Carloman II: Difference between revisions
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'''Carloman II''' ({{circa}} 866 – 6 December 884) was the King of [[West Francia]] (future [[France]]) from 879 until his death. A member of the [[ | '''Carloman II''' ({{circa}} 866 – 6 December 884) was the King of [[West Francia]] (future [[France]]) from 879 until his death. A member of the [[Carolingians]], he and his elder brother [[Louis III of France|Louis III]], divided the kingdom between themselves and ruled jointly until the latter's death in 882. Thereafter Carloman ruled alone until his own death. He was the second son of King [[Louis the Stammerer]] and Queen [[Ansgarde of Burgundy|Ansgarde]]. | ||
==Early life== | |||
[[File:Denier sous Carloman II.jpg|right|thumb|265px|A ''[[denarius]]'' of Carloman II]] | [[File:Denier sous Carloman II.jpg|right|thumb|265px|A ''[[denarius]]'' of Carloman II]] | ||
Carloman II was born around 866 as the second son of King Louis II the Stammerer and [[Ansgarde of Burgundy]]. His grandfather was [[Charles the Bald]], himself a grandson of [[Charlemagne]], placing him firmly within the prestigious Carolingian dynasty. Carloman and his older brother Louis were born while their father was still King of Aquitaine, before Louis the Stammerer ascended to the throne of West Francia. | Carloman II was born around 866 as the second son of King Louis II the Stammerer and [[Ansgarde of Burgundy]]. His grandfather was [[Charles the Bald]], himself a grandson of [[Charlemagne]], placing him firmly within the prestigious Carolingian dynasty. Carloman and his older brother Louis were born while their father was still King of Aquitaine, before Louis the Stammerer ascended to the throne of West Francia. | ||
==Succession to the throne== | ==Succession to the throne== | ||
[[File:Sacre Carloman2+Boso.jpg|thumb|left|265px|The coronation of Carloman (left) and his elder brother, who is shown seated higher and crowned by two bishops]] | |||
Upon Louis the Stammerer's death, some Frankish nobles advocated electing Louis III as the sole king, but eventually both brothers were elected kings. They were both crowned in September 879.<ref name="McKitterick 1995">{{cite book | last=McKitterick | first=Rosamond | author-link=Rosamond McKitterick | title=The New Cambridge Medieval History | publisher=Cambridge University Press | publication-place=Cambridge | date=1995 | isbn=978-0-521-36292-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEaSdNBL0sgC&pg=PA137 | pages = | Upon Louis the Stammerer's death, some Frankish nobles advocated electing Louis III as the sole king, but eventually both brothers were elected kings. They were both crowned in September 879.<ref name="McKitterick 1995">{{cite book | last=McKitterick | first=Rosamond | author-link=Rosamond McKitterick | title=The New Cambridge Medieval History | publisher=Cambridge University Press | publication-place=Cambridge | date=1995 | isbn=978-0-521-36292-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEaSdNBL0sgC&pg=PA137 | pages = 133–137 }}</ref> Some doubts were cast upon the legitimacy of their birth,<ref name=":0">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Carloman (Frankish princes)|display=Carloman s.v. Carloman (d. 884)|volume=5|page=343}}</ref> but these disappeared after their victory over the [[Vikings]] on November of that year.<ref name="McKitterick 1995"/> In March 880, the brothers divided their father's realm at [[Amiens]], Carloman receiving the southern kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]] and [[Kingdom of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]].<ref name=":0"/> | ||
==Military Campaigns== | ==Military Campaigns== | ||
[[File:Carolingian empire 881.svg|thumb|right|265px|The realm of Carloman II after the division of the Carolingian Empire in March 880 is shown in red]] | |||
===Against Boso of Provence=== | ===Against Boso of Provence=== | ||
[[File:Charles Auguste Guillaume Henri François Louis de Steuben - Louis III (vers 863-882) et Carloman (vers 866-884).jpg|thumb|left|265px|Artistic representation of Louis III & Carloman II, as part of a large collection of commissioned paintings by [[Louis Philippe I]] of all the French monarchs. <br />([[Charles de Steuben|Charles Auguste Steuben]], ca. 1837).]] | |||
One of the first major challenges faced by the young kings was the rebellion of Duke Boso of Provence, who had renounced his allegiance to both brothers and had himself elected King of Provence in October 879. In 880, Carloman and Louis III marched against Boso and successfully captured the northern parts of his realm.<ref name="McKitterick 1995"/> | One of the first major challenges faced by the young kings was the rebellion of Duke Boso of Provence, who had renounced his allegiance to both brothers and had himself elected King of Provence in October 879. In 880, Carloman and Louis III marched against Boso and successfully captured the northern parts of his realm.<ref name="McKitterick 1995"/> | ||
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Like many rulers of this era, Carloman II spent much of his reign defending his territories against Viking raiders. Following the [[Battle of Thimeon]] near Charleroi in February 880, where the Vikings had been defeated by Louis the Younger of East Francia, the raiders resumed their attacks on West Francia.<ref>McKitterick, Rosamond (1995). The Carolingians and the Written Word</ref> | Like many rulers of this era, Carloman II spent much of his reign defending his territories against Viking raiders. Following the [[Battle of Thimeon]] near Charleroi in February 880, where the Vikings had been defeated by Louis the Younger of East Francia, the raiders resumed their attacks on West Francia.<ref>McKitterick, Rosamond (1995). The Carolingians and the Written Word</ref> | ||
After taking [[Kortrijk]] in November 880, the Vikings raided [[Arras]] and [[Cambrai]] in December, and later in 881, they sacked [[Amiens]] and Corbie. On August 3, 881, Carloman and his brother Louis III achieved a significant victory against the Vikings at the [[Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu]]. <ref>[[Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu]]</ref> | After taking [[Kortrijk]] in November 880, the Vikings raided [[Arras]] and [[Cambrai]] in December, and later in 881, they sacked [[Amiens]] and Corbie. On August 3, 881, Carloman and his brother Louis III achieved a significant victory against the Vikings at the [[Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu]].<ref>[[Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu]]</ref> | ||
==Sole Rule== | ==Sole Rule== | ||
When Louis III died unexpectedly in August 882 at the young age of 19, Carloman became the sole ruler of West Francia. | When Louis III died unexpectedly in August 882 at the young age of 19, Carloman became the sole ruler of West Francia. | ||
The kingdom Carloman inherited was in a deplorable condition, partly due to repeated incursions from Viking raiders. His power was significantly limited by rebellious nobles, especially in Burgundy. Despite these challenges, Carloman continued to defend his territories and maintain the governance structures established by his Carolingian predecessors. <ref>Marios Costambeys, Matthew Innes, & Simon MacLean | The kingdom Carloman inherited was in a deplorable condition, partly due to repeated incursions from Viking raiders. His power was significantly limited by rebellious nobles, especially in Burgundy. Despite these challenges, Carloman continued to defend his territories and maintain the governance structures established by his Carolingian predecessors.<ref>Marios Costambeys, Matthew Innes, & Simon MacLean | ||
The Carolingian World (2011)</ref> | The Carolingian World (2011)</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
{{refbegin|30em}} | {{refbegin|30em}} | ||
* {{Cite book|last=Goldberg|first=Eric J.|title=Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817-876|year=2006|location=Ithaca, NY|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3890-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyiTg0wgl58C}} | * {{Cite book|last=Goldberg|first=Eric J.|title=Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817-876|year=2006|location=Ithaca, NY|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3890-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyiTg0wgl58C}} | ||
* {{Cite journal|last=MacLean|first=Simon|title=The Carolingian response to the revolt of Boso, 879–887|journal=French Historical Studies|year=2001|volume=10|number=1|pages=21–48|doi=10.1111/1468-0254.00078 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-0254.00078}} | |||
* {{Cite book|last=MacLean|first=Simon|title=Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire|year=2003|location=New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Icl9qL3FnMC}} | |||
* {{Cite book|last=McKitterick|first=Rosamond|author-link=Rosamond McKitterick|title=The Frankish Kingdoms Under the Carolingians, 751-987|year=1983|location=Harlow|publisher=Longman|isbn=978-0-582-49005-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wtNnAAAAMAAJ}} | * {{Cite book|last=McKitterick|first=Rosamond|author-link=Rosamond McKitterick|title=The Frankish Kingdoms Under the Carolingians, 751-987|year=1983|location=Harlow|publisher=Longman|isbn=978-0-582-49005-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wtNnAAAAMAAJ}} | ||
* {{Cite book|last=McKitterick|first=Rosamond|author-link=Rosamond McKitterick|title=Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity|year=2008|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-47285-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxb8kR4hvbQC}} | * {{Cite book|last=McKitterick|first=Rosamond|author-link=Rosamond McKitterick|title=Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity|year=2008|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-47285-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxb8kR4hvbQC}} | ||
* {{Cite book|last=Reuter|first=Timothy|author-link=Timothy Reuter|title=Germany in the Early Middle Ages c. 800–1056|year=2013|orig-year=1991|location=London and New York|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfvJAwAAQBAJ}} | * {{Cite book|last=Reuter|first=Timothy|author-link=Timothy Reuter|title=Germany in the Early Middle Ages c. 800–1056|year=2013|orig-year=1991|location=London and New York|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfvJAwAAQBAJ}} | ||
* {{Cite book|last=Reuter|first=Timothy|author-link=Timothy Reuter|title=Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities|year=2006|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGsN0Xbo-ZoC}} | * {{Cite book|last=Reuter|first=Timothy|author-link=Timothy Reuter|title=Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities|year=2006|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGsN0Xbo-ZoC}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:20, 12 November 2025
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Carloman II (Template:Circa 866 – 6 December 884) was the King of West Francia (future France) from 879 until his death. A member of the Carolingians, he and his elder brother Louis III, divided the kingdom between themselves and ruled jointly until the latter's death in 882. Thereafter Carloman ruled alone until his own death. He was the second son of King Louis the Stammerer and Queen Ansgarde.
Early life
Carloman II was born around 866 as the second son of King Louis II the Stammerer and Ansgarde of Burgundy. His grandfather was Charles the Bald, himself a grandson of Charlemagne, placing him firmly within the prestigious Carolingian dynasty. Carloman and his older brother Louis were born while their father was still King of Aquitaine, before Louis the Stammerer ascended to the throne of West Francia.
Succession to the throne
Upon Louis the Stammerer's death, some Frankish nobles advocated electing Louis III as the sole king, but eventually both brothers were elected kings. They were both crowned in September 879.[1] Some doubts were cast upon the legitimacy of their birth,[2] but these disappeared after their victory over the Vikings on November of that year.[1] In March 880, the brothers divided their father's realm at Amiens, Carloman receiving the southern kingdoms of Burgundy and Aquitaine.[2]
Military Campaigns
Against Boso of Provence
_et_Carloman_(vers_866-884).jpg){kind=link}
(Charles Auguste Steuben, ca. 1837).
One of the first major challenges faced by the young kings was the rebellion of Duke Boso of Provence, who had renounced his allegiance to both brothers and had himself elected King of Provence in October 879. In 880, Carloman and Louis III marched against Boso and successfully captured the northern parts of his realm.[1] They initiated a siege of Vienne, Boso's stronghold, which would last for two years. While Boso fled to the hills, the brothers maintained the siege, though they were unable to capture the city immediately. The city was finally taken in 882 by Richard, Duke of Burgundy, after Carloman and Louis had received assistance from their cousin Charles the Fat, who ruled East Francia and the Kingdom of Italy.[1]
Against the Vikings
Like many rulers of this era, Carloman II spent much of his reign defending his territories against Viking raiders. Following the Battle of Thimeon near Charleroi in February 880, where the Vikings had been defeated by Louis the Younger of East Francia, the raiders resumed their attacks on West Francia.[3]
After taking Kortrijk in November 880, the Vikings raided Arras and Cambrai in December, and later in 881, they sacked Amiens and Corbie. On August 3, 881, Carloman and his brother Louis III achieved a significant victory against the Vikings at the Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu.[4]
Sole Rule
When Louis III died unexpectedly in August 882 at the young age of 19, Carloman became the sole ruler of West Francia.
The kingdom Carloman inherited was in a deplorable condition, partly due to repeated incursions from Viking raiders. His power was significantly limited by rebellious nobles, especially in Burgundy. Despite these challenges, Carloman continued to defend his territories and maintain the governance structures established by his Carolingian predecessors.[5]
Death
Carloman II died near Les Andelys while hunting on December 884. He was accidentally stabbed in the leg by his servant Bertoldus while they were attacked by a wild boar.[6] Carloman survived but died seven days later,[6] on 5–6 December.[7][8] He was only about 18 years old.[6] Some modern sources give his death date as 12 December,[2] but this is not corroborated by contemporary sources. Carloman's land were inherited by his cousin, the emperor Charles the Fat.
References
Sources
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- ↑ a b c Template:Cite EB1911
- ↑ McKitterick, Rosamond (1995). The Carolingians and the Written Word
- ↑ Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
- ↑ Marios Costambeys, Matthew Innes, & Simon MacLean The Carolingian World (2011)
- ↑ a b c Annales Vedastini. Anno DCCCLXXXIIII.
- ↑ Obituaires de la province de Sens. Tome I, p. 351. "VIII id. [6 December] Ob. Karlomannus rex."
- ↑ Annales S. Benigni Divionensis 884. MGH V, p. 40. "Obiit Karlomannus rex Non. Decemb. [5 December]".