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imported>MPF m (GR) File renamed: File:Sula leucogaster, verspreidingskaart met subspp, a.png → File:Sula brewsteri & Sula leucogaster, verspreidingskaart met subspp, a.png update taxonomy |
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The genus ''Sula'' was introduced by the French zoologist [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] in 1760.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brisson |first=Mathurin Jacques |author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson |title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés |publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche |year=1760 |volume=1 |location=Paris |at=[https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36010460 Vol. 1 p. 60], [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36211468 Vol. 6 p.494] |language=French, Latin}}</ref> The [[type species]] is the [[brown booby]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108821 |title=Check-list of Birds of the World |publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology |year=1979 |editor-last=Mayr |editor-first=Ernst |editor-link=Ernst Mayr |edition=2nd |volume=1 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |page=181 |access-date=2017-11-21 |editor-last2=Cottrell |editor-first2=G. William |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808171006/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108821 |archive-date=2021-08-08 |url-status=live}}</ref> The name is derived from ''súla'', the [[Old Norse]] and [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] word for the other member of the family [[Sulidae]], the [[gannet]].<ref>{{Cite OED | Sula, n. | id=193748}}</ref> | The genus ''Sula'' was introduced by the French zoologist [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] in 1760.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brisson |first=Mathurin Jacques |author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson |title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés |publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche |year=1760 |volume=1 |location=Paris |at=[https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36010460 Vol. 1 p. 60], [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36211468 Vol. 6 p.494] |language=French, Latin}}</ref> The [[type species]] is the [[brown booby]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108821 |title=Check-list of Birds of the World |publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology |year=1979 |editor-last=Mayr |editor-first=Ernst |editor-link=Ernst Mayr |edition=2nd |volume=1 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |page=181 |access-date=2017-11-21 |editor-last2=Cottrell |editor-first2=G. William |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808171006/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108821 |archive-date=2021-08-08 |url-status=live}}</ref> The name is derived from ''súla'', the [[Old Norse]] and [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] word for the other member of the family [[Sulidae]], the [[gannet]].<ref>{{Cite OED | Sula, n. | id=193748}}</ref> | ||
The English name ''booby'' may derive from the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] slang term {{lang|es|bobo}}, meaning "stupid",<ref>{{Cite OED | booby, n. | id=21393}}</ref> as these tame birds had a habit of landing on board sailing ships, where they were easily captured and eaten. Owing to this, boobies are often mentioned as having been caught and eaten by shipwrecked sailors, including [[William Bligh]] of the [[HMS Bounty|''Bounty'']] and his adherents during their voyage after being set adrift by [[Fletcher Christian]] and his followers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alexander |first=Caroline |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QCA7gtcE0b0C |title=The Bounty: The True Story of the Mutiny on the Bounty |date=25 May 2004 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978- | The English name ''booby'' may derive from the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] slang term {{lang|es|bobo}}, meaning "stupid",<ref>{{Cite OED | booby, n. | id=21393}}</ref> as these tame birds had a habit of landing on board sailing ships, where they were easily captured and eaten. Owing to this, boobies are often mentioned as having been caught and eaten by shipwrecked sailors, including [[William Bligh]] of the [[HMS Bounty|''Bounty'']] and his adherents during their voyage after being set adrift by [[Fletcher Christian]] and his followers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alexander |first=Caroline |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QCA7gtcE0b0C |title=The Bounty: The True Story of the Mutiny on the Bounty |date=25 May 2004 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-200469-2}}</ref> | ||
Six of the ten extant Sulidae species called ''boobies'' are in the genus ''Sula'', while the three gannet species are usually placed in the genus ''[[Gannet|Morus]]''.<ref name="Friesen">{{Cite journal |last=Friesen |first=V. L. |last2=Anderson |first2=D. J. |last3=Steeves |first3=T.E. |last4=Jones |first4=H. |last5=Schreiber |first5=E.A. |year=2002 |title=Molecular support for species status of the Nazca Booby |journal=The Auk |volume=119 |issue=3 |pages=820–826 |doi=10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0820:MSFSSO]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=82903466}}</ref> [[Abbott's booby]] was formerly included in ''Sula'' but is now placed in a [[monotypic]] genus ''Papasula'', which represents an ancient lineage perhaps closer to ''Morus''. Some authorities consider that all ten species should be considered [[wiktionary:congeneric|congeneric]] in ''Sula''. However, they are readily distinguished by means of [[osteology]]. The distinct lineages of gannets and boobies are known to have existed in such form, since at least the Middle [[Miocene]] ({{val|15|ul=mya}}).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Olson |first=Storrs L. |author-link=Storrs L. Olson |title=Avian Biology |date=1985 |publisher=Academic Press |editor-last=Farner |editor-first=D.S. |volume=8 |location=New York |pages=79–238 [203–204] |chapter=The Fossil Record of Birds (Section X.G.5.a ''Sulidae'') |hdl=10088/6553 |access-date=2017-11-22 |editor-last2=King |editor-first2=D.S. |editor-last3=Parkes |editor-first3=K.C. |chapter-url=https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6553 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410015830/https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6553 |archive-date=2021-04-10 |url-status=live}}</ref> | Six of the ten extant Sulidae species called ''boobies'' are in the genus ''Sula'', while the three gannet species are usually placed in the genus ''[[Gannet|Morus]]''.<ref name="Friesen">{{Cite journal |last=Friesen |first=V. L. |last2=Anderson |first2=D. J. |last3=Steeves |first3=T.E. |last4=Jones |first4=H. |last5=Schreiber |first5=E.A. |year=2002 |title=Molecular support for species status of the Nazca Booby |journal=The Auk |volume=119 |issue=3 |pages=820–826 |doi=10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0820:MSFSSO]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=82903466}}</ref> [[Abbott's booby]] was formerly included in ''Sula'' but is now placed in a [[monotypic]] genus ''Papasula'', which represents an ancient lineage perhaps closer to ''Morus''. Some authorities consider that all ten species should be considered [[wiktionary:congeneric|congeneric]] in ''Sula''. However, they are readily distinguished by means of [[osteology]]. The distinct lineages of gannets and boobies are known to have existed in such form, since at least the Middle [[Miocene]] ({{val|15|ul=mya}}).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Olson |first=Storrs L. |author-link=Storrs L. Olson |title=Avian Biology |date=1985 |publisher=Academic Press |editor-last=Farner |editor-first=D.S. |volume=8 |location=New York |pages=79–238 [203–204] |chapter=The Fossil Record of Birds (Section X.G.5.a ''Sulidae'') |hdl=10088/6553 |access-date=2017-11-22 |editor-last2=King |editor-first2=D.S. |editor-last3=Parkes |editor-first3=K.C. |chapter-url=https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6553 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410015830/https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6553 |archive-date=2021-04-10 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
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| hunting = | | hunting = | ||
| iucn-status = LC | | iucn-status = LC | ||
| population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula nebouxii'' |volume=2018 | | | population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula nebouxii'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22696683A132588719 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696683A132588719.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
| direction = | | direction = | ||
| subspecies = {{clist|expand=yes | | subspecies = {{clist|expand=yes | ||
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| authority-not-original=yes | | authority-not-original=yes | ||
| range = Islands and coasts in the pantropical areas of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans | | range = Islands and coasts in the pantropical areas of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans | ||
| range-image = File:Sula leucogaster, verspreidingskaart met subspp, a.png | | range-image = File:Sula brewsteri & Sula leucogaster, verspreidingskaart met subspp, a.png | ||
| range-image-size = 180px | | range-image-size = 180px | ||
| size = | | size = | ||
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| hunting = | | hunting = | ||
| iucn-status = LC | | iucn-status = LC | ||
| population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula leucogaster'' |volume=2018 | | | population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula leucogaster'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22696698A132590197 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696698A132590197.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
| direction = | | direction = | ||
| subspecies = {{clist|expand=yes | | subspecies = {{clist|expand=yes | ||
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| hunting = | | hunting = | ||
| iucn-status = LC | | iucn-status = LC | ||
| population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula dactylatra'' |volume=2018 | | | population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula dactylatra'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22736173A132666363 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22736173A132666363.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
| direction = | | direction = | ||
| subspecies = {{clist|expand=yes | | subspecies = {{clist|expand=yes | ||
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| hunting = | | hunting = | ||
| iucn-status = LC | | iucn-status = LC | ||
| population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula granti'' |volume=2018 | | | population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula granti'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22728990A132659882 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22728990A132659882.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
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| subspecies = | | subspecies = | ||
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| hunting = | | hunting = | ||
| iucn-status = LC | | iucn-status = LC | ||
| population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula variegata'' |volume=2018 | | | population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula variegata'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22696686A132589026 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696686A132589026.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
| direction = | | direction = | ||
| subspecies = | | subspecies = | ||
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| hunting = | | hunting = | ||
| iucn-status = LC | | iucn-status = LC | ||
| population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula sula'' |volume=2018 | | | population = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Sula sula'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T22696694A132589278 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696694A132589278.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
| direction = | | direction = | ||
| subspecies = {{clist|expand=yes | | subspecies = {{clist|expand=yes | ||
Latest revision as of 14:47, 3 November 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Protection banner". Template:Automatic taxobox
A booby is a seabird in the genus Sula, part of the family Sulidae. Boobies are closely related to the gannets (Morus), which were formerly included in Sula.
Systematics and evolution
The genus Sula was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760.[1] The type species is the brown booby.[2] The name is derived from súla, the Old Norse and Icelandic word for the other member of the family Sulidae, the gannet.[3]
The English name booby may derive from the Spanish slang term Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "stupid",[4] as these tame birds had a habit of landing on board sailing ships, where they were easily captured and eaten. Owing to this, boobies are often mentioned as having been caught and eaten by shipwrecked sailors, including William Bligh of the Bounty and his adherents during their voyage after being set adrift by Fletcher Christian and his followers.[5]
Six of the ten extant Sulidae species called boobies are in the genus Sula, while the three gannet species are usually placed in the genus Morus.[6] Abbott's booby was formerly included in Sula but is now placed in a monotypic genus Papasula, which represents an ancient lineage perhaps closer to Morus. Some authorities consider that all ten species should be considered congeneric in Sula. However, they are readily distinguished by means of osteology. The distinct lineages of gannets and boobies are known to have existed in such form, since at least the Middle Miocene (Script error: No such module "val".).[7]
The fossil record of boobies is not as well documented as that of gannets, either because booby speciation was lower from the late Miocene to the Pliocene (when gannet diversity was at its highest), or because the booby fossil species record is as yet incomplete due to most localities being equatorial or in the Southern Hemisphere.
Behaviour
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Boobies hunt fish by diving from a height into the sea and pursuing their prey underwater. Facial air sacs under their skin cushion the impact with the water. Boobies are colonial breeders on islands and coasts. They normally lay one or more chalky-blue eggs on the ground or sometimes in a tree nest. Selective pressures, likely through competition for resource, have shaped the ecomorphology and foraging behaviours of the six species of boobies in the Pacific.[8]
List of species
Template:Species table/row Template:Species table/end
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links
Template:Suliformes Template:Suliformes Genera Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control