Pontiac fever: Difference between revisions
imported>WhiteTailedEagle Undid revision 1249896347 by Mr.sakeni (talk) |
imported>Wbm1058 |
||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
| deaths = | | deaths = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Pontiac fever''' is an acute, nonfatal respiratory disease caused by various species of [[Gram-negative bacteria]] in the genus ''[[Legionella]]''. It causes a mild upper respiratory infection that resembles acute influenza. Pontiac fever resolves spontaneously and often goes undiagnosed. Both Pontiac fever and the more severe [[ | '''Pontiac fever''' is an acute, nonfatal respiratory disease caused by various species of [[Gram-negative bacteria]] in the genus ''[[Legionella]]''. It causes a mild upper respiratory infection that resembles acute influenza. Pontiac fever resolves spontaneously and often goes undiagnosed. Both Pontiac fever and the more severe [[Legionnaires' disease]] may be caused by the same bacterium, but Pontiac fever does not include pneumonia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hpa.org.uk/Topics/InfectiousDiseases/InfectionsAZ/PontiacFever/GeneralInformation/ |title=General Information- Pontiac Fever |publisher=HPA |access-date=2013-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Castor |first1=Mei Lin |last2=Wagstrom |first2=Elizabeth A. |last3=Danila |first3=Richard N. |last4=Smith |first4=Kirk E. |last5=Naimi |first5=Timothy S. |last6=Besser |first6=John M. |last7=Peacock |first7=Keith A. |last8=Juni |first8=Billie A. |last9=Hunt |first9=John M. |last10=Bartkus |first10=Joanne M. |last11=Kirkhorn |first11=Steven R. |last12=Lynfield |first12=Ruth |title=An Outbreak of Pontiac Fever with Respiratory Distress among Workers Performing High-Pressure Cleaning at a Sugar-Beet Processing Plant |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |date=May 2005 |volume=191 |issue=9 |pages=1530–1537 |doi=10.1086/428776 |pmid=15809913 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fields |first1=Barry S. |last2=Haupt |first2=Thomas |last3=Davis |first3=Jeffrey P. |last4=Arduino |first4=Matthew J. |last5=Miller |first5=Phyllis H. |last6=Butler |first6=Jay C. |title=Pontiac Fever Due to ''Legionella micdadei'' from a Whirlpool Spa: Possible Role of Bacterial Endotoxin |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |date=15 November 2001 |volume=184 |issue=10 |pages=1289–1292 |doi=10.1086/324211 |pmid=11679917 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://legionellacontrol.com/legionella/pontiac-fever-legionnaires-disease/ |title=General Information- Pontiac Fever & Legionnaires' Disease |publisher=Legionellacontrol |access-date=2011-09-02}}</ref><ref name="CDC">{{cite web |title=Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/about-pontiac-fever.html |website=CDC |publisher=CDC |access-date=4 July 2025}}</ref> | ||
==Signs and symptoms== | ==Signs and symptoms== | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Pontiac fever was named after the city of [[Pontiac, Michigan]], where the first case was recognized. In 1968, several workers at the county's department of health came down with a fever and mild flu symptoms, but not pneumonia. After the [[1976 Philadelphia Legionnaires' disease outbreak|1976 Legionnaires' outbreak in Philadelphia]], the Michigan health department re-examined blood samples and discovered the workers had been infected with the newly identified ''[[Legionella pneumophila]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/01/health/01docs.html|title=In Philadelphia 30 Years Ago, an Eruption of Illness and Fear|date=1 August 2006|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tossa |first1=Paul |last2=Deloge-Abarkan |first2=Magali |last3=Zmirou-Navier |first3=Denis |last4=Hartemann |first4=Philippe |last5=Mathieu |first5=Laurence |title=Pontiac fever: an operational definition for epidemiological studies |journal=BMC Public Health |date=28 April 2006 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=112 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-6-112 |pmid=16646972 |pmc=1468404 |doi-access=free }}</ref> An outbreak caused by'' Legionella micdadei'' in early 1988 in the UK became known as [[Lochgoilhead]] fever.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goldberg |first1=DavidJ. |last2=Collier |first2=PeterW. |last3=Fallon |first3=RonaldJ. |last4=Mckay |first4=ThomasM. |last5=Markwick |first5=TerenceA. |last6=Wrench |first6=JohnG. |last7=Emslie |first7=JohnA. |last8=Forbes |first8=GeraldI. |last9=Macpherson |first9=AgnesC. |last10=Reid |first10=Daniel |title=Lochgoilhead fever: outbreak of non-pneumonic legionellosis due to Legionella micdadei |journal=The Lancet |date=February 1989 |volume=333 |issue=8633 |pages=316–318 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91319-6 |pmid=2563467 |s2cid=35846776 }}</ref> Since that time, other species of ''Legionella'' that cause Pontiac fever have been identified, most notably in New Zealand, in 2007 where ''[[Legionella longbeachae]]'' was discovered. The New Zealand outbreak also marked the first time Pontiac fever had been traced to potting soil.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} | Pontiac fever was named after the city of [[Pontiac, Michigan]], where the first case was recognized.<ref name="CDC"/> In 1968, several workers at the county's department of health came down with a fever and mild flu symptoms, but not pneumonia.<ref name="CDC"/> After the [[1976 Philadelphia Legionnaires' disease outbreak|1976 Legionnaires' outbreak in Philadelphia]], the Michigan health department re-examined blood samples and discovered the workers had been infected with the newly identified ''[[Legionella pneumophila]]''.<ref name="CDC"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/01/health/01docs.html|title=In Philadelphia 30 Years Ago, an Eruption of Illness and Fear|date=1 August 2006|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tossa |first1=Paul |last2=Deloge-Abarkan |first2=Magali |last3=Zmirou-Navier |first3=Denis |last4=Hartemann |first4=Philippe |last5=Mathieu |first5=Laurence |title=Pontiac fever: an operational definition for epidemiological studies |journal=BMC Public Health |date=28 April 2006 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=112 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-6-112 |pmid=16646972 |pmc=1468404 |doi-access=free }}</ref> An outbreak caused by'' Legionella micdadei'' in early 1988 in the UK became known as [[Lochgoilhead]] fever.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goldberg |first1=DavidJ. |last2=Collier |first2=PeterW. |last3=Fallon |first3=RonaldJ. |last4=Mckay |first4=ThomasM. |last5=Markwick |first5=TerenceA. |last6=Wrench |first6=JohnG. |last7=Emslie |first7=JohnA. |last8=Forbes |first8=GeraldI. |last9=Macpherson |first9=AgnesC. |last10=Reid |first10=Daniel |title=Lochgoilhead fever: outbreak of non-pneumonic legionellosis due to Legionella micdadei |journal=The Lancet |date=February 1989 |volume=333 |issue=8633 |pages=316–318 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91319-6 |pmid=2563467 |s2cid=35846776 }}</ref> Since that time, other species of ''Legionella'' that cause Pontiac fever have been identified, most notably in New Zealand, in 2007 where ''[[Legionella longbeachae]]'' was discovered. The New Zealand outbreak also marked the first time Pontiac fever had been traced to potting soil.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 21:39, 8 November 2025
Template:Short description Template:Infobox medical condition (new) Pontiac fever is an acute, nonfatal respiratory disease caused by various species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Legionella. It causes a mild upper respiratory infection that resembles acute influenza. Pontiac fever resolves spontaneously and often goes undiagnosed. Both Pontiac fever and the more severe Legionnaires' disease may be caused by the same bacterium, but Pontiac fever does not include pneumonia.[1][2][3][4][5]
Signs and symptoms
Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Cause
Species of Legionella known to cause Pontiac fever include Legionella pneumophila, Legionella longbeachae, Legionella feeleii, Legionella micdadei, and Legionella anisa.[6] Sources of the causative agents are aquatic systems and potting soil. The first outbreak caused by inhalation of aerosolized potting soil was discovered in New Zealand in January 2007. A total of 10 workers at a nursery came down with Pontiac fever. It was the first identification of L. longbeachae.[7] Pontiac fever does not spread from person to person. It is acquired through aerosolization of water droplets and/or potting soil containing Legionella bacteria.[8]
Diagnosis
Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Epidemiology
Pontiac fever is known to have a short incubation period of 1 to 3 days. No fatalities have been reported and cases resolve spontaneously without treatment.[9] It is often not reported.[10] Age, gender, and smoking do not seem to be risk factors. Pontiac fever seems to affect young people in the age medians of 29 to 32. Pathogenesis of the Pontiac fever is poorly known.[11][12]
History
Pontiac fever was named after the city of Pontiac, Michigan, where the first case was recognized.[5] In 1968, several workers at the county's department of health came down with a fever and mild flu symptoms, but not pneumonia.[5] After the 1976 Legionnaires' outbreak in Philadelphia, the Michigan health department re-examined blood samples and discovered the workers had been infected with the newly identified Legionella pneumophila.[5][13][14] An outbreak caused by Legionella micdadei in early 1988 in the UK became known as Lochgoilhead fever.[15] Since that time, other species of Legionella that cause Pontiac fever have been identified, most notably in New Zealand, in 2007 where Legionella longbeachae was discovered. The New Zealand outbreak also marked the first time Pontiac fever had been traced to potting soil.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
Template:Legionnaires' disease Template:Bacterial diseases Script error: No such module "Navbox".