HMAS Quiberon: Difference between revisions

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#REDIRECT [[HMAS Quiberon (G81)]]
{{short description|Australian royal navy ship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Australian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=HMAS Quiberon SLV AllanGreen.jpg
|image_caption=HMAS ''Quiberon''
}}
 
|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|country=Australia
|flag={{shipboxflag|Australia|naval-1913}}
|namesake=[[Battle of Quiberon Bay]], 1759
|builder=[[J. Samuel White]]
|laid_down=14 October 1940
|launched=31 January 1942
|commissioned=6 July 1942
|decommissioned=26 June 1964
|reclassified=Anti-submarine frigate (1954)
|motto="Seek and Subdue"
|nickname=
|honours=*'''Battle honours:'''
          *[[Battle of the Mediterranean|Mediterranean]] 1942
          *[[North African Campaign|North Africa]] 1942–43
          *[[Battle of the Atlantic|Atlantic]] 1943
          *[[Indian Ocean in World War II|Indian Ocean]] 1943–44
          *East Indies 1944
          *[[South West Pacific theatre of World War II|Pacific]] 1944–45
          *[[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa]] 1945
          *[[Japan campaign|Japan]] 1945
|fate=Sold for scrap in 1972
|notes=
|badge=
}}
 
|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|header_caption=(as launched)
|class=[[Q and R-class destroyer|Q-class]] [[destroyer]]
|displacement=*1,705 tons standard
              *2,424 tons deep load
|length=*{{convert|361|ft|1.5|in|abbr=on}} [[length overall]]
        *{{convert|339|ft|6|in|abbr=on}} [[between perpendiculars]]
|beam={{convert|35|ft|8|in|abbr=on}}
|propulsion=2 [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s, Parsons Impulse turbines, {{convert|40,000|shp|abbr=on}}
|speed={{convert|32.7|kn}}
|range=*{{convert|1150|nmi}} at {{convert|32|kn}}
        *{{convert|3560|nmi}} at {{convert|8|kn}}
|endurance=
|complement=8 officers, 181 sailors
|sensors=
|EW=
|armament=
*4 × [[QF 4.7 inch Mk IX|QF 4.7-inch (120 mm) guns]]
*1 × quadruple [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom AA guns]]
*6 × [[20 mm Oerlikon]] AA guns
*4 × [[Depth charge]] throwers
*2 × quadruple [[British 21 inch torpedo|{{convert|21|inch|mm|adj=on|0}} torpedo]] tube sets
|notes=
}}
 
|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|header_caption=(post conversion)
|type=Modified [[Type 15 frigate]]
|draught={{convert|15.5|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|range={{convert|4040|nmi}} at {{convert|16|kn}}
}}
}}
'''HMAS ''Quiberon'' (G81/D20/D281/F03)''' was a [[Q and R-class destroyer|Q-class]] destroyer of the [[Royal Australian Navy]] (RAN). Although built for the [[Royal Navy]] and remaining British property until 1950, ''Quiberon'' was one of two Q-class destroyers commissioned into the RAN during World War II. She was passed into full RAN ownership in 1950, and converted into an anti-submarine frigate.
 
==Design and construction==
{{main|Q and R-class destroyer}}
''Quiberon'' was one of eight Q-class destroyers constructed as a flotilla under the [[War Emergency Programme destroyers|War Emergency Programme]].<ref name=Cassells95>Cassells, ''The Destroyers'', p. 95</ref> These ships had a standard displacement of 1,705 tons, and a deep load displacement of 2,424 tons.<ref name=Cassells95/> ''Quiberon'' was {{convert|361|ft|1.5|in}} [[length overall|long overall]], and {{convert|339|ft|6|in}} long [[between perpendiculars]], with a beam of {{convert|35|ft|8|in}}.<ref name=Cassells95/> Propulsion was provided by two [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s connected to Parsons Impulse turbines, which generated {{convert|40000|shp}} for the propeller shafts.<ref name=Cassells96>Cassells, ''The Destroyers'', p. 96</ref> ''Quiberon'' achieved a maximum speed of {{convert|32.7|kn}} during full-power trials.<ref name=Cassells96/> At {{convert|32|kn}}, she had a range of only {{convert|1150|nmi}}, but could travel {{convert|3560|nmi}} at {{convert|8|kn}}.<ref name=Cassells96/> The ship's company consisted of 8 officers and 181 sailors.<ref name=Cassells96/>
 
The ship's main armament consisted of four [[QF 4.7 inch Mk IX]] guns in single turrets.<ref name=Cassells96/> This was supplemented by a quadruple [[2-pounder pom-pom]], and six [[20 mm Oerlikon]] anti-aircraft guns. Four [[depth-charge]] throwers were fitted, with a payload of 70 charges carried, and two quadruple 21-inch torpedo tube sets were fitted, although a maximum of eight torpedoes were carried.<ref name=Cassells96/>
 
''Quiberon'' was laid down by [[J. Samuel White]] and Company at their shipyard in [[Cowes]], on the [[Isle of Wight]], on 14 October 1940.<ref name=Cassells96/> She was launched on 31 January 1942 by the wife of [[Rear Admiral]] S. D. Tillard, Flag Officer in Charge, [[Southampton]].<ref name=Cassells96/> ''Quiberon'' was commissioned into the RAN on 6 July 1942.<ref name=Cassells96/> Although commissioned as an Australian ship, the destroyer initially remained the property of the Royal Navy.<ref name=Cassells96/> The ship was named after the [[Battle of Quiberon Bay]], which occurred in 1759.<ref name=Cassells95/>
 
==Operational history==
 
===World War II===
''Quiberon'' first served on North Atlantic convoy escort duty, operating out of Scapa Flow.<ref name=Cassells96/> She was assigned to support the [[Operation Torch|Allied landings in North Africa]] in October 1942.<ref name=Cassells96/> On 28 November, ''Quiberon'' attacked and sank the Italian submarine {{ship|Italian submarine|Dessiè||2}} off the Tunisian coast.<ref name=Cassells96/> After this, the destroyer was assigned to "Force Q", which was based at [[Bône]] and consisted of three cruisers and two other Q-class destroyers.<ref name=Cassells96/>
 
====Battle of Skerki Bank====
{{main|Battle of Skerki Bank}}
Around midnight on 1 December, Force Q located and attacked an Italian convoy of four merchant ships and escorting destroyers about {{convert|40|mi}} to the north of [[Cape Bon]].<ref name=Cassells96/><ref>Gill, ''Royal Australian Navy, 1942–1945'', pp. 201–202</ref> All four supply ships, carrying mostly troops and munitions, were sunk, and at 01:35 on 2 December ''Quiberon'' fired the final shot into the Italian torpedo boat {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Lupo||2}} which was part of the escort of another convoy.<ref name=Cassells96/> While returning to port, sister ship {{HMS|Quentin|G78|6}} was torpedoed by a German aircraft: ''Quiberon'' evacuated most of the other destroyer's personnel.<ref name=Cassells96/> On 21 December, ''Quiberon'' rescued survivors from the passenger vessel ''Strathallen''.<ref name=Cassells96/>
 
====Indian Ocean and Pacific service====
[[File:HMAS Quiberon (301247).jpg|thumb|left|''Quiberon'' in 1945]]
In January 1943, the destroyer escorted a convoy from England to Cape Town, then made for Victoria, Australia for refit.<ref name=Cassells96/> After work was completed, ''Quiberon'' was assigned to the [[British Eastern Fleet]], primarily as a convoy escort across the Indian Ocean. In July 1943, the ship rescued survivors from {{SS|Jasper Park||2}}, that was sunk by U-boat ''[[U-177]]''.<ref name=Cassells96/> In April 1944, the destroyer was part of the carrier escort screen during [[Operation Cockpit]], then again in May for [[Operation Transom]]: air raids against Japanese forces occupying the [[Dutch East Indies]].<ref name=Cassells96/> After a brief refit in Melbourne, ''Quiberon'' resumed operations with the Eastern Fleet in August.<ref name=Cassells96/> In October, she took part in a series of fleet bombardments of the Japanese-held [[Nicobar Islands]].<ref name=Cassells96/> In mid December, ''Quiberon'' was reassigned to Australian waters as a convoy escort and anti-submarine patrol vessel.<ref name=Cassells96/> During early 1945, the destroyer was attached to the [[British Pacific Fleet]].<ref name=Cassells96/> Operating from [[Manus Island]], ''Quiberon'' took part in operations in support of the [[Battle of Okinawa|American seizure of Okinawa]] and [[Japan campaign|attacks on the Japanese home islands]].<ref name=Cassells96/>
 
====Immediate post-war service====
At the end of World War II, ''Quiberon'' was present at the Allied reoccupation of Singapore, and spent the period until February 1946 operating in the East Indies to help reestablish Dutch control, move troops, and repatriate prisoners-of-war.<ref name=Cassells97>Cassells, ''The Destroyers'', p. 97</ref> The ship received eight [[battle honour]]s for her wartime service: "Mediterranean 1942", "North Africa 1942–43", "Atlantic 1943", "Indian Ocean 1943–44", "East Indies 1944", "Pacific 1945", "Okinawa 1945", and "Japan 1945".<ref name=newhonours>{{cite news |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |title=Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613184920/http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |archive-date=13 June 2011 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |access-date=23 December 2012}}</ref><ref name=honourslist>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |title=Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614064156/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2011 |access-date=23 December 2012}}</ref> Between 1946 and 1948, ''Quiberon'' was deployed with the [[British Commonwealth Occupation Force]] on three occasions.<ref name=Cassells97/>
 
===Frigate conversion===
[[File:HMAS Quiberon (F03) underway c1960.jpeg|thumb|''Quiberon''{{'}}s post-conversion configuration.]]
In early 1950, the decision was made to convert all five Q-class destroyers in RAN service (three more had been acquired after World War II) to anti-submarine warfare frigates, similar to the [[Type 15 frigate]] conversions performed on several [[War Emergency Programme destroyers]] of the RN.<ref name=Coop168>Cooper, in Stevens, ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 168</ref> A proposal was made by the Australian government to pay for the upgrade to the five on-loan vessels, at the predicted cost of [[Australian pound|AU£]]400,000 each.<ref name=Coop168/> Instead, the British Admiralty presented the ships to the RAN on 1 June as gifts.<ref name=Coop168/><ref name=Bas316>Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 316</ref> The conversions were part of an overall plan to improve the anti-submarine warfare capability of the RAN, although ''Quiberon'' and the other ships were only a 'stopgap' measure until purpose-built ASW frigates could be constructed.<ref name=Dono67>Donohue, ''From Empire Defence to the Long Haul'', p. 67</ref>
 
''Quiberon'' paid off on 15 May 1950 for conversion at [[Cockatoo Island Dockyard]] and [[Garden Island Dockyard]] in Sydney. She was recommissioned on 18 December 1957.<ref>Cassells, ''The Destroyers'', pp. 97–8</ref>
 
===Post-conversion service===
''Quiberon'' served in the Far East with the [[Commonwealth Strategic Reserve]] and as a unit of the Australian Fleet on the Australia Station.<ref name=gillet182>Gillett & Graham, ''Warships of Australia'', p. 182</ref> The frigate made a port visit to Burma in 1959; the last RAN vessel to do so until {{HMAS|Childers|ACPB 93|6}} in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.navy.gov.au/en/Jan2014/Fleet/796 |title=HMAS Childers arrives in Burma |last=Department of Defence |date=21 January 2014 |work=Navy Daily |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |access-date=23 January 2014 |archive-date=25 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125163630/http://news.navy.gov.au/en/Jan2014/Fleet/796 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
In October 1962 ''Quiberon'' together with [[HMAS Queenborough|HMAS ''Queenborough'']] rescued 25 survivors from the Panamaian merchant steamer ''Kawi'', which sank after being caught in a storm in the South China Sea. In December 1962, again with HMAS ''Queenborough'', HMAS ''Quiberon'' rescued the crew of the SS ''Tuscany'', which had run aground on a reef in the South China Sea.<ref>{{cite news |last=Morely |first=Dave |title=A Time of Reconnaissance and Rescues |url=http://www.defence.gov.au/news/navynews/ |work=Navy News |volume=60 |issue=9 |date=1 June 2017 |publisher=Department of Defence |location=Canberra |page=13 |oclc=223485215}}</ref>
 
==Decommissioning and fate==
''Quiberon'' paid off to reserve on 26 June 1964. She was sold for scrap to the Fujita Salvage Company Limited of Osaka, Japan on 15 February 1972, and left Sydney under tow on 10 April 1972.<ref>Gillett & Graham, ''Warships of Australia'', p. 183</ref>
 
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
 
==References==
* {{cite book |last=Bastock |first=John |title=Australia's Ships of War |year=1975 |publisher=Angus and Robertson |location=Cremorne, New South Wales |isbn=0-207-12927-4 |oclc=2525523}}
*{{cite book |last=Cassells |first=Vic |title=The Destroyers: Their Battles and Their Badges |year=2000 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=East Roseville, New South Wales |isbn=0-7318-0893-2 |oclc=46829686}}
* {{cite book |last=Donohue |first=Hector |title=From Empire Defence to the Long Haul: post-war defence policy and its impact on naval force structure planning 1945–1955 |series=Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs |volume=1 |date=October 1996 |publisher=Sea Power Centre |location=Canberra |isbn=0-642-25907-0 |issn=1327-5658 |oclc=36817771}}
* {{cite book |last=Gill |first=G. Hermon |title=Royal Australian Navy, 1942–1945 |series=Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy |volume=II |edition=1st |year=1968 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070208/ |oclc=65475}}
*{{cite book |last1=Gillett |first1=Ross |last2=Graham |first2=Colin |title=Warships of Australia|year=1977 |publisher=Rigby |location=Adelaide, South Australia |isbn=0-7270-0472-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Raven|first=Alan|author2=Roberts, John |title=War Built Destroyers O to Z Classes|publisher=Bivouac Books|location=London|date=1978|isbn=0-85680-010-4}}
* {{cite book |author=Stevens, David |author2=Sears, Jason |author3=Goldrick, James |author4=Cooper, Alastair |author5=Jones, Peter |author6= Spurling, Kathryn |editor=Stevens, David |title=The Royal Australian Navy |series=The Australian Centenary History of Defence (vol III) |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=South Melbourne, Victoria |isbn=0-19-554116-2 |oclc=50418095}}
* {{cite book |last=Cooper |first=Alastair |editor=Stevens, David |title=The Royal Australian Navy |chapter=The Korean War Era (pp 155–180)}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-quiberon|title=HMAS Quiberon |access-date=8 September 2015 |work=Ship Histories |publisher=Sea Power Centre Australia}}
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War 2|publisher=Naval Institute Press|date=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1|location=Annapolis, Maryland}}
 
==External links==
{{Commons category|HMAS Quiberon (G81)}}
 
{{Q and R class destroyer}}
{{Type 15 frigate}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Quiberon (G81)}}
[[Category:Q-class destroyers of the Royal Australian Navy]]
[[Category:Type 15 frigates of the Royal Australian Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built on the Isle of Wight]]
[[Category:1942 ships]]
[[Category:World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War II destroyers of Australia]]

Latest revision as of 11:43, 20 December 2025

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Australian English

<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox ship/styles.css"/>

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HMAS Quiberon (G81/D20/D281/F03) was a Q-class destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Although built for the Royal Navy and remaining British property until 1950, Quiberon was one of two Q-class destroyers commissioned into the RAN during World War II. She was passed into full RAN ownership in 1950, and converted into an anti-submarine frigate.

Design and construction

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Quiberon was one of eight Q-class destroyers constructed as a flotilla under the War Emergency Programme.[1] These ships had a standard displacement of 1,705 tons, and a deep load displacement of 2,424 tons.[1] Quiberon was Script error: No such module "convert". long overall, and Script error: No such module "convert". long between perpendiculars, with a beam of Script error: No such module "convert"..[1] Propulsion was provided by two Admiralty 3-drum boilers connected to Parsons Impulse turbines, which generated Script error: No such module "convert". for the propeller shafts.[2] Quiberon achieved a maximum speed of Script error: No such module "convert". during full-power trials.[2] At Script error: No such module "convert"., she had a range of only Script error: No such module "convert"., but could travel Script error: No such module "convert". at Script error: No such module "convert"..[2] The ship's company consisted of 8 officers and 181 sailors.[2]

The ship's main armament consisted of four QF 4.7 inch Mk IX guns in single turrets.[2] This was supplemented by a quadruple 2-pounder pom-pom, and six 20 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns. Four depth-charge throwers were fitted, with a payload of 70 charges carried, and two quadruple 21-inch torpedo tube sets were fitted, although a maximum of eight torpedoes were carried.[2]

Quiberon was laid down by J. Samuel White and Company at their shipyard in Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, on 14 October 1940.[2] She was launched on 31 January 1942 by the wife of Rear Admiral S. D. Tillard, Flag Officer in Charge, Southampton.[2] Quiberon was commissioned into the RAN on 6 July 1942.[2] Although commissioned as an Australian ship, the destroyer initially remained the property of the Royal Navy.[2] The ship was named after the Battle of Quiberon Bay, which occurred in 1759.[1]

Operational history

World War II

Quiberon first served on North Atlantic convoy escort duty, operating out of Scapa Flow.[2] She was assigned to support the Allied landings in North Africa in October 1942.[2] On 28 November, Quiberon attacked and sank the Italian submarine Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". off the Tunisian coast.[2] After this, the destroyer was assigned to "Force Q", which was based at Bône and consisted of three cruisers and two other Q-class destroyers.[2]

Battle of Skerki Bank

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Around midnight on 1 December, Force Q located and attacked an Italian convoy of four merchant ships and escorting destroyers about Script error: No such module "convert". to the north of Cape Bon.[2][3] All four supply ships, carrying mostly troops and munitions, were sunk, and at 01:35 on 2 December Quiberon fired the final shot into the Italian torpedo boat Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". which was part of the escort of another convoy.[2] While returning to port, sister ship Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". was torpedoed by a German aircraft: Quiberon evacuated most of the other destroyer's personnel.[2] On 21 December, Quiberon rescued survivors from the passenger vessel Strathallen.[2]

Indian Ocean and Pacific service

File:HMAS Quiberon (301247).jpg
Quiberon in 1945

In January 1943, the destroyer escorted a convoy from England to Cape Town, then made for Victoria, Australia for refit.[2] After work was completed, Quiberon was assigned to the British Eastern Fleet, primarily as a convoy escort across the Indian Ocean. In July 1943, the ship rescued survivors from Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., that was sunk by U-boat U-177.[2] In April 1944, the destroyer was part of the carrier escort screen during Operation Cockpit, then again in May for Operation Transom: air raids against Japanese forces occupying the Dutch East Indies.[2] After a brief refit in Melbourne, Quiberon resumed operations with the Eastern Fleet in August.[2] In October, she took part in a series of fleet bombardments of the Japanese-held Nicobar Islands.[2] In mid December, Quiberon was reassigned to Australian waters as a convoy escort and anti-submarine patrol vessel.[2] During early 1945, the destroyer was attached to the British Pacific Fleet.[2] Operating from Manus Island, Quiberon took part in operations in support of the American seizure of Okinawa and attacks on the Japanese home islands.[2]

Immediate post-war service

At the end of World War II, Quiberon was present at the Allied reoccupation of Singapore, and spent the period until February 1946 operating in the East Indies to help reestablish Dutch control, move troops, and repatriate prisoners-of-war.[4] The ship received eight battle honours for her wartime service: "Mediterranean 1942", "North Africa 1942–43", "Atlantic 1943", "Indian Ocean 1943–44", "East Indies 1944", "Pacific 1945", "Okinawa 1945", and "Japan 1945".[5][6] Between 1946 and 1948, Quiberon was deployed with the British Commonwealth Occupation Force on three occasions.[4]

Frigate conversion

File:HMAS Quiberon (F03) underway c1960.jpeg
QuiberonTemplate:'s post-conversion configuration.

In early 1950, the decision was made to convert all five Q-class destroyers in RAN service (three more had been acquired after World War II) to anti-submarine warfare frigates, similar to the Type 15 frigate conversions performed on several War Emergency Programme destroyers of the RN.[7] A proposal was made by the Australian government to pay for the upgrade to the five on-loan vessels, at the predicted cost of AU£400,000 each.[7] Instead, the British Admiralty presented the ships to the RAN on 1 June as gifts.[7][8] The conversions were part of an overall plan to improve the anti-submarine warfare capability of the RAN, although Quiberon and the other ships were only a 'stopgap' measure until purpose-built ASW frigates could be constructed.[9]

Quiberon paid off on 15 May 1950 for conversion at Cockatoo Island Dockyard and Garden Island Dockyard in Sydney. She was recommissioned on 18 December 1957.[10]

Post-conversion service

Quiberon served in the Far East with the Commonwealth Strategic Reserve and as a unit of the Australian Fleet on the Australia Station.[11] The frigate made a port visit to Burma in 1959; the last RAN vessel to do so until Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in 2014.[12]

In October 1962 Quiberon together with HMAS Queenborough rescued 25 survivors from the Panamaian merchant steamer Kawi, which sank after being caught in a storm in the South China Sea. In December 1962, again with HMAS Queenborough, HMAS Quiberon rescued the crew of the SS Tuscany, which had run aground on a reef in the South China Sea.[13]

Decommissioning and fate

Quiberon paid off to reserve on 26 June 1964. She was sold for scrap to the Fujita Salvage Company Limited of Osaka, Japan on 15 February 1972, and left Sydney under tow on 10 April 1972.[14]

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b c d Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 95
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 96
  3. ↑ Gill, Royal Australian Navy, 1942–1945, pp. 201–202
  4. ↑ a b Cassells, The Destroyers, p. 97
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c Cooper, in Stevens, The Royal Australian Navy, p. 168
  8. ↑ Bastock, Australia's Ships of War, p. 316
  9. ↑ Donohue, From Empire Defence to the Long Haul, p. 67
  10. ↑ Cassells, The Destroyers, pp. 97–8
  11. ↑ Gillett & Graham, Warships of Australia, p. 182
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Gillett & Graham, Warships of Australia, p. 183

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References

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External links

Template:Sister project

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