Philippicus: Difference between revisions
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|succession = [[Byzantine emperor]] | |succession = [[Byzantine emperor]] | ||
|reign = 4 November 711 – 3 June 713 | |reign = 4 November 711 – 3 June 713 | ||
|coronation = | |coronation = | ||
| | |birth_name = Bardanes{{efn|His first name is sometimes spelled as ''Bardanus''<ref>{{cite book |first = Theodor |last = Katerkamp |date = 1840 |title = Kerkelijke geschiedenis: bd |page = 56 |publisher = Van Rossum}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author = J. W. van Loon |date = 1863 |title = Beknopt chronologisch Overzigt des Kerkgeschiedenis, in synchronistisch verband met de wereldgeschiedenis, etc |page = 86}}</ref> or ''Vardanus''<ref>{{cite book |first = Valerius |last = Maximus |date = 1536 |title = VAL. MAX. LIBRI IX |publisher = Henricum Petrum |page = 537}}</ref> in outdated sources.}} | ||
|full name = | |||
|regnal name = Filepicus | |regnal name = Filepicus | ||
|predecessor = [[Justinian II]] | |predecessor = [[Justinian II]] | ||
|successor = [[Anastasius II (emperor)|Anastasius II]] | |successor = [[Anastasius II (emperor)|Anastasius II]] | ||
|spouse = | |spouse = | ||
|dynasty = [[Twenty Years' Anarchy]] | |dynasty = [[Twenty Years' Anarchy]] | ||
|father = Nicephorus | |father = Nicephorus | ||
|mother = | |mother = | ||
|birth_date = | |birth_date = | ||
|birth_place = [[Pergamum]], [[Thracesian Theme]]<br />(now [[Bergama]], [[İzmir Province|Izmir]], [[Turkey]]) | |birth_place = [[Pergamum]], [[Thracesian Theme]]<br />(now [[Bergama]], [[İzmir Province|Izmir]], [[Turkey]]) | ||
|death_date = 713 | |death_date = 713 | ||
|death_place = | |death_place = | ||
|date of burial = | |date of burial = | ||
|place of burial = | |place of burial = | ||
|title = [[List of Byzantine emperors|Emperor of the Romans]] | |title = [[List of Byzantine emperors|Emperor of the Romans]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 15:21, 12 June 2025
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Template:Years of Anarchy Philippicus (Template:Langx;Template:Efn Template:Langx), born Bardanes (Template:Langx; Template:Langx) was Byzantine emperor from 711 to 713. He took power in a coup against the unpopular emperor Justinian II, and was deposed in a similarly violent manner nineteen months later. During his brief reign, Philippicus supported monothelitism in Byzantine theological disputes, and saw conflict with the First Bulgarian Empire and the Umayyad Caliphate.
Biography
Philippicus was originally named Bardanes (Template:Langx; Template:Langx); he was the son of the patrician Nicephorus, who was of Armenian extraction from an Armenian colony in Pergamum.[1] The Armenian background of Philippicus has been supported by Byzantinist historians Peter Charanis and Nicholas Adontz,Template:Sfn and disputed by Anthony Kaldellis.[2] Kaldellis adds that Bardanes was probably born and raised in the Byzantine realm, as his father Nicephorus possibly was. Contemporaneous sources attest to Bardanes' tutoring, scholarly interests, learning and eloquence, all of which were in Greek.[2] Byzantine historians Leslie Brubaker and John Haldon suggested Bardanes had some connection or affiliation with the Armenian Mamikonian family,[3] which Kaldellis also denies. Byzantine researcher Toby Bromige felt Kaldellis was too dismissive of the Armenian ancestry of certain Byzantine individuals.[4] Template:Citation needed span
Relying on the support of the Monothelite party, he made some pretensions to the throne on the outbreak of the first great rebellion against Emperor Justinian II. Instead, the position of emperor was taken first by Leontius and then by Tiberius III, who relegated Bardanes to Cephalonia. When Justinian regained power Bardanes was banished to Cherson, where he took the name Philippicus and incited the inhabitants to revolt with the help of the Khazars. The successful rebels drove Justinian out of Constantinople, and Philippicus took the throne. Justinian was subsequently seized and beheaded; his son Tiberius was likewise apprehended by Philippicus's officers, Ioannes and Mauros, and killed in a church. Justinian's principal officers, such as Barasbakourios, were also massacred.
Reign
Among the first acts of Philippicus were the deposition of Cyrus (the orthodox patriarch of Constantinople) in favour of John VI (a member of his own sect), and the summoning of a conciliabulum of Eastern bishops, which abolished the canons of the Sixth Ecumenical Council. In response, the Roman Church refused to recognize the new emperor and his patriarch. Meanwhile, the Bulgarian ruler Tervel plundered up to the walls of Constantinople in 712. When Philippicus transferred an army from the Opsikion theme to police the Balkans, the Umayyad Caliphate under Al-Walid I made inroads across the weakened defenses of Asia Minor.
In late May 713 the Opsikion troops rebelled in Thrace. Several of their officers penetrated the city and blinded Philippicus on June 3, 713 while he was in the hippodrome.[5] He was succeeded for a short while by his principal secretary, Artemius, who was raised to the purple as Emperor Anastasius II. He died in the same year.
See also
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Notes
References
Sources
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Further reading
- The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991.
External links
Template:S-endTemplate:Roman emperorsTemplate:Authority control- Pages with script errors
- Pages with broken file links
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
- 7th-century births
- 713 deaths
- 710s in the Byzantine Empire
- 8th-century Byzantine emperors
- 8th-century rebels
- Armenian Byzantine emperors
- Medieval Crimea
- Twenty Years' Anarchy
- Byzantine consuls
- Leaders who took power by coup