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{{Short description|Jewish Christian disciple | {{Short description|Jewish Christian disciple}} | ||
{{About|the Biblical figure}} | {{About|the Biblical figure}} | ||
{{Infobox saint | {{Infobox saint | ||
| honorific_prefix = [[Saint]] | | honorific_prefix = [[Saint]] | ||
| name = Zacchaeus | | name = Zacchaeus | ||
| honorific_suffix = | | honorific_suffix = | ||
| image = Palestine Jericho5 tango7174.jpg | | image = Palestine Jericho5 tango7174.jpg | ||
| imagesize = 230px | | imagesize = 230px | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| caption = The Tax Collector and Bishop of Caesarea | | caption = The Tax Collector and Bishop of Caesarea | ||
| titles = [[Bishop]] of [[Caesarea in Palaestina (diocese)|Caesarea]] | | titles = [[Bishop]] of [[Caesarea in Palaestina (diocese)|Caesarea]] | ||
| birth_name = | | birth_name = | ||
| birth_date = | | birth_date = | ||
| birth_place = | | birth_place = | ||
| home_town = [[Jericho]] | | home_town = [[Jericho]] | ||
| residence = [[Caesarea (modern town)|Caesarea]] | | residence = [[Caesarea (modern town)|Caesarea]] | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| venerated_in = [[Catholic Church]]<br>[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Church]] | | venerated_in = [[Catholic Church]]<br>[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Church]] | ||
| canonized_date = [[Pre-Congregation]] | | canonized_date = [[Pre-Congregation]] | ||
| canonized_place = | | canonized_place = | ||
| canonized_by = | | canonized_by = | ||
| major_shrine = | | major_shrine = | ||
| feast_day = 20 April | | feast_day = 20 April | ||
| attributes = Bearded man holding a [[Ficus sycomorus|sycamore]] branch | | attributes = Bearded man holding a [[Ficus sycomorus|sycamore]] branch | ||
| patronage = | | patronage = | ||
| issues = | | issues = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Zacchaeus''' (sometimes spelled '''Zaccheus'''; {{langx|grc|Ζακχαῖος}}, ''{{Transliteration|grc|Zakchaîos}}''; {{langx|syc|ܙܰܟ݁ܰܝ|Zakay}}, "pure, innocent")<ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Jim|title=Lexicon :: Strong's G2195 - Zakchaios |url=http://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G2195 |work=Blue Letter Bible |publisher=Sowing Circle}}</ref> | '''Zacchaeus''' (sometimes spelled '''Zaccheus'''; {{langx|grc|Ζακχαῖος}}, ''{{Transliteration|grc|Zakchaîos}}''; {{langx|syc|ܙܰܟ݁ܰܝ|Zakay}}, "pure, innocent")<ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Jim|title=Lexicon :: Strong's G2195 - Zakchaios |url=http://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=G2195 |work=Blue Letter Bible |publisher=Sowing Circle}}</ref> is a character in the [[Gospel of Luke]], a chief [[publican|tax-collector]] at [[Jericho]]. His story includes his faith in climbing a [[Ficus sycomorus|sycamore tree]] to see [[Jesus]] and also his generosity in giving away half of all he possessed.<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|19:1-10|KJV}}</ref> | ||
Tax collectors were despised as traitors (working for the [[Roman Empire]], not for their Jewish community), and as being [[corruption|corrupt]]. | |||
Because the lucrative production and export of [[balsam]] was centered in Jericho, | Because the lucrative production and export of [[balsam]] was centered in Jericho, such a position would have brought both importance and wealth.<ref>Morris, Leon. ''Luke: An Introduction and Commentary''. Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1988. p. 297.</ref><ref name="Stier1861">{{Cite book |author=Rudolf Stier |year=1861 |title=The Words of the Lord Jesus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pJ8UAAAAQAAJ&q=editions:K1JnOCf_F5UC |volume=4 |translator=William Burt Pope |page=314}}</ref> In the account, he arrived before the crowd who were later to meet with [[Jesus]], who was passing through Jericho on his way to Jerusalem. He was short in stature and so was unable to see Jesus through the crowd ([[Luke 19]]:3). Zacchaeus then ran ahead and climbed a sycamore tree along Jesus's path. When Jesus reached the spot he looked up at the sycamore tree (actually a sycamore-fig ''[[Ficus sycomorus]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/sycamore/ |title=Bible Study Tools - Sycamore Definition and Meaning |author=<!--Not stated--> |department=www.biblestudytools.com |publisher=Salem Media Group |access-date=17 February 2018}}</ref>), addressed Zacchaeus by name, and told him to come down, for he intended to visit his house. The crowd was shocked that Jesus, a religious teacher and prophet, would sully himself by being a guest of a sinner. | ||
==Later traditions== | ==Later traditions== | ||
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At Er-riha (Jericho) there is a large, venerable looking square tower, which by tradition is named the House of Zacchaeus.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}{{dubious|Probably a medieval pilgrim's statement? Quite certainly not contemporary. ESSENTIAL to indicate when from!|date=February 2016}} | At Er-riha (Jericho) there is a large, venerable looking square tower, which by tradition is named the House of Zacchaeus.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}{{dubious|Probably a medieval pilgrim's statement? Quite certainly not contemporary. ESSENTIAL to indicate when from!|date=February 2016}} | ||
[[Clement of Alexandria]] refers once to Zacchaeus in a way which could be read as suggesting that some identified him with apostle [[Matthew the Apostle|Matthew]] or [[Saint Matthias|Matthias]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02104.htm Stromata] Book 4 Ch 6 The New Advent Translation says "It is said, therefore, that Zaccheus, or, according to some, Matthew, the chief of the publicans, on hearing that the Lord had deigned to come to him, said, Lord, and if I have taken anything by false accusation, I restore him fourfold;" but the [http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/pgm/PG_Migne/Clement%20of%20Alexandria_PG%2008-09/Stromata.pdf Greek] has 4.6.35.2 Ζακχαῖον τοίνυν, οἳ δὲ Ματθίαν φασίν, ἀρχιτελώνην, ἀκηκοότα τοῦ κυρίου καταξιώσαντος πρὸς αὐτὸν γενέσθαι, ἰδοὺ τὰ ἡμίση τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μου δίδωμι ἐλεημοσύνην φάναι, κύριε, καὶ εἴ τινός τι ἐσυκοφάντησα, τετραπλοῦν ἀποδίδωμι. ἐφ' οὗ καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ εἶπεν· can just about be read as "by some said to be Matthias")</ref> However, Luke indicates that Matthias was with Jesus in the beginning since the baptism of John ([[Acts 1:21–22]]). | [[Clement of Alexandria]] refers once to Zacchaeus in a way which could be read as suggesting that some identified him with apostle [[Matthew the Apostle|Matthew]] or [[Saint Matthias|Matthias]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02104.htm Stromata] Book 4 Ch 6 The New Advent Translation says "It is said, therefore, that Zaccheus, or, according to some, Matthew, the chief of the publicans, on hearing that the Lord had deigned to come to him, said, Lord, and if I have taken anything by false accusation, I restore him fourfold;" but the [http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/pgm/PG_Migne/Clement%20of%20Alexandria_PG%2008-09/Stromata.pdf Greek] has 4.6.35.2 Ζακχαῖον τοίνυν, οἳ δὲ Ματθίαν φασίν, ἀρχιτελώνην, ἀκηκοότα τοῦ κυρίου καταξιώσαντος πρὸς αὐτὸν γενέσθαι, ἰδοὺ τὰ ἡμίση τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μου δίδωμι ἐλεημοσύνην φάναι, κύριε, καὶ εἴ τινός τι ἐσυκοφάντησα, τετραπλοῦν ἀποδίδωμι. ἐφ' οὗ καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ εἶπεν· can just about be read as "by some said to be Matthias")</ref> However, Luke indicates that Matthias was with Jesus in the beginning since the baptism of John ([[Acts 1:21–22]]). | ||
Because John preached the giving away of one's excess possessions in Luke 3:7–14, this could explain the generosity of Little Zacchaeus. John also told us that later, many of Jesus' disciples turned back and no longer followed him ([[S:Bible (American Standard)/John#6:60|John 6:60–66]]). The later [[Apostolic Constitutions]] identify "Zacchaeus the Publican" as the first bishop of [[Caesarea Maritima#Early Christian centre|Caesarea]] (7.46). | Because John preached the giving away of one's excess possessions in Luke 3:7–14, this could explain the generosity of Little Zacchaeus. John also told us that later, many of Jesus' disciples turned back and no longer followed him ([[S:Bible (American Standard)/John#6:60|John 6:60–66]]). The later [[Apostolic Constitutions]] identify "Zacchaeus the Publican" as the first bishop of [[Caesarea Maritima#Early Christian centre|Caesarea]] (7.46). | ||
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==Liturgical practices== | ==Liturgical practices== | ||
[[Image:33 Nedelya po 50ce 14.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Jesus invites Zacchaeus to come down from the sycamore tree, 11th century Veneto-[[Byzantine mosaics|Byzantine mosaic]] from Saint Mark's Basilica]] | [[Image:33 Nedelya po 50ce 14.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Jesus invites Zacchaeus to come down from the sycamore tree, 11th century Veneto-[[Byzantine mosaics|Byzantine mosaic]] from Saint Mark's Basilica]] | ||
In [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Greek-Catholic]] Churches, the Gospel account of Zacchaeus is read on the penultimate Sunday of the [[Pre-Lenten Season]] preceding the start [[Great Lent]], for which reason that Sunday is known as "Zacchaeus Sunday". It is the first commemoration of a new [[Paschal cycle]]. The account was chosen to open the Lenten season because of two [[exegesis|exegetical]] aspects: Jesus's call to Zacchaeus to come down from the tree (symbolizing the divine call to humility), and Zacchaeus's subsequent repentance. On years when Pascha, and hence Lent, falls very early the Sunday of the Canaanite woman is dropped and the Sunday of Zaccheaus falls immediately before Great Lent. However in some Eastern churches of the Greek | In [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Greek-Catholic]] Churches, the Gospel account of Zacchaeus is read on the penultimate Sunday of the [[Pre-Lenten Season]] preceding the start [[Great Lent]], for which reason that Sunday is known as "Zacchaeus Sunday". It is the first commemoration of a new [[Paschal cycle]]. The account was chosen to open the Lenten season because of two [[exegesis|exegetical]] aspects: Jesus's call to Zacchaeus to come down from the tree (symbolizing the divine call to humility), and Zacchaeus's subsequent repentance. On years when Pascha, and hence Lent, falls very early the Sunday of the Canaanite woman is dropped and the Sunday of Zaccheaus falls immediately before Great Lent. However in some Eastern churches of the Greek tradition, Zacchaeus Sunday is instead dropped and does not form part of the Lental cycle for that year. In the Russian tradition, Zacchaeus Sunday always immediately precedes Great Lent having exchanged places with the Sunday of the Canaanite Woman. | ||
In Western Christianity, the gospel pericope concerning Zacchaeus is the reading for a [[Dedication (ritual)|Dedication]] of a Church or its anniversary. In Southern [[Bavaria]], a red banner with a white cross may be flown outside a Church on its [[Kirchweih|anniversary]], which is consequently called the Zacchaeus flag. | In Western Christianity, the gospel pericope concerning Zacchaeus is the reading for a [[Dedication (ritual)|Dedication]] of a Church or its anniversary. In Southern [[Bavaria]], a red banner with a white cross may be flown outside a Church on its [[Kirchweih|anniversary]], which is consequently called the Zacchaeus flag. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Luke 19]] | * [[Luke 19]] | ||
*The [[naked fugitive]] | * The [[naked fugitive]] | ||
*[[Paschal cycle]] | * [[Paschal cycle]] | ||
*[[Zacchaeus (song)]] | * [[Zacchaeus (song)]] | ||
*[[Zacchaeus of Jerusalem]] | * [[Zacchaeus of Jerusalem]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
*{{EBD|Zacchaeus}} | * {{EBD|Zacchaeus}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*{{Commons category-inline|Zacchaeus}} | * {{Commons category-inline|Zacchaeus}} | ||
{{s-start}} | {{s-start}} | ||
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[[Category:Followers of Jesus]] | [[Category:Followers of Jesus]] | ||
[[Category:Saints from the Holy Land]] | [[Category:Saints from the Holy Land]] | ||
[[Category:Gospel of Luke]] | [[Category:People in the Gospel of Luke]] | ||
[[Category:People from Jericho]] | [[Category:People from Jericho]] | ||
[[Category:Tax collectors]] | [[Category:Tax collectors]] | ||
[[Category:Trees in Christianity]] | [[Category:Trees in Christianity]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:59, 24 October 2025
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Zacchaeus (sometimes spelled Zaccheus; Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "lang".; Template:Langx, "pure, innocent")[1] is a character in the Gospel of Luke, a chief tax-collector at Jericho. His story includes his faith in climbing a sycamore tree to see Jesus and also his generosity in giving away half of all he possessed.[2]
Tax collectors were despised as traitors (working for the Roman Empire, not for their Jewish community), and as being corrupt.
Because the lucrative production and export of balsam was centered in Jericho, such a position would have brought both importance and wealth.[3][4] In the account, he arrived before the crowd who were later to meet with Jesus, who was passing through Jericho on his way to Jerusalem. He was short in stature and so was unable to see Jesus through the crowd (Luke 19:3). Zacchaeus then ran ahead and climbed a sycamore tree along Jesus's path. When Jesus reached the spot he looked up at the sycamore tree (actually a sycamore-fig Ficus sycomorus[5]), addressed Zacchaeus by name, and told him to come down, for he intended to visit his house. The crowd was shocked that Jesus, a religious teacher and prophet, would sully himself by being a guest of a sinner.
Later traditions
At Er-riha (Jericho) there is a large, venerable looking square tower, which by tradition is named the House of Zacchaeus.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Clement of Alexandria refers once to Zacchaeus in a way which could be read as suggesting that some identified him with apostle Matthew or Matthias.[6] However, Luke indicates that Matthias was with Jesus in the beginning since the baptism of John (Acts 1:21–22). Because John preached the giving away of one's excess possessions in Luke 3:7–14, this could explain the generosity of Little Zacchaeus. John also told us that later, many of Jesus' disciples turned back and no longer followed him (John 6:60–66). The later Apostolic Constitutions identify "Zacchaeus the Publican" as the first bishop of Caesarea (7.46).
Medieval legend identified Zacchaeus with Saint Amadour, and held him to be the founder of the French sanctuary, Rocamadour.
Liturgical practices
In Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic Churches, the Gospel account of Zacchaeus is read on the penultimate Sunday of the Pre-Lenten Season preceding the start Great Lent, for which reason that Sunday is known as "Zacchaeus Sunday". It is the first commemoration of a new Paschal cycle. The account was chosen to open the Lenten season because of two exegetical aspects: Jesus's call to Zacchaeus to come down from the tree (symbolizing the divine call to humility), and Zacchaeus's subsequent repentance. On years when Pascha, and hence Lent, falls very early the Sunday of the Canaanite woman is dropped and the Sunday of Zaccheaus falls immediately before Great Lent. However in some Eastern churches of the Greek tradition, Zacchaeus Sunday is instead dropped and does not form part of the Lental cycle for that year. In the Russian tradition, Zacchaeus Sunday always immediately precedes Great Lent having exchanged places with the Sunday of the Canaanite Woman.
In Western Christianity, the gospel pericope concerning Zacchaeus is the reading for a Dedication of a Church or its anniversary. In Southern Bavaria, a red banner with a white cross may be flown outside a Church on its anniversary, which is consequently called the Zacchaeus flag.
See also
References
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".
- ↑ Morris, Leon. Luke: An Introduction and Commentary. Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1988. p. 297.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Stromata Book 4 Ch 6 The New Advent Translation says "It is said, therefore, that Zaccheus, or, according to some, Matthew, the chief of the publicans, on hearing that the Lord had deigned to come to him, said, Lord, and if I have taken anything by false accusation, I restore him fourfold;" but the Greek has 4.6.35.2 Ζακχαῖον τοίνυν, οἳ δὲ Ματθίαν φασίν, ἀρχιτελώνην, ἀκηκοότα τοῦ κυρίου καταξιώσαντος πρὸς αὐτὸν γενέσθαι, ἰδοὺ τὰ ἡμίση τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μου δίδωμι ἐλεημοσύνην φάναι, κύριε, καὶ εἴ τινός τι ἐσυκοφάντησα, τετραπλοῦν ἀποδίδωμι. ἐφ' οὗ καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ εἶπεν· can just about be read as "by some said to be Matthias")
- Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
External links
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Categories:
- Pages with script errors
- Pages with broken file links
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from Easton's Bible Dictionary
- Bishops of Caesarea
- Biblical Jericho
- Christian saints from the New Testament
- Followers of Jesus
- Saints from the Holy Land
- People in the Gospel of Luke
- People from Jericho
- Tax collectors
- Trees in Christianity