Messier 84: Difference between revisions

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==Supernovae==
==Supernovae==
Three [[supernova]]e have been observed in M84:
Three [[supernova]]e have been observed in M84:
* SN 1957B ([[type_Ia_supernova|type{{nbsp}}Ia]], mag. 12.5) was discovered by H. S. Gates on 28 April 1957, and independently by Dr. G. Romano on 18 May 1957.<ref name="Götz1958"/><ref name="iauc1600" /><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1957B | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1957B | publisher = [[International_Astronomical_Union|IAU]] | access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref>
* SN 1957B ([[type_Ia_supernova|type{{nbsp}}Ia]], mag. 12.5) was discovered by H. S. Gates on 28 April 1957, and independently by Dr. Giuliano Romano on 18 May 1957.<ref name="Götz1958"/><ref name="iauc1600" /><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1957B | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1957B | publisher = [[International_Astronomical_Union|IAU]] | access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref>
* SN 1980I (type Ia, mag. 14) was discovered by M. Rosker on 13 June 1980.<ref name="iauc3492" /><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1980I | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1980I | publisher = [[International_Astronomical_Union|IAU]] | access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> Historically, this supernova has been catalogued as belonging to M84, but it may have been in either neighboring galaxy [[NGC 4387]] or [[Messier 86|M86]].<ref name="Smith1981"/>
* SN 1980I (type Ia, mag. 14) was discovered by M. Rosker on 13 June 1980.<ref name="iauc3492" /><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1980I | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1980I | publisher = [[International_Astronomical_Union|IAU]] | access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> Historically, this supernova has been catalogued as belonging to M84, but it may have been in either neighboring galaxy [[NGC 4387]] or [[Messier 86|M86]].<ref name="Smith1981"/>
* SN 1991bg (type Ia-pec, mag. 14) was discovered by [[Reiki Kushida]] on 3 December 1991.<ref name="Kosaietal1991"/><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1991bg | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1991bg | publisher = [[International_Astronomical_Union|IAU]] | access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref>
* SN 1991bg (type Ia-pec, mag. 14) was discovered by [[Reiki Kushida]] on 3 December 1991.<ref name="Kosaietal1991"/><ref>{{cite web | website=Transient Name Server | title=SN{{nbsp}}1991bg | url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1991bg | publisher = [[International_Astronomical_Union|IAU]] | access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> This supernova has been studied extensively as a peculiar and underluminous Type Ia, and is now used as a template, with similar events being classified as ''Type Ia-91bg-like''.<ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=2012MNRAS.424.2926M |title=The nebular spectra of the Type Ia supernova 1991bg: Further evidence of a non-standard explosion |last1=Mazzali |first1=Paolo A. |last2=Hachinger |first2=Stephan |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2012 |volume=424 |issue=4 |page=2926 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21433.x |doi-access=free }}</ref>
This high rate of supernovae is rare for elliptical galaxies, which may indicate there is a population of stars of intermediate age in M84.<ref name=Gómez2004/>
This high rate of supernovae is rare for elliptical galaxies, which may indicate there is a population of stars of intermediate age in M84.<ref name=Gómez2004/>


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   | doi=10.1002/asna.19572840308 | doi-access=free}}</ref>
   | doi=10.1002/asna.19572840308 | doi-access=free}}</ref>


<ref name="Kosaietal1991">{{cite journal
<ref name="Kosaietal1991">{{cite journal|bibcode=1991IAUC.5400....1K |title=Supernova 1991bg in NGC 4374 |last1=Kosai |first1=H. |last2=Kushida |first2=R. |last3=Kato |first3=T. |last4=Filippenko |first4=A. |last5=Newberg |first5=H. |journal=International Astronomical Union Circular |date=1991 |issue=5400 |page=1 | url=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/05400/05400.html#Item1}}</ref>
  | last1=Kosai | first1=H. | last2=Kushida | first2=R.
  | last3=Kato | first3=T. | last4=Filippenko | first4=A.
  | last5=Newberg | first5=H. | display-authors=1
  | title=Supernova 1991bg in NGC 4374
  | journal=IAU Circular
  | volume=5400 | pages=1 | year=1958
  | bibcode=1991IAUC.5400....1K }}</ref>


<ref name="Smith1981">{{cite journal
<ref name="Smith1981">{{cite journal

Latest revision as of 00:44, 14 June 2025

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Messier 84 or M84, also known as NGC 4374, is a giant elliptical or lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo. Charles Messier discovered the object in 1781Template:Efn in a systematic search for "nebulous objects" in the night sky.[1] It is the 84th object in the Messier Catalogue and in the heavily populated core of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies, part of the local supercluster.[2]

This galaxy has morphological classification E1, denoting it has flattening of about 10%. The extinction-corrected total luminosity in the visual band is about Template:Val. The central mass-to-light ratio is 6.5, which, to a limit, steadily increases away from the core. The visible galaxy is surrounded by a massive dark matter halo.[3]

Radio observations and Hubble Space Telescope images of M84 have revealed two jets of matter shooting out from its center as well as a disk of rapidly rotating gas and stars indicating the presence of a Template:Solar mass[4] supermassive black hole. It also has a few young stars and star clusters, indicating star formation at a very low rate.[5] The number of globular clusters is Template:Val, which is much lower than expected for an elliptical galaxy.[6]

Viewed from Earth its half-light radius, relative angular size of its 50% peak of lit zone of the sky, is Template:Val, thus just over an arcminute.

Supernovae

Three supernovae have been observed in M84:

  • SN 1957B ([[type_Ia_supernova|typeTemplate:NbspIa]], mag. 12.5) was discovered by H. S. Gates on 28 April 1957, and independently by Dr. Giuliano Romano on 18 May 1957.[7][8][9]
  • SN 1980I (type Ia, mag. 14) was discovered by M. Rosker on 13 June 1980.[10][11] Historically, this supernova has been catalogued as belonging to M84, but it may have been in either neighboring galaxy NGC 4387 or M86.[12]
  • SN 1991bg (type Ia-pec, mag. 14) was discovered by Reiki Kushida on 3 December 1991.[13][14] This supernova has been studied extensively as a peculiar and underluminous Type Ia, and is now used as a template, with similar events being classified as Type Ia-91bg-like.[15]

This high rate of supernovae is rare for elliptical galaxies, which may indicate there is a population of stars of intermediate age in M84.[6]

File:M84map.png
Location of M84

See also

References and footnotes

Template:Reflist Template:Notelist

External links

Template:Commonscat

Template:Portal bar Template:Virgo Template:Messier objects Template:Ngc45 Template:Sky

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named jonesbook1991
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Finoguenovetal2002
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Napolitano2011
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bower et al. 1998
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ford2012
  6. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Gómez2004
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Götz1958
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named iauc1600
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named iauc3492
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Smith1981
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Kosaietal1991
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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