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== Conciliation process == | == Conciliation process == | ||
The conciliation process begins when both parties agree to engage in it as a method of resolving a dispute.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Peters |first=Edward |date=1958 |title=The Mediator: A Neutral, a Catalyst or a Leader |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/labljo9&div=104&id=&page= |journal=Labor Law Journal |volume=9 |pages=764}}</ref> There are multiple uses for this form of alternative dispute resolution including transnational intellectual property,<ref name=":2" /> legislative assemblies,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Franchino |first1=Fabio |last2=Mariotto |first2=Camilla |date=2012-12-21 |title=Explaining negotiations in the conciliation committee |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116512468216 |journal=European Union Politics |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=345–365 |doi=10.1177/1465116512468216 |hdl=2434/175428 |issn=1465-1165|hdl-access=free }}</ref> peace efforts,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tiller |first1=Stian Johansen |last2=Waage |first2=Hilde Henriksen |date=2011 |title=Powerful State, Powerless Mediator: The United States and the Peace Efforts of the Palestine Conciliation Commission, 1949–51 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2011.595245 |journal=The International History Review |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=501–524 |doi=10.1080/07075332.2011.595245 |issn=0707-5332|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and other areas of community concern.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Conn |first1=Stephen |last2=Hippler |first2=Arthur E. |date=1974–1975 |title=Conciliation and Arbitration in the Native Village and the Urban Ghetto |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/judica58&div=46&id=&page= |journal=Judicature |volume=58 |pages=228}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gentle |first=Terry W. Jr |date=1999–2000 |title=Rethinking Conciliation under the Fair Housing Act |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tenn67&div=17&id=&page= |journal=Tennessee Law Review |volume=67 |pages=425}}</ref> This can be either part of an outline contract that was handled before the dispute arose<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=Anthony |date=1998 |title=Mediation and Art Disputes |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/artniqul3&div=9&id=&page= |journal=Art Antiquity and Law |volume=3 |pages=31}}</ref> or after a dispute arises.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chalmers |first=W. Ellison |date=1948 |title=The Conciliation Process |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979394800100301 |journal=ILR Review |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=337–350 |doi=10.1177/001979394800100301 |issn=0019-7939|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wenying |first=Wang |date=2005 |title=The Role of Conciliation in Resolving Disputes: A P.R.C. Perspective |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ohjdpr20&div=22&id=&page= |journal=Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution |volume=20 |pages=421}}</ref> Conciliation is a preferred method of dispute resolution compared to litigation or binding arbitration.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Han |first=Zheng |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781843341536500075 |title=Managing Foreign Research and Development in the People's Republic of China |publisher=Elsevier |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84334-153-6 |editor-last=Rowley |editor-first=Chris |pages=117–166 |language=en |chapter=Managing intellectual property rights |doi=10.1016/b978-1-84334-153-6.50007-5 |access-date=2024-09-17}}</ref> They select a conciliator by mutual consent<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Pragnya Paramita |date=2023 |title=Nature of Conciliation Process and Conciliator's Duties and Power |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/injlolw10&div=276&id=&page= |journal=Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=1}}</ref> or through an appointing institution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Annandale |first=Christopher |date=1993 |title=Make Way for the Conciliator |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/intfinr12&div=29&id=&page= |journal=International Financial Law Review |volume=12 |pages=30}}</ref> The conciliator then gathers information to understand the concerns and objectives of each side.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Irvin |first=James |date=1969-01-01 |title=The Role of Law in the Negotiated Settlement of International Disputes |url=https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vjtl/vol3/iss1/8/ |journal=Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=58}}</ref> The conciliator helps the parties move toward a resolution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coe |first=Jack J. Jr |date=2005 |title=Toward a Complementary Use of Conciliation in Investor-State Disputes - A Preliminary Sketch |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ucdl12&div=7&id=&page= |journal=U.C. Davis Journal of International Law & Policy |volume=12 |pages=7}}</ref> In issues of international law this may include [[shuttle diplomacy]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=Flexibility in international dispute settlement: conciliation revisited |date=2020 |publisher=Brill Nijhoff |isbn=978-90-04-43311-3 |editor-last=Tomuschat |editor-first=Christian |location=Leiden Boston |editor-last2=Kohen |editor-first2=Marcelo G.}}</ref> | The conciliation process begins when both parties agree to engage in it as a method of resolving a dispute.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Peters |first=Edward |date=1958 |title=The Mediator: A Neutral, a Catalyst or a Leader |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/labljo9&div=104&id=&page= |journal=Labor Law Journal |volume=9 |pages=764}}</ref> There are multiple uses for this form of alternative dispute resolution including transnational intellectual property,<ref name=":2" /> legislative assemblies,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Franchino |first1=Fabio |last2=Mariotto |first2=Camilla |date=2012-12-21 |title=Explaining negotiations in the conciliation committee |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116512468216 |journal=European Union Politics |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=345–365 |doi=10.1177/1465116512468216 |hdl=2434/175428 |issn=1465-1165|hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> peace efforts,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tiller |first1=Stian Johansen |last2=Waage |first2=Hilde Henriksen |date=2011 |title=Powerful State, Powerless Mediator: The United States and the Peace Efforts of the Palestine Conciliation Commission, 1949–51 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2011.595245 |journal=The International History Review |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=501–524 |doi=10.1080/07075332.2011.595245 |issn=0707-5332|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and other areas of community concern.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Conn |first1=Stephen |last2=Hippler |first2=Arthur E. |date=1974–1975 |title=Conciliation and Arbitration in the Native Village and the Urban Ghetto |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/judica58&div=46&id=&page= |journal=Judicature |volume=58 |pages=228}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gentle |first=Terry W. Jr |date=1999–2000 |title=Rethinking Conciliation under the Fair Housing Act |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tenn67&div=17&id=&page= |journal=Tennessee Law Review |volume=67 |pages=425}}</ref> This can be either part of an outline contract that was handled before the dispute arose<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=Anthony |date=1998 |title=Mediation and Art Disputes |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/artniqul3&div=9&id=&page= |journal=Art Antiquity and Law |volume=3 |pages=31}}</ref> or after a dispute arises.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chalmers |first=W. Ellison |date=1948 |title=The Conciliation Process |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979394800100301 |journal=ILR Review |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=337–350 |doi=10.1177/001979394800100301 |issn=0019-7939|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wenying |first=Wang |date=2005 |title=The Role of Conciliation in Resolving Disputes: A P.R.C. Perspective |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ohjdpr20&div=22&id=&page= |journal=Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution |volume=20 |pages=421}}</ref> Conciliation is a preferred method of dispute resolution compared to litigation or binding arbitration.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Han |first=Zheng |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781843341536500075 |title=Managing Foreign Research and Development in the People's Republic of China |publisher=Elsevier |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84334-153-6 |editor-last=Rowley |editor-first=Chris |pages=117–166 |language=en |chapter=Managing intellectual property rights |doi=10.1016/b978-1-84334-153-6.50007-5 |access-date=2024-09-17}}</ref> They select a conciliator by mutual consent<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Pragnya Paramita |date=2023 |title=Nature of Conciliation Process and Conciliator's Duties and Power |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/injlolw10&div=276&id=&page= |journal=Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=1}}</ref> or through an appointing institution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Annandale |first=Christopher |date=1993 |title=Make Way for the Conciliator |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/intfinr12&div=29&id=&page= |journal=International Financial Law Review |volume=12 |pages=30}}</ref> The conciliator then gathers information to understand the concerns and objectives of each side.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Irvin |first=James |date=1969-01-01 |title=The Role of Law in the Negotiated Settlement of International Disputes |url=https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vjtl/vol3/iss1/8/ |journal=Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=58}}</ref> The conciliator helps the parties move toward a resolution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coe |first=Jack J. Jr |date=2005 |title=Toward a Complementary Use of Conciliation in Investor-State Disputes - A Preliminary Sketch |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ucdl12&div=7&id=&page= |journal=U.C. Davis Journal of International Law & Policy |volume=12 |pages=7}}</ref> In issues of international law this may include [[shuttle diplomacy]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=Flexibility in international dispute settlement: conciliation revisited |date=2020 |publisher=Brill Nijhoff |isbn=978-90-04-43311-3 |editor-last=Tomuschat |editor-first=Christian |location=Leiden Boston |editor-last2=Kohen |editor-first2=Marcelo G.}}</ref> | ||
Most successful "conciliators" are usually highly skilled negotiators.<ref name=":0" /> Some conciliators operate under the auspices of any one of several non-governmental entities,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=van der Linde |first1=Ada |title=Building Sustainable Peace: Conflict, Conciliation, and Civil Society in Northern Ghana |last2=Naylor |first2=Rachel |date=2001 |publisher=Oxfam |isbn=978-0-85598-423-6 |edition=2. Aufl |location=Oxford (UK)}}</ref> or for governmental agencies such as the [[Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (United States)|Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mareschal |first=Patrice M. |date=1998 |title=Insights from the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x9801800405 |journal=Review of Public Personnel Administration |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=55–67 |doi=10.1177/0734371x9801800405 |hdl=11244/25129 |issn=0734-371X|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Strimling |first=Andrea |date=2002 |title=The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service: A Partner in International Conflict Prevention |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/pepds2&div=24&id=&page= |journal=Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal |volume=2 |pages=417}}</ref> | Most successful "conciliators" are usually highly skilled negotiators.<ref name=":0" /> Some conciliators operate under the auspices of any one of several non-governmental entities,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=van der Linde |first1=Ada |title=Building Sustainable Peace: Conflict, Conciliation, and Civil Society in Northern Ghana |last2=Naylor |first2=Rachel |date=2001 |publisher=Oxfam |isbn=978-0-85598-423-6 |edition=2. Aufl |location=Oxford (UK)}}</ref> or for governmental agencies such as the [[Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (United States)|Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mareschal |first=Patrice M. |date=1998 |title=Insights from the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x9801800405 |journal=Review of Public Personnel Administration |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=55–67 |doi=10.1177/0734371x9801800405 |hdl=11244/25129 |issn=0734-371X|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Strimling |first=Andrea |date=2002 |title=The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service: A Partner in International Conflict Prevention |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/pepds2&div=24&id=&page= |journal=Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal |volume=2 |pages=417}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 02:21, 24 June 2025
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Sister project Template:Conflict resolution sidebar
Conciliation is an alternative dispute resolution process whereby the parties to a dispute rely on a neutral third-party known as the conciliator, to assist them in solving their dispute. The conciliator, who may meet with the parties both separately and together, does this by; lowering tensions, improving communication, interpreting issues, and assisting parties in finding a mutually acceptable outcome.
Unlike litigation or arbitration, conciliation is a voluntary, confidential, and flexible method aimed at resolving conflicts without the need for formal legal proceedings. The conciliation process has no legal standing and the decision made by the conciliator is not binding. The conciliator usually has no authority to seek evidence or call witnesses, usually writes no decision, and makes no award.
Conciliation process
The conciliation process begins when both parties agree to engage in it as a method of resolving a dispute.[1] There are multiple uses for this form of alternative dispute resolution including transnational intellectual property,[2] legislative assemblies,[3] peace efforts,[4] and other areas of community concern.[5][6] This can be either part of an outline contract that was handled before the dispute arose[7] or after a dispute arises.[8][9] Conciliation is a preferred method of dispute resolution compared to litigation or binding arbitration.[2] They select a conciliator by mutual consent[10] or through an appointing institution.[11] The conciliator then gathers information to understand the concerns and objectives of each side.[12] The conciliator helps the parties move toward a resolution.[13] In issues of international law this may include shuttle diplomacy.[12][14]
Most successful "conciliators" are usually highly skilled negotiators.[1] Some conciliators operate under the auspices of any one of several non-governmental entities,[15] or for governmental agencies such as the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service in the United States.[16][17]
References
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