Internet Stream Protocol: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Voice over Stream Protocol (ST) - early VOIP prototype - Lincoln Lab, signed by John Makhoul.jpg|thumb|right|Prototype telephone for the Internet Stream Protocol]] | [[File:Voice over Stream Protocol (ST) - early VOIP prototype - Lincoln Lab, signed by John Makhoul.jpg|thumb|right|Prototype telephone for the Internet Stream Protocol]] | ||
The '''Internet Stream Protocol''' ('''ST''') is a family of experimental protocols first defined in Internet Experiment Note IEN-119 in 1979,<ref>{{cite web|title=IEN-119: ST – A Proposed Internet Stream Protocol|author=James Forgie|url=https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien119.txt|year=1979}}</ref> and later substantially revised in RFC 1190 (ST-II) and RFC 1819 (ST2+).<ref>{{cite web | The '''Internet Stream Protocol''' ('''ST''') is a family of experimental protocols first defined in Internet Experiment Note IEN-119 in 1979,<ref name="IEN-119">{{cite web|title=IEN-119: ST – A Proposed Internet Stream Protocol|author=James Forgie|url=https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien119.txt|year=1979}}</ref> and later substantially revised in RFC 1190 (ST-II) and RFC 1819 (ST2+).<ref>{{cite web | ||
| title = ST, Internet Stream Protocol | | title = ST, Internet Stream Protocol | ||
| publisher = Network Sorcery, Inc. | | publisher = Network Sorcery, Inc. | ||
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ST arose as the transport protocol of the [[Network Voice Protocol]], a pioneering computer network protocol for transporting human speech over packetized communications networks, first implemented in December 1973 by Internet researcher [[Danny Cohen (engineer)|Danny Cohen]] of the [[Information Sciences Institute]] (ISI) as part of [[DARPA|ARPA]]'s Network Secure Communications (NSC) project.{{Ref RFC|741}} | ST arose as the transport protocol of the [[Network Voice Protocol]], a pioneering computer network protocol for transporting human speech over packetized communications networks, first implemented in December 1973 by Internet researcher [[Danny Cohen (engineer)|Danny Cohen]] of the [[Information Sciences Institute]] (ISI) as part of [[DARPA|ARPA]]'s Network Secure Communications (NSC) project.{{Ref RFC|741}} | ||
First specified in 1979, ST was envisioned as a connection-oriented complement to [[IPv4]], operating on the same level, but using a different header format from that used for IP datagrams. According to IEN-119, its concepts were formulated by Danny Cohen, Estil Hoversten, and James W. Forgie. The protocol was notable for introducing the concepts of [[packetized voice]] (as used by voice over IP), a [[talkspurt]] (a continuous segment of speech between silent intervals), and specified delay and drop-rate requirements for packet services. It was implemented in the [[Voice Funnel]]. | First specified in 1979, ST was envisioned as a connection-oriented complement to [[IPv4]], operating on the same level, but using a different header format from that used for IP datagrams. According to IEN-119,<ref name="IEN-119" /> its concepts were formulated by Danny Cohen, Estil Hoversten, and James W. Forgie. The protocol was notable for introducing the concepts of [[packetized voice]] (as used by voice over IP), a [[talkspurt]] (a continuous segment of speech between silent intervals), and specified delay and drop-rate requirements for packet services. It was implemented in the [[Voice Funnel]]. | ||
Its second version, known variously as ST-II or ST2, was drafted by Claudio Topolcic and others in 1987 and specified in 1990.<ref name="rfc1190" /> It was implemented in the [[Terrestrial Wideband Network]] and its successor, the [[Defense Simulation Internet]], where it was used extensively for distributed simulations and videoconferencing. This version later formed the core technology for transporting voice calls and other | Its second version, known variously as ST-II or ST2, was drafted by Claudio Topolcic and others in 1987 and specified in 1990.<ref name="rfc1190" /> It was implemented in the [[Terrestrial Wideband Network]] and its successor, the [[Defense Simulation Internet]], where it was used extensively for distributed simulations and videoconferencing. This version later formed the core technology for transporting voice calls and other real-time streams within Canada's [[Iris Digital Communications System]]. | ||
The final version of ST2, which was also known as ST2+, was drafted by the IETF ST2 Working group<ref>{{cite web|title=IETF ST2 Working Group (Concluded March, 1996)|url=http://www.ietf.org/wg/concluded/st2.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IETF ST2 Status Pages (Concluded)|url=http://tools.ietf.org/wg/st2/}}</ref> and published in 1995 as RFC 1819. | The final version of ST2, which was also known as ST2+, was drafted by the IETF ST2 Working group<ref>{{cite web|title=IETF ST2 Working Group (Concluded March, 1996)|url=http://www.ietf.org/wg/concluded/st2.html|access-date=2025-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IETF ST2 Status Pages (Concluded)|url=http://tools.ietf.org/wg/st2/|access-date=2025-08-13}}</ref> and published in 1995 as RFC 1819. | ||
ST2 distinguishes its own packets with an [[Internet Protocol]] version number 5, although it was never known as IPv5.<ref name="rfc1819" /> | ST2 distinguishes its own packets with an [[Internet Protocol]] version number 5, although it was never known as IPv5.<ref name="rfc1819" /> | ||
ST uses the same IP address structure and the same [[link layer]] protocol number ( | ST uses the same IP address structure and the same [[link layer]] protocol number ([[EtherType]] 0x800) as IP. | ||
In [[datagram]] mode, ST packets could be encapsulated with IP headers using [[List of IP protocol numbers|protocol number]] 5.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/ |title=Protocol Numbers | | In [[datagram]] mode, ST packets could be encapsulated with IP headers using [[List of IP protocol numbers|protocol number]] 5.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/ |title=Protocol Numbers |website=Iana.org |date= |access-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
* Cohen, D., "Specifications for the Network Voice Protocol", Technical Report ISI/RR-75-39, USC/Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA (Mar 1976). | * Cohen, D., [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA023506 "Specifications for the Network Voice Protocol"], Technical Report ISI/RR-75-39, USC/Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA (Mar 1976). | ||
* Cohen, D., "A Network Voice Protocol NVP-II" and "Sample NVP/ST Scenarios" (unpublished memorandums), USC/Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA (Apr 1981). | * Cohen, D., "A Network Voice Protocol NVP-II" and "Sample NVP/ST Scenarios" (unpublished memorandums), USC/Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA (Apr 1981). | ||
*Topolcic, C., Park, P., Draft of "Proposed Changes to the Experimental Internet Stream Protocol (ST)", BBN Laboratories, Cambridge, MA (Apr 1987). | * Topolcic, C., Park, P., Draft of "Proposed Changes to the Experimental Internet Stream Protocol (ST)", BBN Laboratories, Cambridge, MA (Apr 1987). | ||
[[Category:Internet Protocol]] | [[Category:Internet Protocol]] | ||
[[Category:Audio network protocols]] | [[Category:Audio network protocols]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:22, 13 August 2025
_-_early_VOIP_prototype_-_Lincoln_Lab,_signed_by_John_Makhoul.jpg){kind=link}
The Internet Stream Protocol (ST) is a family of experimental protocols first defined in Internet Experiment Note IEN-119 in 1979,[1] and later substantially revised in RFC 1190 (ST-II) and RFC 1819 (ST2+).[2]Template:Ref RFCTemplate:Ref RFC The protocol uses the version number 5 in the version field of the Internet Protocol header, but was never known as IPv5. The successor to IPv4 was thus named IPv6 to eliminate any possible confusion about the actual protocol in use.
History
The Internet Stream Protocol family was never introduced for public use, but many of the concepts available in ST are similar to later Asynchronous Transfer Mode protocols and can be found in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). They also presaged voice over IP.
ST arose as the transport protocol of the Network Voice Protocol, a pioneering computer network protocol for transporting human speech over packetized communications networks, first implemented in December 1973 by Internet researcher Danny Cohen of the Information Sciences Institute (ISI) as part of ARPA's Network Secure Communications (NSC) project.Template:Ref RFC
First specified in 1979, ST was envisioned as a connection-oriented complement to IPv4, operating on the same level, but using a different header format from that used for IP datagrams. According to IEN-119,[1] its concepts were formulated by Danny Cohen, Estil Hoversten, and James W. Forgie. The protocol was notable for introducing the concepts of packetized voice (as used by voice over IP), a talkspurt (a continuous segment of speech between silent intervals), and specified delay and drop-rate requirements for packet services. It was implemented in the Voice Funnel.
Its second version, known variously as ST-II or ST2, was drafted by Claudio Topolcic and others in 1987 and specified in 1990.[3] It was implemented in the Terrestrial Wideband Network and its successor, the Defense Simulation Internet, where it was used extensively for distributed simulations and videoconferencing. This version later formed the core technology for transporting voice calls and other real-time streams within Canada's Iris Digital Communications System.
The final version of ST2, which was also known as ST2+, was drafted by the IETF ST2 Working group[4][5] and published in 1995 as RFC 1819. ST2 distinguishes its own packets with an Internet Protocol version number 5, although it was never known as IPv5.[6]
ST uses the same IP address structure and the same link layer protocol number (EtherType 0x800) as IP.
In datagram mode, ST packets could be encapsulated with IP headers using protocol number 5.[7]
References
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Bibliography
- Cohen, D., "Specifications for the Network Voice Protocol", Technical Report ISI/RR-75-39, USC/Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA (Mar 1976).
- Cohen, D., "A Network Voice Protocol NVP-II" and "Sample NVP/ST Scenarios" (unpublished memorandums), USC/Information Sciences Institute, Marina del Rey, CA (Apr 1981).
- Topolcic, C., Park, P., Draft of "Proposed Changes to the Experimental Internet Stream Protocol (ST)", BBN Laboratories, Cambridge, MA (Apr 1987).