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imported>BobKilcoyne Luke 17:6 |
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{{About|the tree|the town|Tel Shikmona}} | {{About|the tree|the town|Tel Shikmona}} | ||
[[File:Sycomoros old.jpg|thumb|Sycamine tree in the Land of Israel]] | [[File:Sycomoros old.jpg|thumb|Sycamine tree in the Land of Israel]] | ||
The '''sycamine tree''' ({{Langx|el|συκάμινος}} ''sykaminοs'')<ref>{{LSJ|suka/minos|συκάμινος|ref}}.</ref> is a tree mentioned in both classical [[Hebrew literature]] ([[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] 9:10;<ref>[[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1009.htm#9 9:9]</ref> [[Mishnah]] ''[[Demai (tractate)|Demai]]'' 1:1,<ref>[[Mishnah]] ''Demai'' [https://archive.org/details/DanbyMishnah/page/n49/mode/1up 1:1] (p. 20 in [[Herbert Danby|Danby]]'s edition)</ref> ''et al.'') and in Greek literature.{{refn|group=Note|In the [[dative case]] form of the word, i.e. {{lang|grc|συκαμίνῳ}} ''sykaminōi''}} The tree is also known by the names '''sycamore fig tree''' (''[[Ficus sycomorus]]''), and '''fig-mulberry'''. It appears also in [[ | The '''sycamine tree''' ({{Langx|el|συκάμινος}} ''sykaminοs'')<ref>{{LSJ|suka/minos|συκάμινος|ref}}.</ref> is a tree mentioned in both classical [[Hebrew literature]] ([[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] 9:10;<ref>[[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] [https://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1009.htm#9 9:9]</ref> [[Mishnah]] ''[[Demai (tractate)|Demai]]'' 1:1,<ref>[[Mishnah]] ''Demai'' [https://archive.org/details/DanbyMishnah/page/n49/mode/1up 1:1] (p. 20 in [[Herbert Danby|Danby]]'s edition)</ref> ''et al.'') and in Greek literature.{{refn|group=Note|In the [[dative case]] form of the word, i.e. {{lang|grc|συκαμίνῳ}} ''sykaminōi''}} The tree is also known by the names '''sycamore fig tree''' (''[[Ficus sycomorus]]''), and '''fig-mulberry'''. It appears also in [[Luke 17#Verse 6|Luke 17:6]] and [[Luke 19|19:4]] of the [[Christian Bible|Bible]]. The Hebrew word for the tree is ''shiḳmah'' (sing.) ({{Langx|he|'''שקמה'''}}), ''shiḳmīn'' (pl.) ({{Langx|he|'''שקמין'''}}),<ref>[[Zohar Amar|Amar, Z.]] (2015). ''Flora and Fauna in Maimonides' Teachings'', Kfar Darom {{OCLC|783455868}}, pp. 161–162 (in Hebrew)</ref> having nearly the same phonemes in Greek ({{lang|grc|συκομορέα}} ''sykomorea'').<ref>{{LSJ|sukomore/a|συκoμορέα|shortref}}.</ref> Other translations, however, identify the tree as [[mulberry]] tree,<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|17:6|ESV}}: [[English Standard Version]]</ref> found in two species, the [[Black Mulberry]] (''Morus nigra'') and the [[White Mulberry]] (''Morus alba''), which are common in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. It is in the same [[family (biology)|family]] as the [[ficus|fig]]-tree. | ||
<blockquote>The bricks are fallen, but we will build with hewn stones; the [[Ficus sycomorus|sycamores]] are cut down, but cedars will we put in their place.<ref>Isaiah 9:9</ref></blockquote> | <blockquote>The bricks are fallen, but we will build with hewn stones; the [[Ficus sycomorus|sycamores]] are cut down, but cedars will we put in their place.<ref>Isaiah 9:9</ref></blockquote> | ||
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The sycamine is a [[deciduous]] to semi-deciduous tree and sheds its fruit in a prolific manner, by reason of which the [[Chazal|Sages of Israel]] prohibited a Jewish planter from planting such trees within the radius of 50 [[Cubit#Biblical cubit|cubits]] from his neighbor's [[Well|cistern]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishnah |author-link=Mishnah |title=The Mishnah |date=1977 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-19-815402-X |editor-last=Herbert Danby |editor-link=Herbert Danby |edition=12th |location=Oxford |language=English}}, s.v. [[Baba Bathra]] [https://archive.org/details/DanbyMishnah/page/n397/mode/1up 2:11]</ref> | The sycamine is a [[deciduous]] to semi-deciduous tree and sheds its fruit in a prolific manner, by reason of which the [[Chazal|Sages of Israel]] prohibited a Jewish planter from planting such trees within the radius of 50 [[Cubit#Biblical cubit|cubits]] from his neighbor's [[Well|cistern]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishnah |author-link=Mishnah |title=The Mishnah |date=1977 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-19-815402-X |editor-last=Herbert Danby |editor-link=Herbert Danby |edition=12th |location=Oxford |language=English}}, s.v. [[Baba Bathra]] [https://archive.org/details/DanbyMishnah/page/n397/mode/1up 2:11]</ref> | ||
All sycamines that currently grow in the [[Land of Israel]] (''Ficus sycomorus'') are believed to be invasive species, but which are now cultivated in Israel. The tree is native to [[East Africa]]. It is thought that the species was once endemic to the Land of Israel.<ref>Avi Shmida, ''MAPA's Dictionary of Plants and Flowers in Israel'', Tel Aviv 2005, pp. 473, 482, 422 (s.v. Ficus sycomorus) (Hebrew) {{OCLC|716569354}}</ref> Another species of sycamine endemic to the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia and Yemen is ''[[Ficus vasta]]''.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Amar |first1=Z. |title=Mittuv Yosef – Yosef Tobi Jubilee Volume, The Jews of Yemen: History and Culture |volume=2 |page=15 |year=2011 |editor-last=Ayelet Oettinger |editor-last2=Danny Bar-Maoz |chapter=The Yemenite Commentary of Rabbi Nathan, President of the Academy, on the Identification of Flora in the Mishnah |place=Haifa |publisher=[[University of Haifa]] (Center for the Study of Jewish Culture in Spain and in Islamic Countries) |language=he |oclc=713933314 |last2=Kapah |first2=E. |author-link1=Zohar Amar}}, citing J.R.I. Wood (1997), ''A Handbook of the Yemen Flora'', Aylesbury, UK</ref> | All sycamines that currently grow in the [[Land of Israel]] (''Ficus sycomorus'') are believed to be [[invasive species]], but which are now cultivated in Israel. The tree is native to [[East Africa]]. It is thought that the species was once endemic to the Land of Israel.<ref>Avi Shmida, ''MAPA's Dictionary of Plants and Flowers in Israel'', Tel Aviv 2005, pp. 473, 482, 422 (s.v. Ficus sycomorus) (Hebrew) {{OCLC|716569354}}</ref> Another species of sycamine endemic to the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia and Yemen is ''[[Ficus vasta]]''.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Amar |first1=Z. |title=Mittuv Yosef – Yosef Tobi Jubilee Volume, The Jews of Yemen: History and Culture |volume=2 |page=15 |year=2011 |editor-last=Ayelet Oettinger |editor-last2=Danny Bar-Maoz |chapter=The Yemenite Commentary of Rabbi Nathan, President of the Academy, on the Identification of Flora in the Mishnah |place=Haifa |publisher=[[University of Haifa]] (Center for the Study of Jewish Culture in Spain and in Islamic Countries) |language=he |oclc=713933314 |last2=Kapah |first2=E. |author-link1=Zohar Amar}}, citing J.R.I. Wood (1997), ''A Handbook of the Yemen Flora'', Aylesbury, UK</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 05:35, 5 October 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about".
The sycamine tree (Template:Langx sykaminοs)[1] is a tree mentioned in both classical Hebrew literature (Isaiah 9:10;[2] Mishnah Demai 1:1,[3] et al.) and in Greek literature.Template:Refn The tree is also known by the names sycamore fig tree (Ficus sycomorus), and fig-mulberry. It appears also in Luke 17:6 and 19:4 of the Bible. The Hebrew word for the tree is shiḳmah (sing.) (Template:Langx), shiḳmīn (pl.) (Template:Langx),[4] having nearly the same phonemes in Greek (Script error: No such module "Lang". sykomorea).[5] Other translations, however, identify the tree as mulberry tree,[6] found in two species, the Black Mulberry (Morus nigra) and the White Mulberry (Morus alba), which are common in Palestine. It is in the same family as the fig-tree.
The bricks are fallen, but we will build with hewn stones; the sycamores are cut down, but cedars will we put in their place.[7]
The trees were once very common along the lowlands and coastal plains of Israel.[8] During the Second Temple period, sycamore fig trees grew in Jericho, but when passers-by would come along and appropriate the tree branches unto themselves, the owners came and dedicated the trees, in their entirety, to the Temple treasury as a dedicatory offering in order to prevent their theft.[9]
The sycamine is a deciduous to semi-deciduous tree and sheds its fruit in a prolific manner, by reason of which the Sages of Israel prohibited a Jewish planter from planting such trees within the radius of 50 cubits from his neighbor's cistern.[10]
All sycamines that currently grow in the Land of Israel (Ficus sycomorus) are believed to be invasive species, but which are now cultivated in Israel. The tree is native to East Africa. It is thought that the species was once endemic to the Land of Israel.[11] Another species of sycamine endemic to the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia and Yemen is Ficus vasta.[12]
Notes
References
Template:Reflist Template:Eastons
- ↑ Template:LSJ.
- ↑ Isaiah 9:9
- ↑ Mishnah Demai 1:1 (p. 20 in Danby's edition)
- ↑ Amar, Z. (2015). Flora and Fauna in Maimonides' Teachings, Kfar Darom Template:OCLC, pp. 161–162 (in Hebrew)
- ↑ Template:LSJ.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".: English Standard Version
- ↑ Isaiah 9:9
- ↑ Tosefta Shevi'it 7:11; cf. II Chronicles 1:15, 9:27
- ↑ Babylonian Talmud (Pesahim 57a)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., s.v. Baba Bathra 2:11
- ↑ Avi Shmida, MAPA's Dictionary of Plants and Flowers in Israel, Tel Aviv 2005, pp. 473, 482, 422 (s.v. Ficus sycomorus) (Hebrew) Template:OCLC
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"., citing J.R.I. Wood (1997), A Handbook of the Yemen Flora, Aylesbury, UK