Foreign relations of Peru: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 05:58, 5 November 2025

Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists

The foreign relations of Peru are managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. is an important first-tier state in South America,^[1] Peru has been a member of the United Nations since 1945,^[2] and Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as UN Secretary General from 1981 to 1991. Former President Alberto Fujimori's tainted re-election to a third term in June 2000 strained Peru's relations with the United States and with many Latin American and European countries, but relations improved with the installation of an interim government in November 2000 and the inauguration of Alejandro Toledo in July 2001.

Peru is planning full integration into the Andean Free Trade Area. In addition, Peru is a standing member of APEC and the World Trade Organization, and is an active participant in negotiations toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Peru maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Peru.svg
#	Country	Date
1	Template:Country data Colombia	Template:Dts^[3]
2	Template:Country data Argentina	Template:DTS^[4]
3	Template:Country data Chile	Template:Dts^[5]
—	Template:Country data Mexico (suspended)^[6]	Template:Dts^[7]
4	Template:Country data United Kingdom	Template:Dts^[8]
5	Template:Country data Bolivia	Template:Dts^[9]
6	Template:Country data Brazil	Template:Dts^[10]
7	Template:Country data United States	Template:Dts^[11]
8	Template:Country data Ecuador	Template:Dts^[12]
—	Template:Country data Venezuela (suspended)^[13]	Template:Dts^[14]
9	Template:Country data Belgium	Template:Dts^[15]
10	Template:Country data Costa Rica	Template:Dts^[16]
11	Template:Country data Portugal	Template:Dts^[17]
12	Template:Country data Honduras	Template:Dts^[18]
13	Template:Country data Guatemala	Template:Dts^[19]
14	Template:Country data El Salvador	Template:Dts^[20]
15	Template:Country data Nicaragua	Template:Dts^[21]
16	Template:Country data Paraguay	Template:Dts^[22]
17	Template:Country data France	Template:Dts^[23]
18	Template:Country data Uruguay	Template:Dts^[24]
19	Template:Country data Italy	Template:Dts^[25]
20	Template:Country data Netherlands	Template:Dts^[26]
21	Template:Country data Japan	Template:Dts^[27]
22	Template:Country data Dominican Republic	Template:Dts^[28]
—	Template:Country data Holy See	Template:Dts^[29]
23	Template:Country data Spain	Template:Dts^[30]
24	Template:Country data Switzerland	Template:Dts^[31]
25	Template:Country data Panama	Template:Dts^[32]
26	Template:Country data Cuba	Template:Dts^[33]
27	Template:Country data Denmark	Template:Dts^[34]^[35]
28	Template:Country data Czech Republic	Template:Dts^[36]
29	Template:Country data Austria	Template:Dts^[37]
30	Template:Country data Norway	Template:Dts^[38]
31	Template:Country data Poland	Template:Dts^[39]
32	Template:Country data Haiti	Template:Dts^[40]
33	Template:Country data Sweden	Template:Dts^[41]
34	Template:Country data Romania	Template:Dts^[42]
35	Template:Country data Canada	Template:Dts^[43]
36	Template:Country data Lebanon	Template:Dts^[44]
37	Template:Country data Turkey	Template:Dts^[45]^[46]
38	Template:Country data Germany	Template:Dts^[47]
—	Template:Country data Sovereign Military Order of Malta	Template:Dts^[48]
39	Template:Country data Israel	Template:Dts^[49]
40	Template:Country data Luxembourg	Template:Dts^[50]
41	Template:Country data Australia	Template:Dts^[51]
42	Template:Country data India	Template:Dts^[52]
43	Template:Country data Finland	Template:Dts^[53]
44	Template:Country data South Korea	Template:Dts^[54]
45	Template:Country data Egypt	Template:Dts^[55]
46	Template:Country data Morocco	Template:Dts^[56]
47	Template:Country data Ivory Coast	Template:Dts^[57]
48	Template:Country data Thailand	Template:Dts^[58]
49	Template:Country data Niger	Template:Dts^[59]
50	Template:Country data Greece	Template:Dts^[60]
51	Template:Country data Burkina Faso	Template:Dts^[61]
52	Template:Country data Cyprus	Template:Dts^[62]
53	Template:Country data Tunisia	Template:Dts^[63]
54	Template:Country data Ethiopia	Template:Dts^[64]
55	Template:Country data Iceland	Template:Dts^[65]
56	Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago	Template:Dts^[66]
57	Template:Country data Barbados	Template:Dts^[67]
58	Template:Country data Russia	Template:Dts^[68]
59	Template:Country data Hungary	Template:Dts^[69]
60	Template:Country data Bulgaria	Template:Dts^[70]
61	Template:Country data Serbia	Template:Dts^[71]
62	Template:Country data Jamaica	Template:Dts^[72]
63	Template:Country data Zambia	Template:Dts^[73]
64	Template:Country data Nigeria	Template:Dts^[74]
65	Template:Country data Guyana	Template:Dts^[75]
66	Template:Country data China	Template:Dts^[76]
67	Template:Country data Albania	Template:Dts^[77]
68	Template:Country data Algeria	Template:Dts^[78]
69	Template:Country data New Zealand	Template:Dts^[79]
70	Template:Country data Iran	Template:Dts^[80]
71	Template:Country data Libya	Template:Dts^[81]
72	Template:Country data Pakistan	Template:Dts^[82]
73	Template:Country data Philippines	Template:Dts^[83]
74	Template:Country data Guinea	Template:Dts^[84]
75	Template:Country data Sri Lanka	Template:Dts^[85]
76	Template:Country data Republic of the Congo	Template:Dts^[86]
77	Template:Country data Democratic Republic of the Congo	Template:Dts^[87]
78	Template:Country data Indonesia	Template:Dts^[88]
79	Template:Country data Tanzania	Template:Dts^[86]
80	Template:Country data Syria	Template:Dts^[89]
81	Template:Country data Kuwait	Template:Dts^[90]
82	Template:Country data Iraq	Template:Dts^[91]
83	Template:Country data Nepal	Template:Dts^[92]
84	Template:Country data Kenya	Template:Dts^[93]
85	Template:Country data Cambodia	Template:Dts^[94]
86	Template:Country data Malta	Template:Dts^[95]
87	Template:Country data Suriname	Template:Dts^[96]
88	Template:Country data Singapore	Template:Dts^[97]
89	Template:Country data Equatorial Guinea	Template:Dts^[98]
90	Template:Country data Bangladesh	Template:Dts^[99]
91	Template:Country data Grenada	Template:Dts^[100]^[101]
92	Template:Country data Papua New Guinea	Template:Dts^[102]
93	Template:Country data Kiribati	Template:Dts^[103]
94	Template:Country data Fiji	Template:Dts^[104]
95	Template:Country data Tonga	Template:Dts^[105]
96	Template:Country data Nauru	Template:Dts^[106]^[107]
97	Template:Country data Samoa	Template:Dts^[108]
98	Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda	Template:Dts^[109]
99	Template:Country data Angola	Template:Dts^[110]
100	Template:Country data Jordan	Template:Dts^[111]
101	Template:Country data Bahamas	Template:Dts^[112]
102	Template:Country data Saint Lucia	Template:Dts^[113]
103	Template:Country data Mozambique	Template:Dts^[114]
104	Template:Country data Dominica	Template:Dts^[115]
105	Template:Country data Saudi Arabia	Template:Dts^[116]
106	Template:Country data Malaysia	Template:Dts^[117]
107	Template:Country data Zimbabwe	Template:Dts^[118]
108	Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Template:Dts^[114]
109	Template:Country data Oman	Template:Dts^[114]
110	Template:Country data Vanuatu	Template:Dts^[114]
111	Template:Country data United Arab Emirates	Template:Dts^[119]
112	Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau	Template:Dts^[120]
—	Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (suspended)	Template:Dts^[121]
113	Template:Country data Ghana	Template:Dts^[114]
114	Template:Country data Cape Verde	Template:Dts^[122]
115	Template:Country data North Korea	Template:Dts^[123]
116	Template:Country data Maldives	Template:Dts^[114]
117	Template:Country data Myanmar	Template:Dts^[114]
118	Template:Country data Laos	Template:Dts^[114]
119	Template:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe	Template:Dts^[114]
120	Template:Country data Sierra Leone	Template:Dts^[114]
121	Template:Country data Eswatini	Template:Dts^[114]
122	Template:Country data Lesotho	Template:Dts^[114]
123	Template:Country data Qatar	Template:Dts^[124]
124	Template:Country data Brunei	Template:Dts^[125]
125	Template:Country data Mauritania	Template:Dts^[114]
126	Template:Country data Namibia	Template:Dts^[114]
127	Template:Country data Marshall Islands	Template:Dts^[126]
128	Template:Country data Belize	Template:Dts^[114]
129	Template:Country data Seychelles	Template:Dts^[114]
130	Template:Country data Federated States of Micronesia	Template:Dts^[114]
131	Template:Country data Ukraine	Template:Dts^[114]
132	Template:Country data Armenia	Template:Dts^[127]
133	Template:Country data Slovenia	Template:Dts^[128]
134	Template:Country data Slovakia	Template:Dts^[129]
135	Template:Country data Croatia	Template:Dts^[130]
136	Template:Country data South Africa	Template:Dts^[131]
137	Template:Country data Vietnam	Template:Dts^[114]
138	Template:Country data Estonia	Template:Dts^[132]
139	Template:Country data Moldova	Template:Dts^[133]
140	Template:Country data Azerbaijan	Template:Dts^[114]
141	Template:Country data Liechtenstein	Template:Dts^[134]
142	Template:Country data Latvia	Template:Dts^[114]
143	Template:Country data Kazakhstan	Template:Dts^[135]
144	Template:Country data Belarus	Template:Dts^[136]
145	Template:Country data Turkmenistan	Template:Dts^[137]
146	Template:Country data Mongolia	Template:Dts^[114]
147	Template:Country data Andorra	Template:Dts^[114]
148	Template:Country data Lithuania	Template:Dts^[114]
149	Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina	Template:Dts^[138]
150	Template:Country data Mali	Template:Dts^[139]
151	Template:Country data Ireland	Template:Dts^[140]
152	Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan	Template:Dts^[114]
153	Template:Country data Uzbekistan	Template:Dts^[114]
154	Template:Country data Tajikistan	Template:Dts^[114]
155	Template:Country data Timor-Leste	Template:Dts^[141]
156	Template:Country data North Macedonia	Template:Dts^[114]
157	Template:Country data San Marino	Template:Dts^[142]
158	Template:Country data Montenegro	Template:Dts^[143]
159	Template:Country data Bahrain	Template:Dts^[114]
160	Template:Country data Georgia	Template:Dts^[114]
161	Template:Country data Monaco	Template:Dts^[144]
—	Template:Country data State of Palestine	Template:Dts^[145]
162	Template:Country data Solomon Islands	Template:Dts^[114]
163	Template:Country data Tuvalu	Template:Dts^[114]
164	Template:Country data Afghanistan	Template:Dts^[146]
165	Template:Country data Sudan	Template:Dts^[147]
—	Template:Country data Cook Islands	Template:Dts^[148]
166	Template:Country data Benin	Template:Dts^[149]
167	Template:Country data Senegal	Template:Dts^[150]
168	Template:Country data Rwanda	Template:Dts^[151]
169	Template:Country data Togo	Template:Dts^[152]
170	Template:Country data Djibouti	Template:Dts^[153]
171	Template:Country data Palau	Template:Dts^[154]
—	Template:Country data Niue	Template:Dts^[155]
172	Template:Country data Uganda	Template:Dts^[114]
173	Template:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis	Template:Dts^[156]
174	Template:Country data Gabon	Template:Dts^[157]
175	Template:Country data Cameroon	Unknown
176	Template:Country data Malawi	Unknown^[158]
177	Template:Country data Mauritius	Unknown^[158]

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Country data Algeria	10 March 1972	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1972^[159] Algeria has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Algiers.
Template:Country data Angola	6 September 1985	Angola and Peru established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1985^[161] Angola is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160]
Template:Country data Burkina Faso	March 1966	Burkina Faso is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Washington, D.C. Burkina Faso is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160]
Template:Flagdeco Congo-Brazzaville	12 July 1975	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1975^[86] The Republic of the Congo is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160]
Template:Country data Egypt	7 October 1963	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1963.^[162]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Egypt has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Cairo. The Peruvian ambassador in Cairo is accredited to neighbouring countries in the Levant.
Template:Country data Ghana	23 June 1987	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1987^[163] Ghana is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Accra.
Template:Country data Kenya	25 February 1976	Peru formerly had an embassy from 1987 to 1990. The embassy in Nairobi was re-opened in 2023.^[164] Kenya is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil. Peru has an embassy in Nairobi.
Template:Country data Libya	28 April 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1974.^[165]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Libya is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160] Peru was accredited to Libya from its embassy in Algiers, and was also the first country to sever relations with Libya before the civil war.
Template:Country data Morocco	18 June 1964	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1964^[166]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Morocco has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Rabat. From 1973 to 1986, the ambassador in Madrid was accredited to Rabat.
Template:Country data Namibia	11 July 1990	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 1990^[167] Peru established relations with SWAPO, preceding Namibian independence.^[168] Namibia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160]
Template:Country data Nigeria	5 July 1971	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1971^[169] Nigeria is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.^[160]
Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	5 May 1987, broken 9 September 1996 8 September 2021, broken 18 August 2022 15 September 2022, broken 8 September 2023^[170]	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The SADR has an embassy in Lima. Peru established formal relations with the SADR on 5 May 1987,^[171] under Alan García, but recognition existed since 16 August 1984. Said relations expired on 9 September 1996, with Peru taking a neutral part in the Western Sahara conflict.^[172]^[173]^[174] On September 8, 2021, Peru and the SADR re-established their bilateral relations,^[175] but the former again severed them on August 16, 2022,^[176] renovating them one month later.^[177]
Template:Country data South Africa	28 July 1993	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 July 1993^[178]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Pretoria. A Consulate was also maintained in Cape Town which closed in 1985.^[179] South Africa is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago.^[160]
Template:Country data Sudan	October 7, 1988	Sudan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160]
Template:Country data Tanzania	12 August 1975	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1975^[86] Tanzania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160]
Template:Country data Tunisia	September 1966	Peru is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Algiers. Tunisia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.^[160]
Template:Country data Zambia	5 October 1970	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1970^[180] Peru is accredited to Zambia from its embassy in Pretoria. It previously maintained an embassy in Lusaka until 1990.^[181] Zambia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160]
Template:Country data Zimbabwe	March 1986	Peru is accredited to Zimbabwe from its embassy in Pretoria. It previously maintained an embassy in Harare until 1990.^[181] Zimbabwe is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160]

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Country data Argentina	10 July 1822	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Argentina has an embassy in Lima.^[182]^[160] Peru has an embassy in Buenos Aires and consulates-general in Córdoba, La Plata and Mendoza.^[183] Both countries are full members of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, Rio Group, and the Union of South American Nations.
Template:Country data Bolivia	24 June 1826	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1826^[184]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Bolivia has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in La Paz.
Template:Country data Brazil	3 February 1827	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 February 1827.^[185]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Brazil has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Brasília.
Template:Country data Canada	30 January 1944	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1944^[186]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Canada has an embassy in Lima.^[160]^[187] Peru has an embassy in Ottawa and 3 consulates-general (in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver).^[188] Both countries are full members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, of the Cairns Group and of the Organization of American States. The Canadian government announced in February 2009 that it was adding Peru to its list of preferred countries to receive foreign aid. This list includes 18 countries and the West Bank and Caribbean.^[189]
Template:Country data Chile	8 October 1822	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1822^[190]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In November 1999, Peru and Chile signed three agreements which put to rest the remaining obstacles holding up implementation of the 1929 Treaty of Lima, which officially ended the 1879 War of the Pacific. In December 1999, President Alberto Fujimori made the first visit ever to Chile by a Peruvian head of state. Relations between the two nations have since mostly recovered. In 2005, the Peruvian Congress unilaterally approved a law which increased the stated sea limit with Chile. This law superseded the Peruvian supreme decree 781 for same purpose from 1947, which had autolimited its maritime border to geographical parallels only. Peru's position was that the border has never been fully demarcated, but Chile disagreed reminding on treaties in 1952 and 1954 between the countries, which supposedly defined seaborder. The border problem has still not been solved. However, Chile's Michelle Bachelet and Peru's Alan García have established a positive diplomatic relationship, and it is very unlikely any hostilities will break out because of the dispute. Nevertheless, in early April 2007, Peruvian nationalistic sectors, mainly represented by left wing ex-presidential candidate Ollanta Humala decided to congregate at 'hito uno' right at the border with Chile, in a symbolic attempt to claim sovereignty over a maritime area known in Peru as Mar de Grau (Grau's Sea) just west of the Chilean city of Arica. Peruvian police stopped a group of nearly 2,000 people just 10 km from the border, preventing them from reaching their intended destination. Despite these incidents, the presidents of both Chile and Peru have confirmed their intentions to improve the relationships between the two countries, mainly fueled by the huge amount of commercial exchange between both countries' private sectors. Chile has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Santiago.
Template:Country data Colombia	6 July 1822	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1822.^[191]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Colombia has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Bogotá.
Template:Country data Costa Rica	28 April 1851	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1851^[192] Costa Rica has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in San José.
Template:Country data Cuba	11 January 1905	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1905.^[193]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru had relations with Cuba prior to 1972, but broke them off in the 1960s. Cuba has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Havana.
Template:Country data Dominican Republic	6 April 1874	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1874^[194]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Dominican Republic has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
Template:Country data Ecuador	26 September 1831	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1831^[195]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In October 1998, Peru and Ecuador signed a peace accord which definitively resolved border differences which had, over the years, resulted in armed conflict. Peru and Ecuador are now jointly coordinating an internationally sponsored border integration project. The United States Government, as one of four guarantor states, was actively involved in facilitating the 1998 peace accord between Peru and Ecuador and remains committed to its implementation. The United States has pledged $40 million to the Peru-Ecuador border integration project and another $4 million to support Peruvian and Ecuadorian demining efforts along their common border. In November 2009, Peru made an agreement with Ecuador in which Peru would export between 40 and 50 megawatts of electricity until April 2010 in order to help Ecuador with its energy crisis.^[196] Rafael Correa, Ecuador's president, expressed his gratitude to Peru for its generous aid during Ecuador's energy crisis.^[197] Ecuador has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Quito and a consulate in Guayaquil.
Template:Country data El Salvador	10 July 1857	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1857^[198]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". El Salvador has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in San Salvador.
Template:Country data Guatemala	20 April 1857	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 1857^[199] Guatemala has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Guatemala City.
Template:Country data Guyana	17 July 1971	Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1971^[200] Guyana is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.^[160] It also has an honorary consulate in Lima.^[201] Peru is accredited to Guyana from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. Both countries are full members of Organization of American States and Union of South American Nations. Vice President Carl Barrington Greenidge visited Lima in 2018.^[202]
Template:Country data Haiti	1929	Peru is accredited to Haiti from its embassy in Santo Domingo, and has an honorary consulate in Port-au-Prince. Its embassy in the Haitian capital closed a few days prior to the 1991 Haitian coup d'état.^[203] Haiti is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.^[160]
Template:Country data Honduras	5 August 1856	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Honduras has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Tegucigalpa.
Template:Country data Jamaica	29 April 1970	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970^[204] Jamaica has a consulate in Lima Jamaica is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.^[160]
Template:Country data Mexico	23 January 1823, (Relations severed in 3 November 2025)	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1823^[205]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru and Mexico have historically had a unique relationship solidly based on that they share two of the most significant ancient cultures in the Americas. Both countries have expressed solidarity over the need to defend the recovery of cultural and archaeological heritage in the form of artifacts that have been illegally stolen from Peru and Mexico and which are to this date, illegally or legitimately kept in foreign locations. Peru's President Alan García and Mexico's Felipe Calderón signed a joint declaration in April 2011 aimed at deepening the two countries' friendship, cooperation, integration, trade, investments and the permanent fight against poverty and organized crime. The two countries aim to achieve a new model of integration within Latin America, and to represent a positive, realistic, and active example of integration amongst two "brotherly" nations. On 3 November 2025, Peru break relations with mexico result after Betssy Chávez sought asylum inside the Mexican Embassy in Lima. Mexico has an embassy in Lima.^[160]^[206] Peru has an embassy in Mexico City.^[207] Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Pacific Alliance.
Template:Country data Nicaragua	28 June 1850	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Nicaragua has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Managua.
Template:Country data Panama	2 March 1908	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 1908^[208]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Panama has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Panama City.
Template:Country data Paraguay	5 February 1858	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1858^[209]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Paraguay has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Asunción.^[210] Both countries are full members of the Rio Group, Latin Union, Association of Spanish Language Academies, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and of the Union of South American Nations.^[211] Template:Usurped
Template:Country data Suriname	23 June 1978	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1978^[212] Peru is accredited to Suriname from its embassy in Caracas.^[160] Peruvian president Ollanta Humala visited Paramaribo in 2013.^[213]
Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago	5 February 1968	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1968^[214]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Port of Spain. Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.^[160]
Template:Country data United States	2 May 1826	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The U.S. maintains an embassy in Lima, Peru.^[160] There is a U.S. Consular Agency in Cuzco, and the USAID building is located in Lima.
Template:Country data Uruguay	13 November 1858	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Montevideo.^[215] Uruguay has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in Arequipa.^[160] Template:Usurped
Template:Country data Venezuela	17 February 1853, (Relations severed in 29 July 2024)	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In October 2021, the leftist government of Peru re-established diplomatic relations with the leftist Venezuelan government of President Nicolas Maduro after four years.^[216] Both embassies were closed after ties were cut off in July 2024.^[217]

Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Flagicon Afghanistan	27 September 2012	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012.^[218] Afghanistan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Washington, D.C. Peru is accredited to Afghanistan from its non-resident embassy in New Delhi. Peru has not recognized nor established relations with the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
Template:Country data Armenia	9 September 1992	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1992.^[219] Armenia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.^[160] Peru is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
Template:Country data Azerbaijan	25 June 1996	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1996^[220]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Azerbaijan has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Baku.
Template:Country data Bahrain	22 September 2009	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2009^[221] Bahrain is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
Template:Country data Bangladesh	28 February 1983	Bangladesh is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.^[160] Peru is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in Bangkok.
Template:Flagicon China	2 November 1971	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 November 1971^[222]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". File:Belt and Road Initiative participant map.svg Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the Belt and Road Initiative China has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Beijing and has consulates-general in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shanghai.
Template:Country data Taiwan	26 June 1874, broken 2 November 1971	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Taiwan has an Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Lima Peru has a Commercial Office in Taipei.
Template:Country data Georgia	14 January 2010	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 January 2010^[223] Georgia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160] Peru has an honorary consulate in Tbilisi.
Template:Country data India	25 March 1963	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1963^[224]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". India has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in New Delhi.
Template:Country data Indonesia	12 August 1975	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1975^[225]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Indonesia has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Jakarta.
Template:Country data Iran	20 November 1973	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1973^[226] Iran is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Quito.^[160] Peru is accredited to Iran from its non-resident embassy in New Delhi. Peru had an embassy in Tehran until 1978, serviced by its lone ambassador since 1977, César de la Fuente.^[227]^[228]^[229]^[230]
Template:Country data Iraq	11 October 1975 and 11 July 2012 renew diplomatic relations	Peru and Iraq agreed to renew their bilateral ties in 2012. Iraq is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.^[160]
Template:Country data Israel	20 August 1957	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Israel has an embassy in Lima. Peru has an embassy in Tel Aviv. Template:Usurped
Template:Country data Japan	21 August 1873	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1873.^[231]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Japan has an embassy in Lima.^[160]^[232] Peru has an embassy in Tokyo and a consulate-general in Nagoya.^[233]
Template:Country data Kazakhstan	6 February 1997	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 February 1997^[234]
Template:Country data Kuwait	1 December 1975	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1975^[235] Peru has an embassy in Kuwait City. Kuwait is accredited to Peru from Santiago, Chile.^[160]
Template:Country data Malaysia	24 April 1986	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1986^[236]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Malaysia has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur
Template:Country data Mongolia	30 May 1997	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1997^[237] Mongolia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Havana.^[160] Peru is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing.
Template:Country data Nepal	28 January 1976	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1976^[238] Nepal is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.^[160] Peru is accredited to Nepal from its embassy in India.
Template:Country data North Korea	15 December 1988	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1988^[239]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". North Korea has an embassy in Lima. Diplomatic relationships between both countries are suspended since 2017.
Template:Country data Palestine	30 April 2011	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru recognized Palestine on 24 January 2011.^[240] Palestine has an embassy in Lima.^[160]
Template:Country data Philippines	30 November 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1974^[241]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru is accredited to the Philippines from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.^[160] Philippines is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.^[160]
Template:Country data Qatar	7 November 1989	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". At an official level, both countries began diplomatic relations in 1989.^[242] Peru has an embassy in Doha. Qatar has an embassy in Lima.^[160]
Template:Country data Saudi Arabia	19 March 1986^[168]	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Riyadh. Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Lima.^[160]
Template:Country data Singapore	27 October 1980	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1980^[243] Singapore is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Singapore.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Singapore.
Template:Country data South Korea	1 April 1963	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1963^[244]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Seoul. South Korea has an embassy in Lima.^[160]
Template:Country data Thailand	10 November 1965	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1965.^[245]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Bangkok. Thailand has an embassy in Lima.
Template:Country data Turkey	1952^[246]	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul.^[246] Turkey has an embassy in Lima.^[160]^[246] Trade volume between the two countries was US$250 million in 2019 (Peruvian exports/imports: 72.6/177.4 million USD).^[246]
Template:Country data United Arab Emirates	17 June 1986	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has a consulate-general in Dubai. The UAE has an embassy in Lima.^[160]
Template:Country data Uzbekistan	22 December 1999	Peru and Uzbekistan established bilateral relations on 22 December 1999^[247]
Template:Country data Vietnam	14 November 1994	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1994^[248]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Hanoi. Vietnam is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.^[160]

Europe

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Country data Albania	6 December 1971	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1971^[249]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru and Albania established formal relations in 1971. Albania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.^[160] Peru is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens. Until its dissolution, Peru was accredited from its embassy in Yugoslavia.
Template:Country data Andorra	3 June 1997	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1997^[250]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Andorra does not hold an embassy in Peru. Peru is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
Template:Country data Austria	2 November 1949^[251]	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Austria has an embassy in Lima, and honorary consulates in Cuzco, Trujillo, Iquitos, and Arequipa.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Vienna, and consulates in Innsbruck and Salzburg.^[252]
Template:Country data Belarus	19 February 1997	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1997^[253] In 1999, Foreign Minister Sergei Martynov visited Peru.^[254] Belarus is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.^[160] Peru is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow.
Template:Country data Belgium	1 April 1852	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Belgium has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Brussels.
Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina	23 January 1998	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1998^[255]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Budapest.
Template:Country data Bulgaria	18 April 1969	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 April 1969^[256]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru closed its embassy in Sofia for economic reasons in 2003. Peru is accredited to Bulgaria from its embassy in Athens, Greece. Bulgaria is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.^[160]^[257] Template:Usurped
Template:Country data Croatia	12 January 1993	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1993^[258]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Croatia is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Santiago, Chile and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.^[160] Peru is accredited to Croatia through its embassy in Bucharest, Romania and maintains an honorary consulate in Zagreb. There are around 6,500 people of Croatian descent living in Peru. Most Croats arrived in Peru between the Interwar period. Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties with Peru Template:Webarchive
Template:Country data Cyprus	19 September 1966	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 1966.^[259]^[260] On October of the same year, relations were elevated to embassy level.^[261] Cyprus is represented in Peru through its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.^[160]^[262] Peru is accredited to Cyprus from it missions in Italy.
Template:Country data Czech Republic	11 July 1922, broken 4 October 1957, restored 27 December 1968 ( with Czech Republic from 2 January 1993)	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on 27 December 1968^[263] Peru first established relations with Czechoslovakia in 1922.^[264] Relations were broken in 1957 and the Peruvian Ambassador was recalled under the government of Manuel A. Odría. Czech Republic has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Prague.
Template:Flagdeco Denmark		Denmark is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.^[160] Peru is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden. It formerly had an embassy in Copenhagen until its closure in 2003.^[265]
Template:Country data Estonia	27 July 1995	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 1995^[266]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Estonia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Helsinki.^[160] Peruvian ambassadors to Estonia Peru is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in Helsinki. Estonian ambassadors to Peru Mart Tarmak: 2015–2021 Urmas Eigla: 2021–present^[267]
Template:Country data Finland	29 March 1963	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 1963^[268]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru recognized Finland on June 23, 1919. Peru has an embassy in Helsinki. Finland has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland about Peru Template:Webarchive
Template:Country data European Union	2000^[269]	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The European Union has a consulate in Lima.^[160] Peru has a section of its Ministry of Foreign Affairs dedicated to the European Union, as well as diplomatic relationships with its members.
Template:Country data France	1826	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". France has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Paris.
Template:Country data Germany	28 June 1951 (Federal Republic) 28 December 1972 – 1990 (Democratic Republic)	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1871.^[270]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Berlin and consulates-general in Hamburg, Munich and Offenbach. Germany has an embassy in Lima,^[160] and honorary consulates in Arequipa, Piura, Bagua, and Trujillo.^[252] Formal diplomatic relations between the two countries have existed since the 1828. Peru established relations with the North German Confederation before 23 September 1870, recognizing the German Empire as its successor in 1871 until relations were severed on 5 October 1917. Relations were resumed on 21 May 1920, then severed again on January 26, 1943. After World War II, relations were resumed with the Federal Republic of Germany on 28 June 1951. After the 1968 Peruvian coup d'état and the establishment of Juan Velasco Alvarado's Revolutionary Government, relations with the German Democratic Republic were also established on December 28, 1972.
Template:Country data Greece	3 December 1965	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 1965^[271] Greece has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Athens.
Template:Country data Hungary	16 April 1969	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 April 1969^[272] Peru has an embassy in Budapest. Hungary has an embassy in Lima.^[160]
Template:Country data Iceland	14 November 1967	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1967^[273] Iceland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Oslo.^[160] Peru is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Oslo.
Template:Country data Ireland	27 June 1999	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1999^[274] Ireland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Mexico City and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Dublin. Until 2017, the ambassador resided in London.
Template:Country data Italy	23 December 1874	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1874^[275]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Italy has an embassy in Lima.^[160]^[276] Peru has an embassy in Rome and consulates-general in Florence, Genoa, Milan and Turin.^[277]
Template:Country data Latvia	23 July 1996	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1996^[278] Latvia is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Berlin. Peru is accredited to Latvia through its embassy in Helsinki.
Template:Country data Liechtenstein	5 July 1996	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1996^[279] Liechtenstein does not have an embassy accredited to Peru. Peru is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Bern.
Template:Country data Lithuania	9 June 1997	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1997^[280] Peru is accredited to Lithuania from its embassy in Helsinki.
Template:Country data Luxembourg	14 June 1962	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1962^[281]^[282] Luxembourg is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Berlin. Peru is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels.
Template:Country data Malta	27 April 1977	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1977^[283] Malta has two honorary consulates in Lima and Arequipa. Peru has an honorary consulate in Valletta.
Template:Country data Kingdom of the Netherlands	1 February 1826	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Netherlands has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate-general in Amsterdam.
Template:Country data Norway	3 August 1923	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1923^[284] Peru has an embassy in Oslo. Norway has a consulate-general in Lima and is accredited from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.^[160]
Template:Country data Poland	6 September 1923	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1923.^[285] Peru refused to recognize the Polish government in London on December 29, 1945. Peru and Poland re-established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1969.^[286]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Warsaw.^[287] Poland has an embassy in Lima.^[160]^[288]
Template:Country data Portugal	26 March 1853	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 1853^[289] Peru has an embassy in Lisbon. Portugal has an embassy in Lima.^[160]
Template:Country data Romania	10 October 1939, broken 5 March 1942, Re-established diplomatic relations 9 November 1968	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Romania has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in Arequipa.^[160] The Republic of Peru has an embassy and an honorary consulate, both in Bucharest. Diplomatic relations' level: Legation: October 10, 1939 – March 5, 1942 Embassy: since November 9, 1968 Diplomatic relations' timeline: October 10, 1939 – March 5, 1942 since November 9, 1968^[290]
Template:Country data Russia	16 May 1874 to 1918 1 February 1969	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru and Russia established formal relations in Saint Petersburg on 16 May 1874, which were then severed after the Russian Revolution in 1918.^[291] Relations between Peru and the Soviet Union were then established on 1 February 1969.^[292] During and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Peru and Russia continued their relations. Peru has an embassy in Moscow and an honorary consulate in Saint Petersburg. Russia has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in the San Isidro District.^[160] Both countries are full members of the APEC.
Template:Country data San Marino	24 February 2005	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 February 2005^[293] San Marino is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Rome.^[160] Peru is accredited to San Marino from its missions in Italy.
Template:Country data Serbia	10 December 1968	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Diplomatic relations between then Yugoslavia and Peru existed before the Second World War. They were renewed on 10 December 1968. Serbia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.^[160]^[294] Peru is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Budapest.^[295]
Template:Country data Slovakia	1 January 1993	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Slovakia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.^[160] Peru is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Vienna.
Template:Country data Sovereign Military Order of Malta	15 April 1953	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Sovereign Military Order of Malta has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru is accredited to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from its embassy in the Holy See.
Template:Country data Spain	15 November 1879	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 November 1879^[296]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Madrid and consulates-general in Barcelona, Bilbao, Seville and Valencia.^[297] Spain has an embassy in Lima.^[160]^[298] Both countries are full members of the Association of Spanish Language Academies and the Organization of Ibero-American States
Template:Country data Sweden	11 February 1938	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1938.^[299]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Stockholm. Sweden is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.^[300]
Template:Country data Switzerland	16 September 1884	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Lima.^[160]
Template:Country data Ukraine	7 May 1992	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1992^[301]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru was accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland. It was formerly accredited from its embassy in Moscow, Russia. Ukraine has an embassy in Lima.^[160]
Template:Country data United Kingdom	10 October 1823	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 October 1823.^[8]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Peru maintains an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Lima.^[302] Both countries are members of CPTPP, the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Andean Countries–UK Free Trade Agreement.^[303] Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.^[304]
Template:Country data Vatican City	1 November 1852	Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Holy See has a nunciature in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Rome to the Holy See.

Oceania

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Template:Country data Australia	1 March 1963	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1963^[305]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Both countries have an expanding relationship in all areas. In February 2018 trade ministers from both Peru and Australia signed a free trade agreement.^[306] Until 2019, the Peruvian ambassador was also accredited to New Zealand.^[307] Australia has an embassy in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate-general in Sydney.
Template:Country data Fiji	1983^[104]	Fiji is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Wellington, New Zealand.^[160] Peru is accredited to Fiji from its embassy in Canberra.
Template:Country data New Zealand	4 July 1972	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 July 1972^[308]Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". New Zealand is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.^[160] Peru has an embassy in Wellington.
Template:Country data Papua New Guinea	14 September 1983	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1983^[309] Peru is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its consulate-general in Sydney.

Transnational issues

Illicit drugs

Until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation from 115,300 ha to 38,700 ha, or 66%, between 1995 and 1999;^[310] most of cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing by maritime conveyance to Mexico, US, and Europe.

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Peru topics Template:Foreign relations of Peru Template:Foreign relations in South America Template:Authority control

↑ Schenoni, Luis (2017) "Subsystemic Unipolarities?" in Strategic Analysis, 41(1): 74-86 [1]
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↑ Ejecutivo dispone la reapertura de la Embajada del Perú en Kenia (in Spanish)
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↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Alexander Panetta, "Canada limits main foreign aid recipients to 20 countries", Canada East website (accessed 3 March 2009)
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ http://www.peru.com/economiayfinanzas/noticias20091114/66081/Presidente-de-Ecuador-Rafael-Correa-agradece-cooperacion-de-Peru-en-crisis-energetica- Template:Dead link
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
↑ Template:Cite thesis
↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
↑ Template:Cite thesis
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Template:Cite report

[1] Schenoni, Luis (2017) "Subsystemic Unipolarities?" in Strategic Analysis, 41(1): 74-86 [1]

[2] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[3] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[4] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[5] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[6] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[7] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[britain-8] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[9] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[10] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[11] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[12] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[13] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[14] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[15] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[16] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[17] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[18] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[19] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[20] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[21] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[22] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[23] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[24] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[25] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[26] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[27] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[28] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[29] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[30] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[31] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[32] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[33] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[34] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[35] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:02-36] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:4-37] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[38] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[39] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[40] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[41] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[42] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[43] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[44] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[45] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[46] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[47] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[48] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[49] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[50] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[51] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[52] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[53] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[54] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[55] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[56] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[57] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[58] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link

[59] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[60] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[61] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:1-62] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[63] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[64] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[65] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[66] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[67] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[68] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[69] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[70] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[71] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[72] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[73] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[74] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[75] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[76] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[77] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[78] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[79] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[80] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[81] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[82] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[83] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[84] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[85] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[auto-86] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[87] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[88] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[89] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[90] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[91] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[92] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[93] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[94] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[95] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[96] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[97] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[98] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[99] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[100] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[101] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[102] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[103] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[pacific-104] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[105] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[106] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[107] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[108] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[109] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[110] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[111] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[112] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[113] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[UNDL-114] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[115] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[116] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[117] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[118] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[mofaic.gov.ae-119] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[120] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[121] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[122] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[123] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[124] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[125] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[126] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[127] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[128] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[129] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[130] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[131] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[132] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[133] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[134] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[135] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[136] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[137] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[138] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[139] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[140] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[141] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[142] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[143] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[144] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[145] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[146] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[147] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[148] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[149] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[150] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[151] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[152] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[153] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[154] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[155] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[156] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[157] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:2-158] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[159] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[GD2022-160] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[161] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[162] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[163] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[164] Ejecutivo dispone la reapertura de la Embajada del Perú en Kenia (in Spanish)

[165] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[166] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[167] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[est1980s-168] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[169] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[170] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[171] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[172] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[saharauis-173] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[pueblo_saharaui-174] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[175] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[176] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[177] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[178] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[179] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[180] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Mariategui-181] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[cancilleria-182] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[183] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[184] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[185] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[186] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[187] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[embassyofperu-188] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[189] Alexander Panetta, "Canada limits main foreign aid recipients to 20 countries", Canada East website (accessed 3 March 2009)

[190] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[191] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[192] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[193] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[194] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[195] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[peru2-196] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[197] ttp://www.peru.com/economiayfinanzas/noticias20091114/66081/Presidente-de-Ecuador-Rafael-Correa-agradece-cooperacion-de-Peru-en-crisis-energetica- Template:Dead link

[198] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[199] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[200] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[201] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[202] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link

[203] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[204] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[205] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[sre-206] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[consuladodelperu-207] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[208] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[209] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[210] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[embperu-211] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[212] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[213] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[214] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[angelfire-215] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[216] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[217] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[218] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[219] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[220] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[221] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[222] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[223] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[224] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[225] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[226] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[227] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[228] Template:Cite thesis

[229] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[230] Template:Cite thesis

[231] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[232] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[233] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[234] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[235] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[236] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[237] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[238] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[239] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[peru-240] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[241] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[242] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[243] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[244] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[245] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead link

[Relations_between_Turkey_and_Peru-246] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[247] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[248] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[249] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[250] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[251] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:0-252] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[253] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[254] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[255] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[256] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[mfa-257] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[258] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[259] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[260] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[261] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[mfa2-262] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[263] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[bim-264] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[PerúCierra2003-265] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[266] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[267] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[268] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[269] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[270] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[271] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[272] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[273] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[274] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[275] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[esteri-276] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[277] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[278] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[279] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[280] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[281] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[282] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[283] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[284] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[285] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[286] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[287] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[288] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[289] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[290] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[291] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[292] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[293] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[294] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[295] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[296] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[297] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[298] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[299] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[300] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[301] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[302] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[303] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[304] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[305] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[306] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[307] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[308] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[309] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[310] Template:Cite report

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