Edmond Hoyle: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|English writer (1672–1769)}} | {{Short description|English writer (1672–1769)}} | ||
{{ | {{Redirect|According to Hoyle|the 1922 film|According to Hoyle (film)|the 1995 play|William Gaminara}} | ||
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} | ||
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| image = <!-- Please consider carefully, as existing supposed images of Hoyle are unverified. --> | | image = <!-- Please consider carefully, as existing supposed images of Hoyle are unverified. --> | ||
| known_for = English [[card game]] authority, "the Father of [[whist]]" | | known_for = English [[card game]] authority, "the Father of [[whist]]" | ||
| birth_date= {{Birth | | birth_date= {{Birth date text|1672}} | ||
| birth_place= England | | birth_place= England | ||
| death_date= {{Death date and given age|1769|8|29|97}} | | death_date= {{Death date and given age|1769|8|29|97}} | ||
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==Life== | ==Life== | ||
Little is known about Hoyle's early life prior to publication of his books. Much of what is written about him is untrue or exaggerated.<ref>{{cite web|last=Levy|first=David|title=Was Hoyle a Careless Editor?|date=23 June 2011|url=http://edmondhoyle.blogspot.com/2011/06/was-hoyle-careless-editor.html|access-date=24 June 2011}}</ref> The suggestion that he trained at [[Bar (law)|the bar]] is not known to be true.<ref name="JulianMarshall">{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=Julian|title=Books on Gaming|journal=[[Notes and Queries]]|date=22 June 1889|series=7|issue=VII|pages=481–2|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_notes-and-queries_1889-06-22_7_182/page/481/mode/1up|via=[[Archive.org]]}}</ref> | Little is known about Hoyle's early life prior to publication of his books. Much of what is written about him is untrue or exaggerated.<ref>{{cite web|last=Levy|first=David|title=Was Hoyle a Careless Editor?|date=23 June 2011|url=http://edmondhoyle.blogspot.com/2011/06/was-hoyle-careless-editor.html|access-date=24 June 2011}}</ref> The suggestion that he trained at [[Bar (law)|the bar]] is not known to be true.<ref name="JulianMarshall">{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=Julian|title=Books on Gaming|journal=[[Notes and Queries]]|date=22 June 1889|series=7|issue=VII|pages=481–2|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_notes-and-queries_1889-06-22_7_182/page/481/mode/1up|via=[[Archive.org]]}}</ref> | ||
Hoyle died at age 97 on 29 August 1769 on Wellbank Street (today [[Welbeck Street]]), [[Cavendish Square]], London.<ref>{{list journal |work=[[The London Chronicle]] |volume=XXVI |issue=1983 |date=29-31 August 1769 |pages=215 |via=[[NewspaperArchive]]}}</ref> | Hoyle died at age 97 on 29 August 1769 on Wellbank Street (today [[Welbeck Street]]), [[Cavendish Square]], London.<ref>{{list journal |work=[[The London Chronicle]] |volume=XXVI |issue=1983 |date=29-31 August 1769 |pages=215 |via=[[NewspaperArchive]]}}</ref> | ||
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The phrase ''according to Hoyle'' retains some currency in contemporary English, indicating 'correctly or properly; according to an authority or rule'.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.dictionary.com/browse/according--to--hoyle |title=Hoyle |at="Idioms for ''Hoyle''" entry |work=[[Random House Unabridged Dictionary]] |format=online database |date=2019 |via=[[Dictionary.com]] |access-date=9 November 2019}}.</ref> In [[American English]], ''a Hoyle'' can refer to any authoritative card-game rule book, in the same way that ''a [[Baedeker]]'' can refer to any travel guide.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | The phrase ''according to Hoyle'' retains some currency in contemporary English, indicating 'correctly or properly; according to an authority or rule'.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.dictionary.com/browse/according--to--hoyle |title=Hoyle |at="Idioms for ''Hoyle''" entry |work=[[Random House Unabridged Dictionary]] |format=online database |date=2019 |via=[[Dictionary.com]] |access-date=9 November 2019}}.</ref> In [[American English]], ''a Hoyle'' can refer to any authoritative card-game rule book, in the same way that ''a [[Baedeker]]'' can refer to any travel guide.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | ||
Many modern books of collected rule sets for card games (and sometimes other games, such as board games, billiards, etc.) contain the name "Hoyle" in their titles, but the moniker does not mean the works are directly derivative of Edmond Hoyle's (in much the same way that many modern dictionaries contain "Webster" in their titles without necessarily relating to the work of [[Noah Webster]]).{{ | Many modern books of collected rule sets for card games (and sometimes other games, such as board games, billiards, etc.) contain the name "Hoyle" in their titles, but the moniker does not mean the works are directly derivative of Edmond Hoyle's (in much the same way that many modern dictionaries contain "Webster" in their titles without necessarily relating to the work of [[Noah Webster]]).{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
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==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
{{ | {{wikisource|works=or}} | ||
* By a Gentleman (1743) [https://books.google.com/books?id=_PUIAAAAQAAJ ''A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist''], W. Webster, Bath and London | * By a Gentleman (1743) [https://books.google.com/books?id=_PUIAAAAQAAJ ''A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist''], W. Webster, Bath and London | ||
*Edmond Hoyle (1743) [https://books.google.com/books?id=vCFdAAAAcAAJ ''A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist''], 3rd ed., F. Cogan, London | *Edmond Hoyle (1743) [https://books.google.com/books?id=vCFdAAAAcAAJ ''A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist''], 3rd ed., F. Cogan, London | ||
Revision as of 16:25, 7 June 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image Edmond Hoyle (1672Template:Snd29 August 1769)[1] was an English writer best known for his works on the rules and play of card games. The phrase "according to Hoyle" (meaning "strictly according to the rules") came into the language as a reflection of his broadly perceived authority on the subject;[1] use of the phrase has since expanded to any appeal to a putative authority.
Life
Little is known about Hoyle's early life prior to publication of his books. Much of what is written about him is untrue or exaggerated.[2] The suggestion that he trained at the bar is not known to be true.[3]
Hoyle died at age 97 on 29 August 1769 on Wellbank Street (today Welbeck Street), Cavendish Square, London.[4]
Treatise on whist
By 1741, Hoyle began to tutor members of high society at the game of whist, selling his students a copy of his manuscript notes.[5] Hoyle expanded the manuscript and published A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist in 1742, selling it for the high price of one guinea.[6] When the book quickly sold out, rather than publish a new edition, Hoyle sold the rights to it to bookseller Francis Cogan for 100 guineas, an enormous sum for a small pamphlet.[6] Before Cogan was able to publish a second edition, two printers pirated the work, giving the author as "A Gentleman" rather than Hoyle. The printers disguised their identities by publishing under false names, one as Webster,[7] the other as Webb.[8] Cogan published second[9] and third[10] editions and two months later, obtained an injunction against the pirates which he announced in a fourth edition (all 1743).[11] To distinguish the genuine editions from the piracies, Cogan paid Hoyle two pence per copy to autograph the genuine works. The piracies were profitable to Hoyle, though a disaster for Cogan who was forced to lower the price of the book to match the pirates and to pay for Hoyle's signature.[6]
Superseded by new rules
The rules of whist published in A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist[12] were regarded as authoritative until 1864,[1] after which time they were superseded by the new rules[13] written by John Loraine Baldwin and adopted by the Arlington and Portland clubs.[1]
Other published works
Cogan published other works by Hoyle: A Short Treatise on the Game of Backgammon (1743),[14] An Artificial Memory for Whist (1744),[15] and more short treatises on the games of piquet and chess (1744)[16] and quadrille (1744).[17] Cogan became bankrupt in 1745 and sold the Hoyle copyrights to Thomas Osborne, who published Hoyle's treatises with much more success.[6]
Hoyle wrote a treatise on the game of brag (1751),[18] a book on probability theory (1754),[19] and one on chess (1761).[20] Over time, Hoyle's work pushed off the market Charles Cotton's ageing The Compleat Gamester, which had been considered the "standard" English-language reference work on the playing of games – especially gambling games – since its publication in 1674.[21]
Collected edition
In 1748, Osborne stopped publishing the individual treatises and instead sold a collected edition under the title Mr. Hoyle's Treatises of Whist, Quadrille, Piquet, Chess and Back-Gammon. The whist treatise was described as the eighth edition.[22] The fourteenth edition (1765) was the last published during Hoyle's lifetime.[23] Fifteenth[24] and sixteenth[25] editions appeared after his death, with the autograph reproduced by woodblock print.
Reprints
The books were frequently reprinted in Ireland, something that was permitted as the English copyright statute, the Statute of Anne, did not extend to Ireland. One edition was printed in Edinburgh.[26][27] Hoyle's writing was translated into many continental languages; first Portuguese (1753), then German (1754), French (1761), Italian (1768), Russian (1769), and Dutch (1790).[28]
Various facsimile and revised editions have appeared over the decades and centuries, often titled Hoyle's Rules or Hoyle's Games in English.[29]
Legacy and modern usage
Because of his contributions to gaming, Hoyle was a charter inductee into the Poker Hall of Fame in 1979, even though he died 60 years before poker was invented.[30]
The phrase according to Hoyle retains some currency in contemporary English, indicating 'correctly or properly; according to an authority or rule'.[31] In American English, a Hoyle can refer to any authoritative card-game rule book, in the same way that a Baedeker can refer to any travel guide.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Many modern books of collected rule sets for card games (and sometimes other games, such as board games, billiards, etc.) contain the name "Hoyle" in their titles, but the moniker does not mean the works are directly derivative of Edmond Hoyle's (in much the same way that many modern dictionaries contain "Webster" in their titles without necessarily relating to the work of Noah Webster).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
References
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Bibliography
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- By a Gentleman (1743) A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist, W. Webster, Bath and London
- Edmond Hoyle (1743) A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist, 3rd ed., F. Cogan, London
- Edmond Hoyle (1744) A Short Treatise on the Game of Piquet, George and Alexander Ewing, Dublin
- Edmond Hoyle (1745) A Short Treatise on the Game of Quadrille, George and Alexander Ewing, Dublin
- Edmond Hoyle (1761) An Essay Towards Making the Game of Chess Easily Learned,, Thomas Osborne, London
- Edmond Hoyle (1764) An Essay Towards Making the Doctrine of Chances Easy to Those Who Understand Vulgar Arithmetick Only, Thomas Osborne, London
- Edmond Hoyle (1775) Mr. Hoyle's Games of Whist, Quadrill, Piquet, Chess and Back-Gammon, Thomas Osborne, London