Nitaskinan: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
imported>Danachos mNo edit summary |
imported>Danachos mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{short description|Ancestral homeland of the Atikamekw people of southwestern Quebec, Canada}} | {{short description|Ancestral homeland of the Atikamekw people of southwestern Quebec, Canada}} | ||
{{coord|52|49|9.8|N|67|11|53.3|W|display=title}} | {{coord|52|49|9.8|N|67|11|53.3|W|display=title}} | ||
{{Infobox country | {{Infobox country | ||
|conventional_long_name = Nitaskinan | |conventional_long_name = Nitaskinan | ||
| Line 26: | Line 25: | ||
|event_post = | |event_post = | ||
|capital = | |capital = | ||
|common_languages = [[Canadian French|French]], [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw Nehiromowin]], [[English language|English]] | |common_languages = [[Canadian French|French]], [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw Nehiromowin]], [[Quebec Sign Language|LSQ]], [[English language|English]] | ||
|demonym = [[Atikamekw people|Atikamekw]] (nehirowisiwok, iriniwok) | |demonym = [[Atikamekw people|Atikamekw]] (nehirowisiwok, iriniwok) | ||
|legislature = | |legislature = | ||
| Line 51: | Line 50: | ||
|today = [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] | |today = [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Infobox ethnonym|people=[[Atikamekw | {{Infobox ethnonym|root=atikamekw / nehirowisiw<br/><small>"[[lake whitefish]]" / "Indigenous person"</small>|person=[[Atikamekw|Atikamekw Nehirowisiw]]|people=[[Atikamekw|Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok]]|language=[[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw Nehiromowin]]|country=Nitaskinan (Nehirowisi Aski)}} | ||
'''Nitaskinan''', also known as '''Nehirowisi Aski''' and '''Atikamekw Territory''', is the ancestral [[country]] of the [[Atikamekw]] people. It is located in the valley of the [[Saint-Maurice River]] in [[Quebec]], Canada. It covers an area of {{convert|80,000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Les Attikameks s'attaquent à l'indifférence de Québec |website=Le Devoir |date=9 September 2014 |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/quebec/417966/les-attikameks-s-attaquent-a-l-indifference-de-quebec |access-date=20 April 2017 |language=fr}}</ref> On 8 September 2014, the [[Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw]] declared unilaterally the sovereignty of the Atikamekw Nation on the Nistaskinan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Les Atikamekw déclarent leur souveraineté |website=Radio-Canada.ca |date=8 September 2014 |url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/683598/nation-atikamekw-declaration-souverainete-territoire |access-date=20 April 2017 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Caron |first=Jean-François |date=2016 |title=La declaration de souveraineté de la nation atikamekw : les méandres de l'octroi d'un titre aborigène |trans-title=The declaration of sovereignty of the Atikamekw Nation: the windings of granting an Aboriginal title |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/612923 |language=fr |journal=Canadian Ethnic Studies |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=141–160 |issn=0008-3496 |access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Couillard minimise la portée de la déclaration de souveraineté Atikamekw |website=Radio-Canada.ca |date=9 September 2014 |url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/683818/atikamekw-rencontre-premier-ministre-quebec |access-date=20 April 2017 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gagné |first=Louis |title=Les Atikamekws declarant leur souveraineté |website=TVA Nouvelles |date=8 September 2014 |url=http://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2014/09/08/les-atikamekws-declarent-leur-souverainete |access-date=20 April 2017 |language=fr}}</ref> The objective of this is mainly to obtain a right of review for the projects exploiting the natural resources and to highlight the Atikamekw's identity. "Nitaskinan" means "our (excl.) land" in the [[Atikamekw language]], where "Kitaskinan" means "our (inclusive) land," similar to other Cree languages' use of ''aski''. From a legal perspective, according to the Canadian ''[[Indian Act]]'', the Atikamekw have self-administration on three [[Indian reserve]]s, [[Manawan]], [[Obedjiwan, Quebec|Obedjiwan]] and [[Wemotaci]], but territory of Nitaskinan covers an area much wider. | '''Nitaskinan''', also known as '''Nehirowisi Aski''' and '''Atikamekw Territory''', is the ancestral [[country]] of the [[Atikamekw]] people. It is located in the valley of the [[Saint-Maurice River]] in [[Quebec]], Canada. It covers an area of {{convert|80,000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Les Attikameks s'attaquent à l'indifférence de Québec |website=Le Devoir |date=9 September 2014 |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/quebec/417966/les-attikameks-s-attaquent-a-l-indifference-de-quebec |access-date=20 April 2017 |language=fr}}</ref> On 8 September 2014, the [[Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw]] declared unilaterally the sovereignty of the Atikamekw Nation on the Nistaskinan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Les Atikamekw déclarent leur souveraineté |website=Radio-Canada.ca |date=8 September 2014 |url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/683598/nation-atikamekw-declaration-souverainete-territoire |access-date=20 April 2017 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Caron |first=Jean-François |date=2016 |title=La declaration de souveraineté de la nation atikamekw : les méandres de l'octroi d'un titre aborigène |trans-title=The declaration of sovereignty of the Atikamekw Nation: the windings of granting an Aboriginal title |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/612923 |language=fr |journal=Canadian Ethnic Studies |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=141–160 |issn=0008-3496 |access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Couillard minimise la portée de la déclaration de souveraineté Atikamekw |website=Radio-Canada.ca |date=9 September 2014 |url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/683818/atikamekw-rencontre-premier-ministre-quebec |access-date=20 April 2017 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gagné |first=Louis |title=Les Atikamekws declarant leur souveraineté |website=TVA Nouvelles |date=8 September 2014 |url=http://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2014/09/08/les-atikamekws-declarent-leur-souverainete |access-date=20 April 2017 |language=fr}}</ref> The objective of this is mainly to obtain a right of review for the projects exploiting the natural resources and to highlight the Atikamekw's identity. "Nitaskinan" means "our (excl.) land" in the [[Atikamekw language]], where "Kitaskinan" means "our (inclusive) land," similar to other Cree languages' use of ''aski''. From a legal perspective, according to the Canadian ''[[Indian Act]]'', the Atikamekw have self-administration on three [[Indian reserve]]s, [[Manawan]], [[Obedjiwan, Quebec|Obedjiwan]] and [[Wemotaci]], but territory of Nitaskinan covers an area much wider. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
'''''Nitaskinan''''' and '''''Nehirowisi Aski''''' mean "our land" and "Atikamekw Country," respectively, in [[Atikamekw language|Nehiromowin]]. Both centre the root ''aski'' ("land"), originating from [[Proto-Algonquian language|Proto-Algonquian]] *axskiy,<ref>{{cite web |title=axkyi |url=https://protoalgonquian.atlas-ling.ca/#!/results |website=Proto-Algonquian Online Dictionary |publisher=Algonquian Dictionaries Project |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> relating it to [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwemowin's]] ''aki'' and the ''Istchee'' in [[Eeyou Istchee]],{{NoteTag|({{IPA|/iːjoʊ̯ ɪst͡ʃi/}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-wJ5CzpVa8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/R-wJ5CzpVa8 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Video |website=www.youtube.com |date=20 December 2010 |access-date=2020-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> {{langx|crl|ᐄᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌ}} {{lang|crl-Latn|Iiyiyiu Aschii}} {{IPA|/ijɪjɪu əstʃi/}}, {{langx|crj|ᐄᔨᔫ ᐊᔅᒌ}} {{lang|crj-Latn|Iiyiyuu Aschii}} {{IPA|/ijɪju əstʃi/}} <small>or</small> {{lang|crj|ᐄᓅ ᐊᔅᒌ}} {{lang|crj-Latn|Iinuu Aschii}} {{IPA|/inu əstʃi/}}, all meaning 'The People's Land';<ref>{{cite web | title=Eastern James Bay Cree Dictionary on the Web: Words | website=Eastern James Bay Cree Dictionary on the Web | date=2018-12-13 | url=http://dictionary.eastcree.org/Words/ | access-date=2020-09-30}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|iju istʃi|lang}})}} each meaning "land" as well. | '''''Nitaskinan''''' and '''''Nehirowisi Aski''''' mean "our land" and "Atikamekw Country," respectively, in [[Atikamekw language|Nehiromowin]]. Both centre the root ''aski'' ("land"), originating from [[Proto-Algonquian language|Proto-Algonquian]] *axskiy,<ref>{{cite web |title=axkyi |url=https://protoalgonquian.atlas-ling.ca/#!/results |website=Proto-Algonquian Online Dictionary |publisher=Algonquian Dictionaries Project |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> relating it to [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwemowin's]] ''aki'' and the ''Istchee'' in [[Eeyou Istchee]],{{NoteTag|({{IPA|/iːjoʊ̯ ɪst͡ʃi/}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-wJ5CzpVa8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/R-wJ5CzpVa8 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Video |website=www.youtube.com |date=20 December 2010 |access-date=2020-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> {{langx|crl|ᐄᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌ}} {{lang|crl-Latn|Iiyiyiu Aschii}} {{IPA|/ijɪjɪu əstʃi/}}, {{langx|crj|ᐄᔨᔫ ᐊᔅᒌ}} {{lang|crj-Latn|Iiyiyuu Aschii}} {{IPA|/ijɪju əstʃi/}} <small>or</small> {{lang|crj|ᐄᓅ ᐊᔅᒌ}} {{lang|crj-Latn|Iinuu Aschii}} {{IPA|/inu əstʃi/}}, all meaning 'The People's Land';<ref>{{cite web | title=Eastern James Bay Cree Dictionary on the Web: Words | website=Eastern James Bay Cree Dictionary on the Web | date=2018-12-13 | url=http://dictionary.eastcree.org/Words/ | access-date=2020-09-30}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|iju istʃi|lang}})}} each meaning "land" as well. | ||
The name "Atikamekw" is derived from ''[[wiktionary:atikamekw|atikamekw]]'', which means "[[lake whitefish]]" in Nehiromowin. In the language, the words ''[[:fr:wikt:nehirowisiw|nehirowisiwok]]'' and ''[[:fr:wikt:iriniw|iriniwok]]'' are also used, both meaning "[Atikamekw] people". The latter has its roots in Proto-Algonquian ''[[:fr:wikt:Reconstruction:proto-algonquien/*elenyiwa|*elenyiwa]]'' ("human"); the former derives from ''rowi'' ("action, movement"), with the prefix ''nehi-'' ("balance") and the suffix ''-siw'' ("human being"). Both have cognates in the likes of: ''nêhinawak'' ᓀᐦᐃᓇᐘᐠ and ''ininiwak'' ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ([[Swampy Cree]]), ''nīhithawak'' ᓃᐦᐃᖬᐘᐠ and ''ithiniwak'' ᐃᖨᓂᐘᐠ ([[Woods Cree]]), and ''[[wikt:nêhiyaw|nêhiyawak]]'' | The name "Atikamekw" is derived from ''[[wiktionary:atikamekw|atikamekw]]'', which means "[[lake whitefish]]" in Nehiromowin. In the language, the words ''[[:fr:wikt:nehirowisiw|nehirowisiwok]]'' and ''[[:fr:wikt:iriniw|iriniwok]]'' are also used, both meaning "[Atikamekw] people". The latter has its roots in Proto-Algonquian ''[[:fr:wikt:Reconstruction:proto-algonquien/*elenyiwa|*elenyiwa]]'' ("human"); the former derives from ''rowi'' ("action, movement"), with the prefix ''nehi-'' ("balance") and the suffix ''-siw'' ("human being"). Both have cognates in the likes of: ''nêhinawak'' ᓀᐦᐃᓇᐘᐠ and ''ininiwak'' ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ ([[Swampy Cree]]), ''nīhithawak'' ᓃᐦᐃᖬᐘᐠ and ''ithiniwak'' ᐃᖨᓂᐘᐠ ([[Woods Cree]]), and ''[[wikt:nêhiyaw|nêhiyawak]]'' ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐘᐠ and ''iyiniwak'' ᐃᔨᓂᐘᐠ ([[Plains Cree language|Plains Cree]]). | ||
''Nitaskinan'' means "our ([[clusivity|excl.]]) land". It is formed by attaching the prefix ''ni-'' ("I; we") and the suffix ''-(i)nan'' ("us, but not yours") to the root ''aski'', forming the [[possessive]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Le possessif des noms |url=https://www.atikamekw.atlas-ling.ca/grammaire/verbes/ |website=Dictionnaire atikamekw |publisher=Algonquian Dictionaries Project |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> This construction is seen in neighbouring [[Algonquian languages]] like Plains Cree,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okimāsis |first1=Jean L. |title=Cree Language of the Plains - nehiyawewin paskwāwi-pīkiskwēwin |publisher=University of Regina Press |isbn=978-0- 88977-550-3 |page=250 |url=https://ctl.uregina.ca/assets/creelanguageoftheplainstextbook.pdf |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> [[Anishinaabemowin]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Notes on Possessed Nouns |url=https://ojibwegrammar.langsci.wisc.edu/Grammar/pdfDocs/NounPossession.pdf |website=Ojibwe Grammar |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> and [[Innu language|Innu Aimun]]. Indeed, Innu use | ''Nitaskinan'' means "our ([[clusivity|excl.]]) land". It is formed by attaching the prefix ''ni-'' ("I; we") and the suffix ''-(i)nan'' ("us, but not yours") to the root ''aski'', forming the [[possessive]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Le possessif des noms |url=https://www.atikamekw.atlas-ling.ca/grammaire/verbes/ |website=Dictionnaire atikamekw |publisher=Algonquian Dictionaries Project |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> This construction is seen in neighbouring [[Algonquian languages]] like Plains Cree,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Okimāsis |first1=Jean L. |title=Cree Language of the Plains - nehiyawewin paskwāwi-pīkiskwēwin |publisher=University of Regina Press |isbn=978-0- 88977-550-3 |page=250 |url=https://ctl.uregina.ca/assets/creelanguageoftheplainstextbook.pdf |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> [[Anishinaabemowin]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Notes on Possessed Nouns |url=https://ojibwegrammar.langsci.wisc.edu/Grammar/pdfDocs/NounPossession.pdf |website=Ojibwe Grammar |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref> and [[Innu language|Innu Aimun]]. Indeed, Innu and [[Abenaki]] use similar constructions to refer to their homelands: [[Nitassinan]] and Ndakinna, respectively. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 71: | Line 70: | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{ | {{Indigenous countries of the Americas}} | ||
[[Category:Atikamekw]] | [[Category:Atikamekw]] | ||
[[Category:Geography of Quebec]] | [[Category:Geography of Quebec]] | ||
Revision as of 19:37, 23 October 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Infobox ethnonym
Nitaskinan, also known as Nehirowisi Aski and Atikamekw Territory, is the ancestral country of the Atikamekw people. It is located in the valley of the Saint-Maurice River in Quebec, Canada. It covers an area of Script error: No such module "convert"..[1] On 8 September 2014, the Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw declared unilaterally the sovereignty of the Atikamekw Nation on the Nistaskinan.[2][3][4][5] The objective of this is mainly to obtain a right of review for the projects exploiting the natural resources and to highlight the Atikamekw's identity. "Nitaskinan" means "our (excl.) land" in the Atikamekw language, where "Kitaskinan" means "our (inclusive) land," similar to other Cree languages' use of aski. From a legal perspective, according to the Canadian Indian Act, the Atikamekw have self-administration on three Indian reserves, Manawan, Obedjiwan and Wemotaci, but territory of Nitaskinan covers an area much wider.
Etymology
Nitaskinan and Nehirowisi Aski mean "our land" and "Atikamekw Country," respectively, in Nehiromowin. Both centre the root aski ("land"), originating from Proto-Algonquian *axskiy,[6] relating it to Ojibwemowin's aki and the Istchee in Eeyou Istchee,Template:NoteTag each meaning "land" as well.
The name "Atikamekw" is derived from atikamekw, which means "lake whitefish" in Nehiromowin. In the language, the words nehirowisiwok and iriniwok are also used, both meaning "[Atikamekw] people". The latter has its roots in Proto-Algonquian *elenyiwa ("human"); the former derives from rowi ("action, movement"), with the prefix nehi- ("balance") and the suffix -siw ("human being"). Both have cognates in the likes of: nêhinawak ᓀᐦᐃᓇᐘᐠ and ininiwak ᐃᓂᓂᐘᐠ (Swampy Cree), nīhithawak ᓃᐦᐃᖬᐘᐠ and ithiniwak ᐃᖨᓂᐘᐠ (Woods Cree), and nêhiyawak ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐘᐠ and iyiniwak ᐃᔨᓂᐘᐠ (Plains Cree).
Nitaskinan means "our (excl.) land". It is formed by attaching the prefix ni- ("I; we") and the suffix -(i)nan ("us, but not yours") to the root aski, forming the possessive.[7] This construction is seen in neighbouring Algonquian languages like Plains Cree,[8] Anishinaabemowin,[9] and Innu Aimun. Indeed, Innu and Abenaki use similar constructions to refer to their homelands: Nitassinan and Ndakinna, respectively.
See also
Notes
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".