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<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --> | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --> | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Coonoor | ||
| native_name | | native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | ||
| native_name_lang | | native_name_lang = | ||
| other_name | | other_name = Kunnur | ||
| nickname | | nickname = | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = [[Hill Station]] | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = CoonoorPanorama.jpg | ||
| image_alt | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption | | image_caption = The view of Coonoor from Grey's Hill. | ||
| pushpin_map | | pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu | ||
| pushpin_label_position = right | | pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India | | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India | ||
| coordinates | | coordinates = {{coord|11|20|42|N|76|47|42|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_type2 = [[Region]] | ||
| subdivision_type3 | | subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name3 | | subdivision_name3 = [[The Nilgiris District|Nilgiris]] | ||
| established_title | | established_title = <!-- Established --> | ||
| established_date | | established_date = | ||
| founder | | founder = | ||
| named_for | | named_for = | ||
| government_type | | government_type = Municipality | ||
| governing_body | | governing_body = Coonoor Municipality | ||
| unit_pref | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_footnotes | | area_footnotes = | ||
| area_rank | | area_rank = | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_total_km2 = | ||
| elevation_footnotes = | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
| elevation_m | | elevation_m = 1850 | ||
| population_total | | population_total = 45954 | ||
| population_as_of | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_rank | | population_rank = | ||
| population_density_km2 = auto | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| population_demonym = | | population_demonym = | ||
| population_footnotes = | | population_footnotes = | ||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | | demographics_type1 = Languages | ||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] | | demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] | ||
| timezone1 | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| postal_code_type | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| postal_code | | postal_code = 643 10x | ||
| area_code_type | | area_code_type = Telephone code | ||
| area_code | | area_code = 91(0)423 | ||
| registration_plate = TN-43 | | registration_plate = TN-43 | ||
| website | | website = | ||
| footnotes | | footnotes = | ||
| official_name | | official_name = | ||
}} | }} | ||
== | '''Coonoor''' ({{audio|Coonoor.ogg|pronunciation}}), is a [[taluk]] and a municipal [[town]] of the [[Nilgiris District]] in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rongmei |first1=Precious |title=Coonoor, a tranquil retreat in the Nilgiris you need to explore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/coonoor-a-tranquil-retreat-in-the-nilgiris-you-need-to-explore/articleshow/105600157.cms |access-date=13 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |location=Tamil Nadu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elevation of Coonoor |url=https://nilgiris.nic.in/about-district/#:~:text=The%20Nilgiris%20is%20situated%20at,76.0%20E%20to%2077.15%20E).}}</ref> As of 2011, the town had a population of 45,494. The town sits at the south-east corner of the Nilgiri plateau, and at the head of the Coonoor Ghat, the principal pass connecting the Nilgiris to the plains. It is 363 miles (584 km) by rail from [[Chennai]] and 12 miles (19 km) from [[Ooty]]. The town is built within the picturesque Jackatalla valley (Jagathala), surrounded by wooded hills. | ||
Since the time of British rule, Coonoor has served as the terminus of the Nilgiri branch of the [[Southern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]] (formerly under the Madras South-Western Railway). In its early years, the town featured a sub-magistrate's court, a hospital, three churches, several schools, a library, as well as various shops and hotels catering to Europeans. Surrounded by tea and coffee estates, Coonoor is one of the principal hill stations of then [[Madras Presidency]], second only to [[Ooty]] in natural advantages.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=William Wilson |title=The Imperial Gazetteer Of India | == History == | ||
[[File:Rock 1 Mile Marker Coonoor Jun25 A7CR 05871.jpg|left|thumb|"1 MILE FROM THE BUNGALOW" historic milestone below Coonoor]] | |||
Since the time of British rule, Coonoor has served as the terminus of the Nilgiri branch of the [[Southern Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]] (formerly under the Madras South-Western Railway). In its early years, the town featured a sub-magistrate's court, a hospital, three churches, several schools, a library, as well as various shops and hotels catering to Europeans. Surrounded by tea and coffee estates, Coonoor is one of the principal hill stations of then [[Madras Presidency]], second only to [[Ooty]] in natural advantages.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=William Wilson |title=The Imperial Gazetteer Of India Vol. 2 |date=1881 |publisher=Trübner & Co. |location=London |page=500 |edition=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.39059/page/n503/mode/2up}}</ref> The European settlement was located on the upper plateau, while the native quarter was situated on the lower slopes of the valley. | |||
In the early 1800s, travelers from the plains reached Coonoor and Ooty via the Old Ooty Road. Coonoor had an Inspection Bungalow where travelers could rest. A historic milestone where the Old Ooty Road approached Coonoor was inscribed with "1 MILE FROM THE BUNGALOW". This marker indicated the distance to the Inspection Bungalow in Coonoor. The rock was unearthed in June 2025. Local historians speculate that the marker might date from the 1830s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Premkumar |first=R. |date=13 June 2025 |title=Nilgiris Collector helps unearth hidden milestone in Nilgiris' history |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/nilgiris-collector-helps-unearth-hidden-milestone-in-nilgiris-history/article69690530.ece |access-date=26 June 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> | |||
{{ | |||
== Geography == | |||
Coonoor sits at the south-east corner of the Nilgiri plateau, and at the head of the Coonoor Ghat, the principal pass connecting the Nilgiris to the plains. It is located at {{Coord|11.345|N|76.795|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Coonoor.html |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Coonoor, India |work=fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 1,650 metres (5,413 feet) above sea level. It is {{Convert|584|km|mi|abbr=on}} by rail from [[Chennai]], the state capital, and {{Convert|19|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Ooty]], the district headquarters. | |||
=== Climate === | |||
Coonoor has a [[Oceanic climate|sub-tropical highland climate (Koppen;Cfb)]] due to its high altitude. | |||
== | |||
{{Weather box | {{Weather box | ||
| location = Coonoor (1991–2020, extremes 1928–2020) | | location = Coonoor (1991–2020, extremes 1928–2020) | ||
| Line 160: | Line 153: | ||
| Dec rain days = 5.6 | | Dec rain days = 5.6 | ||
| year rain days = 80.0 | | year rain days = 80.0 | ||
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | | time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| Jan humidity = 72 | | Jan humidity = 72 | ||
| Feb humidity = 62 | | Feb humidity = 62 | ||
| Line 173: | Line 166: | ||
| Nov humidity = 88 | | Nov humidity = 88 | ||
| Dec humidity = 83 | | Dec humidity = 83 | ||
|year humidity = 77 | | year humidity = 77 | ||
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web | | source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf |title=Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991–2020 |publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]] |access-date=8 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |title=Station: Coonoor Climatological Table 1981–2010 |work=Climatological Normals 1981–2010 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=January 2015 |pages=209–210 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |title=Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=December 2016 |page=M193 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf | |||
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India | |||
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]] | |||
| access-date = April | |||
}}</ref><ref | |||
{{cite web| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf| archive-date = 5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |title=Station: Coonoor Climatological Table 1981–2010 |work=Climatological Normals 1981–2010 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=January 2015 |pages=209–210| access-date = 18 February 2020}}</ref><ref | |||
{{cite web| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf| archive-date = 5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |title=Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=December 2016 |page=M193| access-date = 18 February 2020}}</ref> | |||
}} | }} | ||
[[File:Gandhipuram Tea Estate Coonoor Nilgiris Jun25 A7CR 05879.jpg|thumb|Gandhipuram locality and tea plantation in south Coonoor]] | |||
== | == Demographics == | ||
{{bar box|title=Religion<ref name=religion2011 />|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]] | Orange|61.81}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]] | red|23.99}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]] | Green|13.01}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|1.19}}}} | |||
== | According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Coonoor had a population of 45,494 with a sex-ratio of 1,058 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web |title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html |publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2013 |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 3,768 were under the age of six, constituting 1,871 males and 1,897 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 27.92% and 23% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the city was 84.79%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard" /> The city had a total of 12384 households. There were a total of 17,421 workers, comprising 50 cultivators, 152 main agricultural labourers, 266 in household industries, 15,790 other workers, 1,163 marginal workers, 6 marginal cultivators, 66 marginal agricultural labourers, 31 marginal workers in household industries and 1,060 other marginal workers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Coonoor |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=688917 |publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2013 |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> | ||
< | |||
</ | |||
Coonoor has 61.81% [[Hindu]]s, 23.99% [[Christians]], 13.01% [[Muslim]]s, 0.04% [[Sikh]]s, 0.06% [[Buddhist]]s, 0.95% [[Jain]]s and 0.08% Others. 0.05% of the respondents follow no religion or did not state their religion.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web |title=Population By Religious Community – Tamil Nadu |year=2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html |format=XLS |publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |access-date=31 January 2016}}</ref> | |||
==References== | == Administration and politics == | ||
Coonoor is a [[taluk]] headquarters, responsible for six [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] villages, namely, [[Bandishola]], [[Bearhatty]], [[Burliar]], [[Hubbathalai]], [[Melur, Nilgiris|Melur]] and [[Yedapalli]]. The Coonoor block contains the revenue villages of [[Athigaratty|Adigaratty]], [[Burliar]], Coonoor Town, [[Yedapalli]], [[Hubbathalai]], [[Hullickal]], [[Ketti]], [[Melur]]. [[Coonoor (state assembly constituency)|Coonoor assembly constituency]] is part of [[Nilgiris (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |title=List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |access-date=9 October 2008 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031131000/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=31 October 2008}}</ref> | |||
== Tourism == | |||
Spread over an area of {{cvt|12|ha|acre|abbr=on}}, Sim's Park has a collection of over 1,000 plant [[species]]. The botanical garden is partly developed in the Japanese style and derived its name from J. D. Sim, the secretary of the Madras Club in 1874. The key attraction of the park is the annual fruit show held in [https://news.abplive.com/photo-gallery/tamil-nadu/in-pics-annual-summer-festival-begins-with-vegetable-show-in-kotagiri-1600301 May].<ref>{{cite book |title=India through the ages |url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada |last=Gopal |first=Madan |year=1990 |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/177 177] |editor=K.S. Gautam |publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://m.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/arrangements-on-for-fruit-show-in-coonoor/article7142446.ece |title=Arrangements on for fruit show in Coonoor |work=The Hindu: Mobile Edition |date=26 April 2015}}</ref> | |||
[[Dolphin's Nose, Coonoor|Dolphin's Nose Viewpoint]] is {{Convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Coonoor. Tourists can trek from Lady Canning's Seat to Dolphin's Nose. [[Lamb's Rock, Coonoor|Lamb's Rock]], about {{Convert|5.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Coonoor, is another vantage point. | |||
== Transport == | |||
[[File:Onr.JPG|thumb|Coonoor Railway Station]] | |||
{{Expand section|date=June 2025}} | |||
=== Railway station === | |||
{{Main|Coonoor railway station}} | |||
The railway station is in the [[Salem railway division]] of [[Southern Railway zone]]. It lies between [[Mettupalayam railway station]] and [[Ooty]] Railway Station on the [[Nilgiri Mountain Railway]], a [[World Heritage Site]]. | |||
== Notable events == | |||
=== Indian Air Force Mil Mi-17 crash, 2021 === | |||
{{Main|2021 Indian Air Force Mil Mi-17 crash}} | |||
On 8 December 2021, a [[Mil Mi-17]]V-5 transport helicopter operated by the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) crashed between [[Coimbatore]] and [[Wellington Cantonment|Wellington]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], after departing from [[Sulur Air Force Station]]. The helicopter was carrying [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] [[General (India)|General]] [[Bipin Rawat]] and 13 others, including his wife and staff. Thirteen people on board were killed in the immediate aftermath, and [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]] Varun Singh died from his injuries at a hospital seven days later. | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Adikaratti]] | |||
* [[Aruvankadu]] | |||
* [[Ketti]] | |||
* [[Kotagiri]] | |||
* [[Nilgiris (mountains)]] | |||
* [[Nilgiri tea]] | |||
* [[Ooty]] | |||
== References == | |||
{{Commons category}} | |||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==External links== | == External links == | ||
* {{wikivoyage inline|Coonoor}} | * {{wikivoyage inline|Coonoor}} | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927092547/http://www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in/coonoor.htm Conoor] Official history and tourism page on www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in. | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927092547/http://www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in/coonoor.htm Conoor] Official history and tourism page on www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in. | ||
Revision as of 06:09, 1 July 2025
Template:Use Indian English Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator.
Coonoor (Template:ErrorTemplate:Category handler), is a taluk and a municipal town of the Nilgiris District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.[1][2] As of 2011, the town had a population of 45,494. The town sits at the south-east corner of the Nilgiri plateau, and at the head of the Coonoor Ghat, the principal pass connecting the Nilgiris to the plains. It is 363 miles (584 km) by rail from Chennai and 12 miles (19 km) from Ooty. The town is built within the picturesque Jackatalla valley (Jagathala), surrounded by wooded hills.
History
Since the time of British rule, Coonoor has served as the terminus of the Nilgiri branch of the Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways (formerly under the Madras South-Western Railway). In its early years, the town featured a sub-magistrate's court, a hospital, three churches, several schools, a library, as well as various shops and hotels catering to Europeans. Surrounded by tea and coffee estates, Coonoor is one of the principal hill stations of then Madras Presidency, second only to Ooty in natural advantages.[3] The European settlement was located on the upper plateau, while the native quarter was situated on the lower slopes of the valley.
In the early 1800s, travelers from the plains reached Coonoor and Ooty via the Old Ooty Road. Coonoor had an Inspection Bungalow where travelers could rest. A historic milestone where the Old Ooty Road approached Coonoor was inscribed with "1 MILE FROM THE BUNGALOW". This marker indicated the distance to the Inspection Bungalow in Coonoor. The rock was unearthed in June 2025. Local historians speculate that the marker might date from the 1830s.[4]
Geography
Coonoor sits at the south-east corner of the Nilgiri plateau, and at the head of the Coonoor Ghat, the principal pass connecting the Nilgiris to the plains. It is located at Script error: No such module "Coordinates"..[5] It has an average elevation of 1,650 metres (5,413 feet) above sea level. It is Script error: No such module "convert". by rail from Chennai, the state capital, and Script error: No such module "convert". from Ooty, the district headquarters.
Climate
Coonoor has a sub-tropical highland climate (Koppen;Cfb) due to its high altitude. Script error: No such module "weather box".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Demographics
According to 2011 census, Coonoor had a population of 45,494 with a sex-ratio of 1,058 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[7] A total of 3,768 were under the age of six, constituting 1,871 males and 1,897 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 27.92% and 23% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the city was 84.79%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[7] The city had a total of 12384 households. There were a total of 17,421 workers, comprising 50 cultivators, 152 main agricultural labourers, 266 in household industries, 15,790 other workers, 1,163 marginal workers, 6 marginal cultivators, 66 marginal agricultural labourers, 31 marginal workers in household industries and 1,060 other marginal workers.[8]
Coonoor has 61.81% Hindus, 23.99% Christians, 13.01% Muslims, 0.04% Sikhs, 0.06% Buddhists, 0.95% Jains and 0.08% Others. 0.05% of the respondents follow no religion or did not state their religion.[6]
Administration and politics
Coonoor is a taluk headquarters, responsible for six Panchayat villages, namely, Bandishola, Bearhatty, Burliar, Hubbathalai, Melur and Yedapalli. The Coonoor block contains the revenue villages of Adigaratty, Burliar, Coonoor Town, Yedapalli, Hubbathalai, Hullickal, Ketti, Melur. Coonoor assembly constituency is part of Nilgiris (Lok Sabha constituency).[9]
Tourism
Spread over an area of Template:Cvt, Sim's Park has a collection of over 1,000 plant species. The botanical garden is partly developed in the Japanese style and derived its name from J. D. Sim, the secretary of the Madras Club in 1874. The key attraction of the park is the annual fruit show held in May.[10][11]
Dolphin's Nose Viewpoint is Script error: No such module "convert". from Coonoor. Tourists can trek from Lady Canning's Seat to Dolphin's Nose. Lamb's Rock, about Script error: No such module "convert". from Coonoor, is another vantage point.
Transport
Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Railway station
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The railway station is in the Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It lies between Mettupalayam railway station and Ooty Railway Station on the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a World Heritage Site.
Notable events
Indian Air Force Mil Mi-17 crash, 2021
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". On 8 December 2021, a Mil Mi-17V-5 transport helicopter operated by the Indian Air Force (IAF) crashed between Coimbatore and Wellington in Tamil Nadu, after departing from Sulur Air Force Station. The helicopter was carrying Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat and 13 others, including his wife and staff. Thirteen people on board were killed in the immediate aftermath, and Group Captain Varun Singh died from his injuries at a hospital seven days later.
See also
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
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External links
- Template:Wikivoyage inline
- Conoor Official history and tourism page on www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in.
Template:Municipalities of Tamil Nadu Template:Nilgiris district Template:Tourism in Tamil Nadu