A+ (programming language): Difference between revisions

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|designer = [[Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)|Arthur Whitney]]
|designer = [[Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)|Arthur Whitney]]
|developer = [[Morgan Stanley]]
|developer = [[Morgan Stanley]]
|released = A – {{Start date and age|1985}}<br/>A+ – {{Start date and age|1988}}
|released = {{Start date and age|1988}}
|latest release version = 4.22-1
|latest release version = 4.22-1
|latest release date = {{Start date and age|2008|03|27}}
|latest release date = {{Start date and age|2008|03|27}}
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== History ==
== History ==


In 1985, [[Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)|Arthur Whitney]] created the A programming language<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aplwiki.com/wiki/A |title=A – APL Wiki}}</ref> to replace [[APL (programming language)|APL]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aplusdev.org/About/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020619011949/http://aplusdev.org/About/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 19, 2002 |title=A+: History of A+ |website=www.aplusdev.org |access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref> Other developers at [[Morgan Stanley]] extended it to A+, adding a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) and other language features. The GUI A+ was released in 1988.
In 1988, [[Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)|Arthur Whitney]] began work on the A programming language to replace [[APL (programming language)|APL]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aplusdev.org/About/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020619011949/http://aplusdev.org/About/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 19, 2002 |title=A+: History of A+ |website=www.aplusdev.org |access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref> Other developers at [[Morgan Stanley]] extended it to A+, adding a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) and other language features.


[[Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)|Arthur Whitney]] went on to create a proprietary array language named [[K (programming language)|K]]. Like [[J (programming language)|J]], K omits the APL character set. It lacks some of the perceived complexities of A+, such as the existence of statements and two different modes of [[Syntax (programming languages)|syntax]].
[[Arthur Whitney (computer scientist)|Arthur Whitney]] went on to create a proprietary array language named [[K (programming language)|K]]. Like [[J (programming language)|J]], K omits the APL character set. It lacks some of the perceived complexities of A+, such as the existence of statements and two different modes of [[Syntax (programming languages)|syntax]].
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[[Category: Array programming languages]]
[[Category: Array programming languages]]
[[Category: Data-centric programming languages]]
[[Category: Data-centric programming languages]]
[[Category: Programming languages]]

Latest revision as of 15:05, 24 November 2025

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A+ is a high-level, interactive, interpreted array programming language designed for numerically intensive applications, especially those found in financial applications.

History

In 1988, Arthur Whitney began work on the A programming language to replace APL.[1] Other developers at Morgan Stanley extended it to A+, adding a graphical user interface (GUI) and other language features.

Arthur Whitney went on to create a proprietary array language named K. Like J, K omits the APL character set. It lacks some of the perceived complexities of A+, such as the existence of statements and two different modes of syntax.

Features

A+ provides an extended set of functions and operators, a graphical user interface with automatic synchronizing of widgets and variables, asynchronous executing of functions associated with variables and events, dynamic loading of user compiled subroutines, and other features. A+ runs on many Unix variants, including Linux. It is free and open source software released under a GNU General Public License. A newer GUI has not yet been ported to all supported platforms.

The A+ language implements the following changes to the APL language:

  • an A+ function may have up to nine formal parameters
  • A+ code statements are separated by semicolons, so a single statement may be divided into two or more physical lines
  • The explicit result of a function or operator is the result of the last statement executed
  • A+ implements an object called a dependency, which is a global variable (the dependent variable) and an associated definition that is like a function with no arguments. Values can be explicitly set and referenced in exactly the same ways as for a global variable, but they can also be set through the associated definition.

Interactive A+ development is primarily done in the Xemacs editor, through extensions to the editor. Because A+ code uses the original APL symbols, displaying A+ requires a font with those special characters; a font named kapl is provided on the web site for that purpose.

References

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External links

  • Script error: No such module "Official website".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Unsubst"., aplusdev.org

Template:APL programming language