Flip jump: Difference between revisions

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The '''flip jump''' (also called the '''flip''', and formerly '''''toe salchow''''') is a [[figure skating jump]]. The [[International Skating Union]] (ISU) defines a flip jump as "a toe jump that takes off from a back inside edge and lands on the back outside edge of the opposite foot".<ref name="mediaguide-16">Media Guide, p. 16</ref> It is executed with assistance from the toe of the free foot.<ref>{{cite web |date=2015 |title=Skating Glossary |url=https://skatecanada.ca/glossary/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806043409/https://skatecanada.ca/glossary/ |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=3 July 2024 |publisher=Skate Canada}}</ref>
The '''flip jump''' (also called the '''flip''', and formerly the '''''toe salchow''''') is a [[figure skating jump]]. The [[International Skating Union]] (ISU) defines a flip jump as "a toe jump that takes off from a back inside edge and lands on the back outside edge of the opposite foot".<ref name="mediaguide-20">Media guide, p. 20</ref> It is executed with assistance from the toe of the free foot.<ref>{{cite web |date=2015 |title=Skating Glossary |url=https://skatecanada.ca/glossary/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806043409/https://skatecanada.ca/glossary/ |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=3 October 2025 |publisher=Skate Canada}}</ref>
 
==History==
==History==
The origin of the flip jump is unknown, although American professional figure skater [[Bruce Mapes]] might have created it.<ref name="mediaguide-16" /> [[Gustave Lussi]] claimed that he and his student [[Montgomery Wilson]] invented it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morrow |first=Cecily |title=Biographical Sketch of Gustave Lussi |url=https://icecommand.com/pdfs/Lussibiographicalmaterial.pdf |website=Ice Command |format=PDF}}</ref> The jump was sometimes called the Wilson in Canada and the Mapes in the United States after Mapes's wife, Evelyn Chandler Mapes, who popularized the jump there.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=December 1943 |title=Jumps: Description and History |url=https://xmlmanager.qg.com/search?q=&ref=Skating_194312_01 |magazine=Skating Magazine |page=6 |volume=21 |issue=2}}</ref>
The origin of the flip jump is unknown, although American professional figure skater [[Bruce Mapes]] might have created it.<ref name="mediaguide-20" /> Writer Ellyn Kestnbaum calls the jump "somewhat trickier than the [[loop jump|loop]] for most skaters. considerably more so than the [[salchow jump|salchow]] or [[toe loop jump|toe loop]]",{{Sfn|Kestnbaum|2003|p=289}} because of its unstable inside edge and the precision required to align and time the jump's vault from the toepick.{{Sfn|Kestnbaum|2003|p=289}} As a consequence, quadruple flip jumps are, as [[ESPN]] puts it, "rare".<ref>{{cite news |date=25 March 2010 |title=Takahashi is First Japanese Man to Win |url=http://www.espn.com/olympics/figureskating/news/story?id=5027586 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212075709/https://www.espn.com/olympics/figureskating/news/story?id=5027586 |archive-date=12 February 2025 |access-date=3 October 2025 |work=ESPN.com |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Kestnbaum also states that it is crucial that the skater's edge not be too deep, but instead almost forms a straight line.{{Sfn|Kestnbaum|2003|pp=288–289}}
 
Writer Ellyn Kestnbaum calls the jump "somewhat trickier than the [[loop jump|loop]] for most skaters. considerably more so than the [[salchow jump|salchow]] or [[toe loop jump|toe loop]]",<ref name="cultureonice-289">Kestnbaum, p. 289</ref> because of its unstable inside edge and the precision required to align and time the jump's vault from the toepick.<ref name="cultureonice-289" /> As a consequence, quadruple flip jumps are, as [[ESPN]] puts it, "rare".<ref>{{cite news |date=25 March 2010 |title=Takahashi is First Japanese Man to Win |url=http://www.espn.com/olympics/figureskating/news/story?id=5027586 |access-date=3 July 2024 |work=ESPN.com |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Kestnbaum also states that it is crucial that the skater's edge not be too deep, but instead almost forms a straight line.<ref>Kestnbaum, pp. 288–289</ref> 


Variations of the flip jump include the half flip and the split flip. The half flip is often used as a simple transitional movement during a [[step sequence]] and as a takeoff for other half jumps. A split flip is a single flip jump with a [[Split jumps|split]] position at the peak of the skater's position in the air.<ref name="cultureonice-289" /> There is no record of the first male skater to perform the triple flip.<ref name="mediaguide-16" />  
Variations of the flip jump include the half flip and the split flip. The half flip is often used as a simple transitional movement during a [[step sequence]] and as a takeoff for other half jumps. A split flip is a single flip jump with a [[Split jumps|split]] position at the peak of the skater's position in the air.{{Sfn|Kestnbaum|2003|p=289}} There is no record of the first male skater to perform the triple flip.<ref name="mediaguide-20" />  


In competitions, the base value of a single flip is 0.50; the base value of a double flip is 1.80; the base value of a triple flip is 5.30; the base value of a quadruple flip is 11.00; and the base value of a quintuple flip is 14.<ref>{{cite web |title=ISU Communication 2656 Single and Pair Skating |url=https://current.isu.org/inside-isu/isu-communications/communications/34028-isu-communication-2656-1/file |access-date=5 November 2024 |publisher=International Skating Union |pages=2–4}}</ref>
In competitions, the base value of a single flip is 0.50; the base value of a double flip is 1.80; the base value of a triple flip is 5.30; the base value of a quadruple flip is 11.00; and the base value of a quintuple flip is 14.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Communication No. 2707: Single & Pair Skating Scale of Values (ISU No. 2707) |url=https://isu-d8g8b4b7ece7aphs.a03.azurefd.net/isudamcontainer/CMS/Corporate-Site/Governance/Transparency/ISU-Communications/2707-ISU-SOV-SinglesPairs-2025-26-25-05-01-1747377995-9986.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516225147/https://isu-d8g8b4b7ece7aphs.a03.azurefd.net/isudamcontainer/CMS/Corporate-Site/Governance/Transparency/ISU-Communications/2707-ISU-SOV-SinglesPairs-2025-26-25-05-01-1747377995-9986.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2025 |access-date=3 October 2025 |website=International Skating Union |pages=2-4}}</ref>


===Firsts===
===Firsts===
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|-
|-
!scope=row rowspan=2| 3F
!scope=row rowspan=2| 3F
| Triple flip (women's)|| {{Sortname|Katarina|Witt}} || {{flagcountry|GDR}} || rowspan="2" | [[1981 European Figure Skating Championships|1981 European Championships]] || rowspan="2" | <ref name="mediaguide-16" />
| Triple flip (women's)|| {{Sortname|Katarina|Witt}} || {{flagcountry|GDR}} || rowspan="2" | [[1981 European Figure Skating Championships|1981 European Championships]] || rowspan="2" | <ref name="mediaguide-20" />
|-
|-
| Triple flip (women's)||{{Sortname|Manuela|Ruben}}|| {{flagcountry|DEU}}  
| Triple flip (women's)||{{Sortname|Manuela|Ruben}}|| {{flagcountry|DEU}}  
|-
|-
!scope=row rowspan=2| 4F
!scope=row rowspan=2| 4F
| Quadruple flip (men's)||{{Sortname|Shoma|Uno}}|| {{flagcountry|JPN}} || [[2016 Team Challenge Cup]]|| <ref name="mediaguide-17"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hoang |first1=Mai |date=23 April 2016 |title=Uno Lands Historic Quad Flip at Team Challenge |url=https://goldenskate.com/2016/04/2016-team-challenge-men/ |access-date=3 July 2024 |work=Golden Skate.com}}</ref>
| Quadruple flip (men's)||{{Sortname|Shoma|Uno}}|| {{flagcountry|JPN}} || [[2016 Team Challenge Cup]]|| <ref name="mediaguide-21">Media guide, p. 21</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hoang |first1=Mai |date=23 April 2016 |title=Uno Lands Historic Quad Flip at Team Challenge |url=https://goldenskate.com/2016/04/2016-team-challenge-men/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250911215843/https://www.goldenskate.com/2016-team-challenge-men/ |archive-date=11 September 2025 |access-date=3 October 2025 |work=Golden Skate.com}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Quadruple flip (women's)||{{Sortname|Alexandra|Trusova}}|| {{flagcountry|RUS}} || [[2019–20 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final]] ||<ref name="mediaguide-17">Media guide, p. 17</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Griffiths |first1=Rachel |last2=Jiwani |first2=Rory |date=6 December 2019 |title=As it Happened: Wins for Kostornaia and Chen on Last Day of competition in Turin |work=Olympic Channel |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/day3-2019-isu-grand-prix-figure-skating-final |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref>
| Quadruple flip (women's)||{{Sortname|Alexandra|Trusova}}|| {{flagcountry|RUS}} || [[2019–20 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final]] ||<ref name="mediaguide-21" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Griffiths |first1=Rachel |last2=Jiwani |first2=Rory |date=6 December 2019 |title=As it Happened: Wins for Kostornaia and Chen on Last Day of Competition in Turin |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/day3-2019-isu-grand-prix-figure-skating-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206202131/https://www.olympics.com/en/news/day3-2019-isu-grand-prix-figure-skating-final |archive-date=6 December 2024 |access-date=3 October 2025 |work=Olympic Channel}}</ref>
|}
|}


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==Works cited==
==Works cited==
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.isu.org/media-centre/guides/media/32039-figure-skating-media-guide-2023-24/file |title=ISU Figure Skating Media Guide 2023/24 |access-date=3 July 2024 |work=International Skating Union |first= |last= |location= |date=20 September 2023}}
*{{Cite web |date=21 August 2025 |title=ISU Figure Skating Media Guide 2025/26 (Media Guide) |url=https://isu-d8g8b4b7ece7aphs.a03.azurefd.net/isudamcontainer/CMS/Corporate-Site/Press/Media-Accreditation/ISU-Figure-Skating-Media-Guide-2025-26-1756394999-1987.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250914161528/https://isu-d8g8b4b7ece7aphs.a03.azurefd.net/isudamcontainer/CMS/Corporate-Site/Press/Media-Accreditation/ISU-Figure-Skating-Media-Guide-2025-26-1756394999-1987.pdf |archive-date=14 September 2025 |access-date=3 October 2025 |website=International Skating Union. |place=Lausanne, Switzerland}}
* Kestnbaum, Ellyn (2003). ''Culture on Ice: Figure Skating and Cultural Meaning''. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. {{ISBN|0819566411}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Kestnbaum |first=Ellyn |title=Culture on Ice: Figure Skating and Cultural Meaning |date=2003 |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |isbn=0819566411 |location=Middletown, Connecticut}}


== External links ==
== External links ==

Latest revision as of 13:17, 3 October 2025

Template:Short description Template:Infobox Figure Skating Element

The flip jump (also called the flip, and formerly the toe salchow) is a figure skating jump. The International Skating Union (ISU) defines a flip jump as "a toe jump that takes off from a back inside edge and lands on the back outside edge of the opposite foot".[1] It is executed with assistance from the toe of the free foot.[2]

History

The origin of the flip jump is unknown, although American professional figure skater Bruce Mapes might have created it.[1] Writer Ellyn Kestnbaum calls the jump "somewhat trickier than the loop for most skaters. considerably more so than the salchow or toe loop",Template:Sfn because of its unstable inside edge and the precision required to align and time the jump's vault from the toepick.Template:Sfn As a consequence, quadruple flip jumps are, as ESPN puts it, "rare".[3] Kestnbaum also states that it is crucial that the skater's edge not be too deep, but instead almost forms a straight line.Template:Sfn

Variations of the flip jump include the half flip and the split flip. The half flip is often used as a simple transitional movement during a step sequence and as a takeoff for other half jumps. A split flip is a single flip jump with a split position at the peak of the skater's position in the air.Template:Sfn There is no record of the first male skater to perform the triple flip.[1]

In competitions, the base value of a single flip is 0.50; the base value of a double flip is 1.80; the base value of a triple flip is 5.30; the base value of a quadruple flip is 11.00; and the base value of a quintuple flip is 14.[4]

Firsts

Abbr. Jump element Skater Nation Event Ref.
3F Triple flip (women's) Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Flagcountry 1981 European Championships [1]
Triple flip (women's) Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Flagcountry
4F Quadruple flip (men's) Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Flagcountry 2016 Team Challenge Cup [5][6]
Quadruple flip (women's) Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Flagcountry 2019–20 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final [5][7]

Gallery

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d Media guide, p. 20
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Media guide, p. 21
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Works cited

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

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