site of the execution and at the site of their former mass grave, which was discovered in 1991. The defenders were then reburied at the cemetery of victims of Nazi Germany in Zaspa in 1992.<ref name=obroncy>{{cite web|url=https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/80-rocznica-rozstrzelania-obroncow-poczty-polskiej-uroczystosci-nad-grobem-bohaterow,a,156090|title=80. rocznica rozstrzelania Obrońców Poczty Polskiej - uroczystości nad grobem bohaterów|website=Gdansk.pl|access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref> | ||
Saspe suffered significant damage during the [[Siege of Danzig (1945)|Siege of Danzig in 1945]], as the airport and surrounding infrastructure were crucial to the German defensive effort. After the war, the airport was rebuilt. By the late 1960s, the airport was becoming dilapidated, with a replacement already in the works in [[Matarnia]], today known as [[Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport]]. In 1969, a contest was held for plans for developing the former airport grounds.<ref name = :1 /> | |||
The contest was won by the ''Miastoprojekt'', conceived by a group of architects, which suggested the construction of several high-rise [[apartment block]]s where the airport had once been. The last plane arrived at the old airport in 1974; that same year, the first inhabitants of the new developments moved in. By 1990, it was already inhabited by 31,000 people. That year, the large population resulted in it being split into two districts, [[Zaspa-Młyniec]] and [[Zaspa-Rozstaje]].<ref name = :0 /> | |||
The [[ | |||
The area was visited by [[Pope John Paul II]] in 1987. Since the 1990s, it has become a major location for [[street art]], with murals adorning many of its buildings.<ref name = :0 /><ref name = :2 /><ref name = :1 /> | |||
[[ | |||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths= | <gallery widths=140> | ||
Gdańsk ulica | Gdańsk ulica Ciołkowskiego.JPG|Ciołkowski Street | ||
Gdańsk | Pętla tramwajowa Gdańsk Zaspa.jpg|Gdańsk Zaspa tram loop | ||
Gdańsk Park Zaspa im. Jana Pawła II.JPG|Zaspa Park | |||
Gdańsk kościół Opatrzności Bożej.jpg|Church of Divine Providence | |||
Cmentarz na Zaspie.jpg|Zaspa Cemetery | |||
Gdansk Zaspa mural 15.jpg|One of many murals in Zaspa | |||
Gdansk Zaspa mural | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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[[Category:Sites of Nazi war crimes in Poland]] | [[Category:Sites of Nazi war crimes in Poland]] | ||
[[Category:Sites of World War II massacres of Poles]] | [[Category:Sites of World War II massacres of Poles]] | ||
Revision as of 11:42, 25 June 2025
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Zaspa (Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA".) is an area of Gdańsk, Poland, located in the northern part of the city. It is divided into two administrative districts: Zaspa-Młyniec and Zaspa-Rozstaje. It is located on the former grounds of an airport.
Location
Zaspa borders Przymorze Wielkie and Przymorze Małe to the north, Breźno to the east, Wrzeszcz Dolny to the east and south, and Wrzeszcz Górny, Strzyża, and Oliwa to the west.[1]
History
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Zaspa originated as a small village on the western shore of the now-nonexistent Zaspa Lake, owned by the Oliwa Abbey. It quickly grew to encompass a significant amount of land on the Baltic shore. Several manors were built on its land, growing to 20 in number. It was a position for artillery during the Siege of Danzig in 1734 and also saw direct warfare during the siege.[2]
As of 1781, Zaspa, known as Saspe in German, still largely rural, had 92 inhabitants in total. In 1867, railways started running through the area and it became increasingly industrialized during the 19th century, although the locations where that was most prominent was in modern Letnica, where most of its 1895 population of 772 resided.[2] Saspe also became home to a military installation, known as the Schießstände Saspe, which functioned primarily as a shooting range.[3]
The flat and sparsely-developed terrain of Saspe was conducive to the construction of an airport. In 1913, a small airfield was constructed near the range for military purposes, which was used for civilian aviation as well once the Free City of Danzig became an independent state. Saspe became part of Danzig in 1914. It became home to several institutions, including a flying club and glider workshops.[4]
During World War II, on October 5, 1939, the Germans carried out the execution of the defenders of the Polish Post Office in Danzig in the district.[5] There are memorials to the defenders at the site of the execution and at the site of their former mass grave, which was discovered in 1991. The defenders were then reburied at the cemetery of victims of Nazi Germany in Zaspa in 1992.[6]
Saspe suffered significant damage during the Siege of Danzig in 1945, as the airport and surrounding infrastructure were crucial to the German defensive effort. After the war, the airport was rebuilt. By the late 1960s, the airport was becoming dilapidated, with a replacement already in the works in Matarnia, today known as Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport. In 1969, a contest was held for plans for developing the former airport grounds.[4]
The contest was won by the Miastoprojekt, conceived by a group of architects, which suggested the construction of several high-rise apartment blocks where the airport had once been. The last plane arrived at the old airport in 1974; that same year, the first inhabitants of the new developments moved in. By 1990, it was already inhabited by 31,000 people. That year, the large population resulted in it being split into two districts, Zaspa-Młyniec and Zaspa-Rozstaje.[2]
The area was visited by Pope John Paul II in 1987. Since the 1990s, it has become a major location for street art, with murals adorning many of its buildings.[2][3][4]
Gallery
-
Ciołkowski Street
-
Gdańsk Zaspa tram loop
-
Zaspa Park
-
Church of Divine Providence
-
Zaspa Cemetery
-
One of many murals in Zaspa
References
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External links
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