Fringilla: Difference between revisions
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===Species=== | ===Species=== | ||
By the early 20th century, the genus was considered to include just three species, with the other species included by Linnaeus transferred to other genera. In 2016, it was proposed that the extremely rare Gran Canaria blue chaffinch subspecies ''F. teydea polatzeki'' be treated as a separate species, thus accepting a fourth species, ''F. polatzeki''.<ref name=sangster2016>{{cite journal|last1=Sangster|first1=G.|last2=Rodríguez-Godoy|first2=F.|last3=Roselaar|first3=C.S.|last4=Robb|first4=M.S.|last5=Luksenburg|first5=J.A.|year=2016|title=Integrative taxonomy reveals Europe's rarest songbird species, the Gran Canaria blue chaffinch ''Fringilla polatzeki''|journal=Journal of Avian Biology| volume=47 | issue=2 | pages=159–166 | doi=10.1111/jav.00825 }}</ref><ref name=WIAR>{{cite web|url=http://wildlifearticles.co.uk/the-rarest-songbird-in-europe/|title=The Rarest Songbird in Europe|publisher=Wildlife Articles|access-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040443/http://wildlifearticles.co.uk/the-rarest-songbird-in-europe/|archive-date=2016-03-08 | By the early 20th century, the genus was considered to include just three species, with the other species included by Linnaeus transferred to other genera. In 2016, it was proposed that the extremely rare Gran Canaria blue chaffinch subspecies ''F. teydea polatzeki'' be treated as a separate species, thus accepting a fourth species, ''F. polatzeki''.<ref name=sangster2016>{{cite journal|last1=Sangster|first1=G.|last2=Rodríguez-Godoy|first2=F.|last3=Roselaar|first3=C.S.|last4=Robb|first4=M.S.|last5=Luksenburg|first5=J.A.|year=2016|title=Integrative taxonomy reveals Europe's rarest songbird species, the Gran Canaria blue chaffinch ''Fringilla polatzeki''|journal=Journal of Avian Biology| volume=47 | issue=2 | pages=159–166 | doi=10.1111/jav.00825 }}</ref><ref name=WIAR>{{cite web|url=http://wildlifearticles.co.uk/the-rarest-songbird-in-europe/|title=The Rarest Songbird in Europe|publisher=Wildlife Articles|access-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040443/http://wildlifearticles.co.uk/the-rarest-songbird-in-europe/|archive-date=2016-03-08}}</ref> | ||
A major genetic, morphological, and behavioural study in 2021 then divided the former common chaffinch (''Fringilla coelebs'' [[sensu lato]]) into five species,<ref name="Recuerda">{{cite journal | | A major genetic, morphological, and behavioural study in 2021 then divided the former common chaffinch (''Fringilla coelebs'' [[sensu lato]]) into five species,<ref name="Recuerda">{{cite journal | last1=Recuerda | first1=María | last2=Illera | first2=Juan Carlos | last3=Blanco | first3=Guillermo | last4=Zardoya | first4=Rafael | last5=Milá | first5=Borja | title=Sequential colonization of oceanic archipelagos led to a species-level radiation in the common chaffinch complex (Aves: Fringilla coelebs) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=164 | date=2021 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107291 | doi-access=free | article-number=107291| pmid=34384903 | bibcode=2021MolPE.16407291R | hdl=10261/250227 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> so the genus is now accepted as containing eight species:<ref name="IOC">{{cite web | title=Finches, euphonias, longspurs, Thrush-tanager | website=IOC World Bird List – Version 14.2 | date=2025-02-20 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/finches/ | access-date=2025-03-19}}</ref> | ||
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| isbn = 0-8008-2720-1}}</ref> | | isbn = 0-8008-2720-1}}</ref> | ||
The eight species are all broadly similar size, {{convert|14|–|18|cm|in}} in length, with brambling the smallest, and Tenerife blue chaffinch the largest; they are all similar in shape.<ref name="Shirihai">{{cite book | | The eight species are all broadly similar size, {{convert|14|–|18|cm|in}} in length, with brambling the smallest, and Tenerife blue chaffinch the largest; they are all similar in shape.<ref name="Shirihai">{{cite book | last1=Shirihai | first1=Hadoram | last2=Svensson | first2=Lars | title=Handbook of Western Palearctic birds. volume 2: Passerines: flycatchers to buntings | publisher=Helm | publication-place=London Oxford New York New Delhi Sydney | date=2019 | isbn=978-1-4729-3737-7 | pages=353–363}}</ref><ref name=Newton/> They have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings.<ref>{{Cite book | ||
| last = Clement | first = Peter | | last = Clement | first = Peter | ||
|author2= Harris, Alan|author3=Davis, John | |author2= Harris, Alan|author3=Davis, John | ||
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[[Category:Fringilla| ]] | [[Category:Fringilla| ]] | ||
[[Category:Bird genera]] | [[Category:Bird genera]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:42, 15 December 2025
Template:Short description Template:Italic title Template:Automatic taxobox
The genus Fringilla is a small group of eight species of finches from the Old World. It is the only genus in the subfamily Fringillinae.
Taxonomy
The genus Fringilla was described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.[1] The genus name Fringilla is Latin for "finch".[2] Linnaeus included 30 species in the genus (Fringilla zena was listed twice) and of these the Eurasian chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) is considered as the type species.[3]
Species
By the early 20th century, the genus was considered to include just three species, with the other species included by Linnaeus transferred to other genera. In 2016, it was proposed that the extremely rare Gran Canaria blue chaffinch subspecies F. teydea polatzeki be treated as a separate species, thus accepting a fourth species, F. polatzeki.[4][5]
A major genetic, morphological, and behavioural study in 2021 then divided the former common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs sensu lato) into five species,[6] so the genus is now accepted as containing eight species:[7]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs).jpg | Fringilla coelebs | Eurasian chaffinch | Europe, across Asia to western Siberia; migrating south in winter to north Africa and northern India |
| File:African Chaffinch (Fringilla spodiogenys) male Morocco.jpg | Fringilla spodiogenys | African chaffinch | Northwestern Africa; nonmigratory |
| File:Açores 452A1626 (35867036050).jpg | Fringilla moreletti | Azores chaffinch | Azores; nonmigratory |
| File:FringillaCoelebsMadeirensis 3749.jpg | Fringilla maderensis | Madeira chaffinch | Madeira; nonmigratory |
| File:Fringilla coelebs palmae - Los Tilos.jpg | Fringilla canariensis | Canary Islands chaffinch | Canary Islands; nonmigratory |
| File:Pinzón azul de Gran Canaria (macho), M. A. Peña.jpg | Fringilla polatzeki | Gran Canaria blue chaffinch | Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands; nonmigratory |
| File:Teidefink.jpg | Fringilla teydea | Tenerife blue chaffinch | Tenerife in the Canary Islands; nonmigratory |
| File:Fringilla montifringilla Oulu 20120507b.JPG | Fringilla montifringilla | Brambling | Northeastern Europe and northern Asia, migrating west and south in winter to western Europe, north Africa, northern India, northern Pakistan, China, and Japan |
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The Eurasian chaffinch is found primarily in forest habitats, in Europe and western Asia; the other species formerly treated as subspecies of it occur in North Africa and Macaronesia; the blue chaffinches are island endemics; and the brambling breeds in the northern taiga and southern tundra of Eurasia.[8]
The eight species are all broadly similar size, Script error: No such module "convert". in length, with brambling the smallest, and Tenerife blue chaffinch the largest; they are all similar in shape.[9][8] They have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings.[10] They are not as specialised as other finches, eating both insects and seeds. While breeding, they feed their young on insects rather than seeds, unlike other finches.[8]
References
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External links
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