Minibus: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Passenger-carrying motor vehicle (12–30 seats)}} | |||
{{Distinguish|Minivan|Midibus}} | |||
{{Redirect|Microbus|the VW Microbus|Volkswagen Type 2}} | {{Redirect|Microbus|the VW Microbus|Volkswagen Type 2}} | ||
{{more citations needed|date=February 2023}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} | ||
[[File:Jumper Distribus (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Citroën Jumper]] minibus in [[France]]]] | [[File:Jumper Distribus (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Citroën Jumper]] minibus in [[France]]]] | ||
[[File:Dutro110SDMicrobusRS.JPG|thumb|[[Hino Dutro]] 110SD 12-seater microbus in Indonesia]] | [[File:Dutro110SDMicrobusRS.JPG|thumb|[[Hino Dutro]] 110SD 12-seater microbus in [[Indonesia]]]] | ||
[[File:Minibus_Iveco.jpg|thumb|Cacciamali Urby (built on [[Iveco Daily]] chassis) in [[Rijeka]], [[Croatia]]]] | [[File:Minibus_Iveco.jpg|thumb|Cacciamali Urby (built on [[Iveco Daily]] chassis) in [[Rijeka]], [[Croatia]]]] | ||
[[File:KWK-010_Mikrotrans_JAK.27_Suzuki_New_Carry.jpg|thumb|Minibus vehicle from [[Suzuki Carry]] used as [[ | [[File:KWK-010_Mikrotrans_JAK.27_Suzuki_New_Carry.jpg|thumb|Minibus vehicle from [[Suzuki Carry]] used as [[public transport]]ation in Indonesia]] | ||
A '''minibus''', '''microbus''', or '''minicoach''' is a passenger-carrying [[motor vehicle]] that is designed to carry more people than a [[minivan|multi-purpose vehicle or minivan]], but fewer people than a [[bus|full-size bus]]. In the [[United Kingdom]], the word "minibus" is used to describe any full-sized passenger-carrying [[van]] or [[panel truck]]. Minibuses have a [[seating capacity]] of between 12 and 30. Larger minibuses may be called [[midibus]]es. Minibuses are typically front-engine step-in vehicles, although [[low floor]] minibuses are particularly common in Japan.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Vehicle Accessibility in Japan Today and the Outlook for the Future |last1=Akiyama |first1=Tetsuo |last2=Wahira |first2=Yoshihiro |last3=Kamata |first3=Minoru |last4=Fujii |first4=Naoto |date=2001 |journal=IATSS Research |volume=25 |pages=42–50 |doi=10.1016/S0386-1112(14)60005-4 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | A '''minibus''', '''microbus''', or '''minicoach''' is a passenger-carrying [[motor vehicle]] that is designed to carry more people than a [[minivan|multi-purpose vehicle or minivan]], but fewer people than a [[bus|full-size bus]]. In the [[United Kingdom]], the word "minibus" is used to describe any full-sized passenger-carrying [[van]] or [[panel truck]]. Minibuses have a [[seating capacity]] of between 12 and 30. Larger minibuses may be called [[midibus]]es. Minibuses are typically front-engine step-in vehicles, although [[low floor]] minibuses are particularly common in Japan.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Vehicle Accessibility in Japan Today and the Outlook for the Future |last1=Akiyama |first1=Tetsuo |last2=Wahira |first2=Yoshihiro |last3=Kamata |first3=Minoru |last4=Fujii |first4=Naoto |date=2001 |journal=IATSS Research |volume=25 |pages=42–50 |doi=10.1016/S0386-1112(14)60005-4 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
It is unknown when the first minibus vehicle was developed. For example, [[Ford Model T]] vehicles were modified for passenger transport by early bus companies and entrepreneurs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Negyesi |first1=Pal |title=The Role of the Ford Model T As a Bus in Central and Eastern Europe |url= https://ceautoclassic.eu/the-role-of-the-ford-model-t-as-a-bus-in-central-and-eastern-europe/ |work=CEAutoClassic |date=4 May 2020 |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref> Ford produced a version during the 1920s to carry up to twelve people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Henry the Model T Bus |url= https://www.highfieldspioneervillage.com.au/henry-the-model-t-bus |website=highfieldspioneervillage.com.au |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1926 Ford Model TT 10 Seater Country Bus Chassis no. 14390021 Engine no. 14390021 |url= https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/10533/lot/205/ |website=bonhams.com |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Car Ford Model T Station Bus 1919 for sale |url= https://www.prewarcar.com/453449-1919-ford-model-t-station-bus |website=PreWarCar |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref> | It is unknown when the first minibus vehicle was developed. For example, [[Ford Model T]] vehicles were modified for passenger transport by early bus companies and entrepreneurs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Negyesi |first1=Pal |title=The Role of the Ford Model T As a Bus in Central and Eastern Europe |url= https://ceautoclassic.eu/the-role-of-the-ford-model-t-as-a-bus-in-central-and-eastern-europe/ |work=CEAutoClassic |date=4 May 2020 |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref> Ford produced a version during the 1920s to carry up to twelve people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Henry the Model T Bus |url= https://www.highfieldspioneervillage.com.au/henry-the-model-t-bus |website=highfieldspioneervillage.com.au |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1926 Ford Model TT 10 Seater Country Bus Chassis no. 14390021 Engine no. 14390021 |url= https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/10533/lot/205/ |website=bonhams.com |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Car Ford Model T Station Bus 1919 for sale |url= https://www.prewarcar.com/453449-1919-ford-model-t-station-bus |website=PreWarCar |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref> | ||
In the [[Soviet Union]], the production of minibuses began in the mid-1950s, among the first mass-produced minibuses were the RAF-10, [[UAZ]]-451B, and Start.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dashko |first=Dmitry |title=Юность. Автобус для избранных |publisher=ООО "ИПК Парето-Принт" |year=2013 |pages=19–21 |language=ru |trans-title=Youth. A bus for the elite}}</ref> Since September 1961, the RAF-977D "Latvia" minibus began to be mass-produced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Хроника: любимый «рафик» |url= https://www.zr.ru/content/news/353880-hronika_lubimyj_rafik/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |language=ru}}</ref> | In the [[Soviet Union]], the production of minibuses began in the mid-1950s, among the first mass-produced minibuses were the RAF-10, [[UAZ]]-451B, and Start.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dashko |first=Dmitry |title=Юность. Автобус для избранных |publisher=ООО "ИПК Парето-Принт" |year=2013 |pages=19–21 |language=ru |trans-title=Youth. A bus for the elite}}</ref> Since September 1961, the RAF-977D "Latvia" minibus began to be mass-produced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Хроника: любимый «рафик» |url= https://www.zr.ru/content/news/353880-hronika_lubimyj_rafik/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |language=ru}}</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 23:45, 28 June 2025
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A minibus, microbus, or minicoach is a passenger-carrying motor vehicle that is designed to carry more people than a multi-purpose vehicle or minivan, but fewer people than a full-size bus. In the United Kingdom, the word "minibus" is used to describe any full-sized passenger-carrying van or panel truck. Minibuses have a seating capacity of between 12 and 30. Larger minibuses may be called midibuses. Minibuses are typically front-engine step-in vehicles, although low floor minibuses are particularly common in Japan.[1]
History
It is unknown when the first minibus vehicle was developed. For example, Ford Model T vehicles were modified for passenger transport by early bus companies and entrepreneurs.[2] Ford produced a version during the 1920s to carry up to twelve people.[3][4][5]
In the Soviet Union, the production of minibuses began in the mid-1950s, among the first mass-produced minibuses were the RAF-10, UAZ-451B, and Start.[6] Since September 1961, the RAF-977D "Latvia" minibus began to be mass-produced.[7]
Regional variants
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". There are many different form of public transportation services around the world that are provided by using vehicles that can be considered as minibus:
- Microbus in Guatemala
- Angkot in Indonesia
- Bas Mini in Malaysia
- Chiva bus in Colombia and Ecuador
- Colectivo in southern South America
- Community bus (Japanese コミュニティバス komiunitibasu) in Japan (Include minibus and midibus)
- Dala dala in Tanzania
- Dollar van a.k.a. jitneys, in the United States.
- Script error: No such module "Lang". in Turkey
- Modern Jeepney in the Philippines
- Maeul-bus (Korean 마을버스) in South Korea
- Marshrutka in eastern Europe.
- Matatu around Kenya
- Minibus taxi in South Africa, Ethiopia, see also Taxi wars in South Africa
- Pesero, minibuses operating as regular buses in Mexico, especially in Mexico City.
- Public light buses, in Hong Kong.
- Sherut in Israel
- Songthaew around Thailand and Lao
- Tap tap in Haiti
- Tro tro around Ghana
- Weyala in Ethiopia
Driving licence
Some countries may require an additional class of driving licence over a normal private car licence, and some may require a full commercial driving licence. The need for such a licence may depend on:
- Vehicle weight or size
- Seating capacity
- Driver age
- Intended usage
- Additional training (such as the Minibus Driver Awareness Scheme in the UK)
In the UK: The holder of an ordinary car driving licence which was obtained prior to January 1997, once aged 21 years minimum, may drive a Minibus with a capacity of 16 passengers. Where the "ordinary car driving licence" is obtained after December 1996, they will have to take a separate test to drive a vehicle with a capacity of more than 8 passengers. However, there is an exemption for certain volunteer drivers, where the vehicle does not exceed 3500 kg GVW (or 4250 kg GVW if the vehicle is designed to be wheelchair accessible).
A driving licence issued in Ontario, Canada, for an equivalent of a UK class B or class B-auto driving licence (in the case of Ontario, a class G licence), allows its holder to drive vehicles with:
- 11 tonnes maximum authorized mass, including trailers with 4.6 tonnes MAM[8] 6 tonnes MAM in certain cases)
- passenger seating capacity of 9 or less
Anyone wanting to drive a vehicle in Ontario, with the same MAM limits as for class G vehicles, with fewer than 25, but at least 10, passenger seats, must obtain a bus licence. This will allow, for example, its holder to drive 12- and 15-passenger vans] that Transport Canada defines as large passenger vans.[9]
See also
References
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