FSO Syrena: Difference between revisions
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{{Redirect|Syrena}} | {{Redirect|Syrena}} | ||
{{More citations needed|date=April 2019}}{{Infobox automobile | {{More citations needed|date=April 2019}} | ||
| image = | {{Infobox automobile | ||
| caption = Syrena 105 | | name = FSO Syrena | ||
| image = Syrenki cropped.jpg | |||
| caption = FSM Syrena 105 and Syrena Bosto | |||
| manufacturer = {{ubl | | manufacturer = {{ubl | ||
| [[Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych|FSO]] ( | | [[Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych|FSO]] (1957–1972) | ||
| [[Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych|FSM]] (1972–1983) | | [[Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych|FSM]] (1972–1983) | ||
}} | |||
| production = | | production = March 1957 – June 1983<br>521,311 produced | ||
| | | assembly = [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]]<br />[[Bielsko-Biała]], [[Poland]] | ||
| | | designer = | ||
| body_style = {{ubl | | body_style = {{ubl | ||
| 2-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]] | | 2-door [[sedan (car)|saloon]] | ||
| [[panel van]] (Bosto) | | [[panel van]] (Bosto) | ||
| [[Pickup truck|pick-up truck]] (R20) | | [[Pickup truck|pick-up truck]] (R20) | ||
}} | |||
| layout = [[FF layout]] | |||
| related = | |||
| engine = {{ubl | | engine = {{ubl | ||
| 746 cc [[Two-stroke engine|two-stroke]] [[Straight-twin engine|I2]]<ref name = AlleAutosder50er/> (1956–1966) | | 746 cc [[Two-stroke engine|two-stroke]] [[Straight-twin engine|I2]]<ref name = AlleAutosder50er/> (1956–1966) | ||
| 842 cc [[Two-stroke engine|two-stroke]] [[straight-three engine|I3]] (1966–1983) | | 842 cc [[Two-stroke engine|two-stroke]] [[straight-three engine|I3]] (1966–1983) | ||
}} | |||
| transmission = 4-speed manual | | transmission = 4-speed manual | ||
| length = {{ | | wheelbase = {{cvt|2300|mm|in|1}} | ||
| width = {{ | | length = {{cvt|4030|mm|in|1}}<br>{{cvt|4080|mm|in|1}} | ||
| height = {{ | | width = {{cvt|1530|mm|in|1}} | ||
| weight = {{ | | height = {{cvt|1520|mm|in|1}} | ||
| weight = {{cvt|950|kg|lb|1}} | |||
| | | predecessor = | ||
| successor = | |||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Syrena''' | The '''FSO Syrena''' is a Polish [[automobile]] model first exhibited at [[Poznań International Fair|the Poznań Trade Fair]] in 1955<ref name=AlleAutosder50er>{{cite book |last=Gloor |first=Roger |title=Alle Autos der 50er Jahre 1945 – 1960|edition=1|year=2007 |publisher=Motorbuch Verlag |language = de | location=Stuttgart |isbn=978-3-613-02808-1}}</ref> and manufactured from 1957 to 1972 by the [[Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych]] (FSO) in [[Warsaw]] and from 1972 until 1983 by [[Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych]] in [[Bielsko-Biała]]. 177,234 were manufactured by FSO and 344,077 by FSM, a total of 521,311. During its remarkably long production run it underwent only minor modifications. | ||
The Syrena was produced in various models: '''100, 101, 102, 103, 104''', while the most popular model was the '''105'''. All were [[sedan (car)|two-door sedans]] with [[two-stroke]] engines, initially of two cylinders. In 1965 the Syrena received a larger [[Straight-three engine|three-cylinder]] engine. | The Syrena was produced in various models: '''100, 101, 102, 103, 104''', while the most popular model was the '''105'''. All were [[sedan (car)|two-door sedans]] with [[two-stroke]] engines, initially of two cylinders. In 1965 the Syrena received a larger [[Straight-three engine|three-cylinder]] engine. | ||
From 1968 a prototype model named | From 1968 a prototype model named laminat was produced. A van called Bosto and a pick-up called the R20 were also produced. A [[coupé]] [[Syrena Sport]] and a [[hatchback]] [[Syrena 110]] (in 1966) remained prototypes only. | ||
A | A [[Siren (mythology)|Siren]] is a [[mermaid]] who, according to the legend, protects the river [[Vistula]] and the Polish [[capital city]], [[Warsaw]]. She is featured on the city's coat of arms. Also a [[diminutive]] name Syrenka (little siren) is commonly used for the car in Poland. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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In September all of the prototypes took part in an experimental rally covering a distance of 5600 km. One of the cars, driven by Karol Pionnier, crashed, revealing the weak structure of the roof. As a result, the engineers decided to use steel instead of wood for this part of the car. One of the prototypes was exhibited at the Poznań Trade Fair in autumn 1955. On 20 March 1957 the mass production of Syrena 100 started. | In September all of the prototypes took part in an experimental rally covering a distance of 5600 km. One of the cars, driven by Karol Pionnier, crashed, revealing the weak structure of the roof. As a result, the engineers decided to use steel instead of wood for this part of the car. One of the prototypes was exhibited at the Poznań Trade Fair in autumn 1955. On 20 March 1957 the mass production of Syrena 100 started. | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
=== Syrena 100 === | === Syrena 100 === | ||
[[File:FSO Syrena 100 1960r..jpg|thumb|Syrena 100]] | [[File:FSO Syrena 100 1960r..jpg|thumb|FSO Syrena 100]] | ||
Syrena 100 was designed by engineers Stanislaw Lukasiewicz, Stanisław Panczakiewicz and Fryderyk Bluemke. The chassis and running gear was copied from the DKW. It was introduced to the public in June 1955 at the 24th Poznań Trade Fair. The car aroused much interest, which prompted the government to put it into production. At first, the production rate was to be 10,000 cars a year. Because of financial reasons, Syrena 100 and the much larger [[FSO Warszawa|Warszawa automobile]] shared many parts. As a result, the Syrena was much heavier than intended (950 kg). | |||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
=== Syrena 101 === | === Syrena 101 === | ||
[[File:FSO Syrena 101 in Muzeum Inżynierii Miejskiej in Kraków (2).JPG|thumb|Syrena 101]] | [[File:FSO Syrena 101 in Muzeum Inżynierii Miejskiej in Kraków (2).JPG|thumb|FSO Syrena 101]] | ||
In 1960 Syrena underwent a first, minor modernisation. The improved car had a pneumatic [[Fuel pump (engine)|fuel pump]] and a different type of [[carburetor]]. It also received new twin [[windscreen wiper]]s and a better suspension. | In 1960 Syrena underwent a first, minor modernisation. The improved car had a pneumatic [[Fuel pump (engine)|fuel pump]] and a different type of [[carburetor]]. It also received new twin [[windscreen wiper]]s and a better suspension. | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
=== Syrena 102 === | === Syrena 102 === | ||
[[File:Syrena 102.jpg|thumb|right|Syrena 102]] | [[File:Syrena 102.jpg|thumb|right|FSO Syrena 102]] | ||
The Syrena 102, produced in 1962 and 1963, had slightly different body details. The "S" version of this model shared an engine with [[ | The Syrena 102, produced in 1962 and 1963, had slightly different body details. The "S" version of this model shared an engine with [[Wartburg 311#Wartburg 312|Wartburg 312]]. Around 150 examples of Syrena 102S were produced. | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
=== Syrena 103 === | === Syrena 103 === | ||
[[File:FSO Syrena 103.JPG|thumb|right|Syrena 103 - original painting]] | [[File:FSO Syrena 103.JPG|thumb|right|FSO Syrena 103 - original painting]] | ||
Syrena 103 (1963–66) had a restyled front and a different engine. | Syrena 103 (1963–66) had a restyled front and a different engine. | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
=== Syrena 104 === | === Syrena 104 === | ||
[[File:Syrena 104.JPG|thumb|Syrena 104]] | [[File:FSO Syrena 104 during „XXX lat motoryzacji PRL” exhibition at Bonarka City Center in Kraków 2.JPG|thumb|FSO Syrena 104]] | ||
The next model lasted from 1966 to 1972. It had a new, three-cylinder engine, a [[Manual transmission#Synchromesh|synchronized gearbox]] and restyled tail lights. | The next model lasted from 1966 to 1972. It had a new, three-cylinder engine, a [[Manual transmission#Synchromesh|synchronized gearbox]] and restyled tail lights. | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
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The 105 was the last Syrena design.<ref name=abc>{{ cite web | url = http://www.abc.se/~m9805/eastcars/syrena/history.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200316105254/https://www.abc.se/~m9805/eastcars/syrena/history.html | archive-date = 2020-03-16 | title = History of Syrena | work = Kent Ekholms webbsidor | first = Jêdrzej | last = Lubicz }}</ref> It was produced from 1972 to 1983 by the [[Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych|FSM factory]] and was badged accordingly.<ref name=abc/> Unlike its predecessors it had regular front doors instead of [[suicide door|"suicide"]] ones. The "Lux" version, produced from 1974, had the gear lever and handbrake between the front seats. The 105 served as a basis for two other models – Syrena R-20, which was a pick-up and a van – Bosto. | The 105 was the last Syrena design.<ref name=abc>{{ cite web | url = http://www.abc.se/~m9805/eastcars/syrena/history.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200316105254/https://www.abc.se/~m9805/eastcars/syrena/history.html | archive-date = 2020-03-16 | title = History of Syrena | work = Kent Ekholms webbsidor | first = Jêdrzej | last = Lubicz }}</ref> It was produced from 1972 to 1983 by the [[Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych|FSM factory]] and was badged accordingly.<ref name=abc/> Unlike its predecessors it had regular front doors instead of [[suicide door|"suicide"]] ones. The "Lux" version, produced from 1974, had the gear lever and handbrake between the front seats. The 105 served as a basis for two other models – Syrena R-20, which was a pick-up and a van – Bosto. | ||
[[File:FSM Syrena R20 z 1981 roku.jpg|thumb| | [[File:FSM Syrena R20 z 1981 roku.jpg|thumb|FSM Syrena R-20]] | ||
A 1983 FSM Syrena 105L finished in [[yellow]] was featured in series 10 episode 10 of the [[Great Britain|British]] [[television]] program ''[[Wheeler Dealers]]''. Presenter [[Mike Brewer (television presenter)|Mike Brewer]] purchased the car in Poland for [[Polish złoty|zł]]7,000 (the equivalent of [[Pound sterling|£]]1,400) and drove it back to the show's UK-based workshop where it underwent repairs and upgrades by mechanic [[Edd China]]. The colour was changed to red and white in homage to the Polish flag. Other work included upgrades to the steering box, refurbishing the drum brakes, replacing the dynamo with an alternator and replacing the radio. The total cost of procuring and upgrading the car reached £5454. The completed car was driven to the Polish embassy where ambassador [[Witold Sobków]] took a ride with them. The car was later sold for £8,000 to the [[bubble car]] museum in [[Lincolnshire]]. | A 1983 FSM Syrena 105L finished in [[yellow]] was featured in series 10 episode 10 of the [[Great Britain|British]] [[television]] program ''[[Wheeler Dealers]]''. Presenter [[Mike Brewer (television presenter)|Mike Brewer]] purchased the car in Poland for [[Polish złoty|zł]]7,000 (the equivalent of [[Pound sterling|£]]1,400) and drove it back to the show's UK-based workshop where it underwent repairs and upgrades by mechanic [[Edd China]]. The colour was changed to red and white in homage to the Polish flag. Other work included upgrades to the steering box, refurbishing the drum brakes, replacing the dynamo with an alternator and replacing the radio. The total cost of procuring and upgrading the car reached £5454. The completed car was driven to the Polish embassy where ambassador [[Witold Sobków]] took a ride with them. The car was later sold for £8,000 to the [[bubble car]] museum in [[Lincolnshire]]. | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
== | == Syrena Bosto == | ||
[[File: | [[File:Classic Moto Show (102).JPG|thumb|FSM Syrena Bosto]] | ||
The Syrena Bosto [[panel van]] and its pickup truck sister, the Syrena R-20, were first introduced to the 104 models of the Syrena. The name is an acronym of ''Bielski Osobowo-Towarowy'', or "Passenger-Cargo [car] of Bielsko." The first model of the Bosto was revealed in December 1971, at the newly constructed [[Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych|FSM]] factory in [[Bielsko-Biala]] in southern [[Poland]]. The final model finished production 30 April 1983. Overall, approximately 135,000 Bostos were built. | The Syrena Bosto [[panel van]] and its pickup truck sister, the Syrena R-20, were first introduced to the 104 models of the Syrena. The name is an acronym of ''Bielski Osobowo-Towarowy'', or "Passenger-Cargo [car] of Bielsko." The first model of the Bosto was revealed in December 1971, at the newly constructed [[Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych|FSM]] factory in [[Bielsko-Biala]] in southern [[Poland]]. The final model finished production 30 April 1983. Overall, approximately 135,000 Bostos were built. | ||
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==Syrena Sport== | ==Syrena Sport== | ||
[[File: | [[File:Syrena Sport - Replika Żołądkowej Gorzkiej - Poznań Motor Show 2013.jpg|thumb|FSO Syrena Sport replica]] | ||
{{Main | {{Main|FSO Syrena Sport}} | ||
In 1960 a prototype Syrena Sport was produced with a fibreglass body and a four-stroke two-cylinder engine. However, this model was not put into production.<ref name=abc/> | In 1960 a prototype Syrena Sport was produced with a fibreglass body and a four-stroke two-cylinder engine. However, this model was not put into production.<ref name=abc/> | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
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*[[AMZ Syrenka]] (2014) | *[[AMZ Syrenka]] (2014) | ||
*[[List of Eastern European cars]] | *[[List of Eastern European cars]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== External links== | == External links == | ||
* [http://www.syrena.nekla.pl/ Syrena club] | * [http://www.syrena.nekla.pl/ Syrena club] | ||
* {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20120709151234/http://biega.com/syrena.html History of Warsaw's "Syrena" emblem]}} | * {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20120709151234/http://biega.com/syrena.html History of Warsaw's "Syrena" emblem]}} | ||
* [http://autohistories.org/fso/syrena.html Syrena on autohistories.org] | * [http://autohistories.org/fso/syrena.html Syrena on autohistories.org] | ||
[[Category:FSO vehicles|Syrena]] | [[Category:FSO vehicles|Syrena]] | ||
[[Category:Science and technology in Poland]] | [[Category:Science and technology in Poland]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:12, 17 October 2025
Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:More citations needed Template:Main other Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
The FSO Syrena is a Polish automobile model first exhibited at the Poznań Trade Fair in 1955[1] and manufactured from 1957 to 1972 by the Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych (FSO) in Warsaw and from 1972 until 1983 by Fabryka Samochodów Małolitrażowych in Bielsko-Biała. 177,234 were manufactured by FSO and 344,077 by FSM, a total of 521,311. During its remarkably long production run it underwent only minor modifications.
The Syrena was produced in various models: 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, while the most popular model was the 105. All were two-door sedans with two-stroke engines, initially of two cylinders. In 1965 the Syrena received a larger three-cylinder engine.
From 1968 a prototype model named laminat was produced. A van called Bosto and a pick-up called the R20 were also produced. A coupé Syrena Sport and a hatchback Syrena 110 (in 1966) remained prototypes only.
A Siren is a mermaid who, according to the legend, protects the river Vistula and the Polish capital city, Warsaw. She is featured on the city's coat of arms. Also a diminutive name Syrenka (little siren) is commonly used for the car in Poland.
History
At first, Polish engineers wanted Syrena to have a four-stroke air-cooled engine and a self-supporting chassis. But due to a lack of deep-drawn metal parts and cost reductions, the first Syrena 100 cars were supposed to have a wooden bodywork covered with leather-like material. The cars were powered by 2-stroke engines designed by engineer Fryderyk Bluemke. The first two prototypes of Syrena were made in December 1953. One – with a wooden framework, was constructed by Stanisław Panczakiewicz, while the second, steel-bodied car was made by Stanisław Łukaszewicz. They met halfway by combining the first car's design with the steel bodywork of the second one (with one exception – the roof remained wooden). By March 1955 FSO had built 5 prototypes of Syrena 100.
In September all of the prototypes took part in an experimental rally covering a distance of 5600 km. One of the cars, driven by Karol Pionnier, crashed, revealing the weak structure of the roof. As a result, the engineers decided to use steel instead of wood for this part of the car. One of the prototypes was exhibited at the Poznań Trade Fair in autumn 1955. On 20 March 1957 the mass production of Syrena 100 started.
Syrena 100
Syrena 100 was designed by engineers Stanislaw Lukasiewicz, Stanisław Panczakiewicz and Fryderyk Bluemke. The chassis and running gear was copied from the DKW. It was introduced to the public in June 1955 at the 24th Poznań Trade Fair. The car aroused much interest, which prompted the government to put it into production. At first, the production rate was to be 10,000 cars a year. Because of financial reasons, Syrena 100 and the much larger Warszawa automobile shared many parts. As a result, the Syrena was much heavier than intended (950 kg).
Syrena 101
.JPG){kind=link}
In 1960 Syrena underwent a first, minor modernisation. The improved car had a pneumatic fuel pump and a different type of carburetor. It also received new twin windscreen wipers and a better suspension.
Syrena 102
The Syrena 102, produced in 1962 and 1963, had slightly different body details. The "S" version of this model shared an engine with Wartburg 312. Around 150 examples of Syrena 102S were produced.
Syrena 103
Syrena 103 (1963–66) had a restyled front and a different engine.
Syrena 104
The next model lasted from 1966 to 1972. It had a new, three-cylinder engine, a synchronized gearbox and restyled tail lights.
Syrena 105
.JPG){kind=link}
The 105 was the last Syrena design.[2] It was produced from 1972 to 1983 by the FSM factory and was badged accordingly.[2] Unlike its predecessors it had regular front doors instead of "suicide" ones. The "Lux" version, produced from 1974, had the gear lever and handbrake between the front seats. The 105 served as a basis for two other models – Syrena R-20, which was a pick-up and a van – Bosto.
A 1983 FSM Syrena 105L finished in yellow was featured in series 10 episode 10 of the British television program Wheeler Dealers. Presenter Mike Brewer purchased the car in Poland for zł7,000 (the equivalent of £1,400) and drove it back to the show's UK-based workshop where it underwent repairs and upgrades by mechanic Edd China. The colour was changed to red and white in homage to the Polish flag. Other work included upgrades to the steering box, refurbishing the drum brakes, replacing the dynamo with an alternator and replacing the radio. The total cost of procuring and upgrading the car reached £5454. The completed car was driven to the Polish embassy where ambassador Witold Sobków took a ride with them. The car was later sold for £8,000 to the bubble car museum in Lincolnshire.
Syrena Bosto
.JPG){kind=link}
The Syrena Bosto panel van and its pickup truck sister, the Syrena R-20, were first introduced to the 104 models of the Syrena. The name is an acronym of Bielski Osobowo-Towarowy, or "Passenger-Cargo [car] of Bielsko." The first model of the Bosto was revealed in December 1971, at the newly constructed FSM factory in Bielsko-Biala in southern Poland. The final model finished production 30 April 1983. Overall, approximately 135,000 Bostos were built.
The Bosto 104B started official production in 1972, and was available as a four-seater van, capable of carrying 200 kg of freight, or as a two-seater cab with a 350 kg load rating. The second edition, Syrena Bosto 105B, replaced the 104 in 1976. Essentially the same vehicle stylistically, the differences were in construction. Uprated semi-elliptical springs from the FSO Warszawa, an increased fuel tank borrowed from the FSO 125p, and the handbrake moved to the "standard" position between the front seats were the main modifications. As with the Syrena saloon the 3-cylinder, 2-stroke engine was mounted longitudinally in front of the front axle and powered the front wheels through a gearbox with driveshafts coming sideways out of it.
The driver's compartment was separated from the rear load space by a single sheet bulkhead, and additional roof-fixed netting. Because the Bosto was designed for heavy loads, as opposed to the sedan version of the Syrena, the suspension underneath was modified. An extended chassis held a rear trailing axle on leaf suspension, each with a hydraulic suspension damper. This allowed a lower floor level, and in turn allowed FSM to borrow directly parts from the Zuk A05/A06.
Dimensions
Weight: 950 kg Wheelbase: 2300mm Length: 39650mm Rear Compartment: H-1600 mm x W-1470 mm
Syrena Sport
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In 1960 a prototype Syrena Sport was produced with a fibreglass body and a four-stroke two-cylinder engine. However, this model was not put into production.[2]