Panax: Difference between revisions

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The '''''Panax''''' ([[ginseng]]) [[genus]] belongs to the [[Araliaceae]]<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia| title = Ivy Family - Araliaceae - Common names| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Life| access-date = 2018-07-14| url = http://eol.org/pages/5432/names/common_names}}</ref> (ivy) [[Family (biology)|family]]. ''Panax'' species are characterized by the presence of [[ginsenoside]]s and [[gintonin]]. ''Panax'' is one of approximately 60 plant genera with a classical disjunct east Asian and east North American distribution.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zuo|first1=Yun-Juan|last2=Wen|first2=Jun|last3=Ma|first3=Jin-Shuang|last4=Zhou|first4=Shi-Liang|date=2015|title=Evolutionary radiation of the Panax bipinnatifidus species complex (Araliaceae) in the Sino-Himalayan region of eastern Asia as inferred from AFLP analysis|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|language=en|volume=53|issue=3|pages=210–220|doi=10.1111/jse.12119|s2cid=82972879 |issn=1759-6831}}</ref> Furthermore, this disjunct distribution is asymmetric as only two of the ~18 species in genus are native to North America.
The '''''Panax''''' ([[ginseng]]) [[genus]] belongs to the [[Araliaceae]]<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia| title = Ivy Family - Araliaceae - Common names| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Life| access-date = 2018-07-14| url = http://eol.org/pages/5432/names/common_names}}</ref> (ivy) [[Family (biology)|family]]. ''Panax'' species are characterized by the presence of [[ginsenoside]]s and [[gintonin]]. ''Panax'' is one of approximately 60 plant genera with a classical disjunct east Asian and east North American distribution.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zuo|first1=Yun-Juan|last2=Wen|first2=Jun|last3=Ma|first3=Jin-Shuang|last4=Zhou|first4=Shi-Liang|date=2015|title=Evolutionary radiation of the Panax bipinnatifidus species complex (Araliaceae) in the Sino-Himalayan region of eastern Asia as inferred from AFLP analysis|journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution|language=en|volume=53|issue=3|pages=210–220|doi=10.1111/jse.12119|bibcode=2015JSyEv..53..210Z |s2cid=82972879 |issn=1759-6831}}</ref> Furthermore, this disjunct distribution is asymmetric as only two of the ~18 species in genus are native to North America.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
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::::''[[Panax japonicus]]'' <small> (T.Nees) C.A.Mey. </small> ([[Japanese ginseng]])<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.3389/fpls.2016.00481| issn = 1664-462X| volume = 7| pages = 481| last1 = Rai| first1 = Amit| last2 = Yamazaki| first2 = Mami| last3 = Takahashi| first3 = Hiroki| last4 = Nakamura| first4 = Michimi| last5 = Kojoma| first5 = Mareshige| last6 = Suzuki| first6 = Hideyuki| last7 = Saito| first7 = Kazuki| title = RNA-seq Transcriptome Analysis of Panax japonicus, and Its Comparison with Other Panax Species to Identify Potential Genes Involved in the Saponins Biosynthesis| journal = Frontiers in Plant Science| date = 2016| pmid = 27148308| pmc = 4828455| doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = Japanese ginseng| work = TheFreeDictionary.com| access-date = 2018-07-14| url = https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Japanese+ginseng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title = Plantae Medicinales oder Sammlung offizineller Pflanzen.}}</ref>
::::''[[Panax japonicus]]'' <small> (T.Nees) C.A.Mey. </small> ([[Japanese ginseng]])<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.3389/fpls.2016.00481| issn = 1664-462X| volume = 7| pages = 481| last1 = Rai| first1 = Amit| last2 = Yamazaki| first2 = Mami| last3 = Takahashi| first3 = Hiroki| last4 = Nakamura| first4 = Michimi| last5 = Kojoma| first5 = Mareshige| last6 = Suzuki| first6 = Hideyuki| last7 = Saito| first7 = Kazuki| title = RNA-seq Transcriptome Analysis of Panax japonicus, and Its Comparison with Other Panax Species to Identify Potential Genes Involved in the Saponins Biosynthesis| journal = Frontiers in Plant Science| date = 2016| pmid = 27148308| pmc = 4828455| doi-access = free| bibcode = 2016FrPS....7..481R}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = Japanese ginseng| work = TheFreeDictionary.com| access-date = 2018-07-14| url = https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Japanese+ginseng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| title = Plantae Medicinales oder Sammlung offizineller Pflanzen.}}</ref>
::::''[[Panax quinquefolius]]'' <small> L. </small> ([[American ginseng]])
::::''[[Panax quinquefolius]]'' <small> L. </small> ([[American ginseng]])
::::''[[Panax sokpayensis]]'' <small> Shiva K.Sharma & Pandit </small><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Shiva Kumar |last2=Pandit |first2=Maharaj Krishan |title=A New Species of Panax L. (Araliaceae) from Sikkim Himalaya, India |journal=Systematic Botany |date=2009 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=434–438 |jstor=40211904|doi=10.1600/036364409788606235 |s2cid=198131033 }}</ref>
::::''[[Panax sokpayensis]]'' <small> Shiva K.Sharma & Pandit </small><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Shiva Kumar |last2=Pandit |first2=Maharaj Krishan |title=A New Species of Panax L. (Araliaceae) from Sikkim Himalaya, India |journal=Systematic Botany |date=2009 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=434–438 |jstor=40211904|doi=10.1600/036364409788606235 |bibcode=2009SysBo..34..434S |s2cid=198131033 }}</ref>
::::''[[Panax siamensis]]'' <small>J. Wen, 2023</small>
::::''[[Panax siamensis]]'' <small>J. Wen, 2023</small>
::::''[[Panax vietnamensis]]'' <small> Ha & Grushv. </small>
::::''[[Panax vietnamensis]]'' <small> Ha & Grushv. </small>
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Ginseng}}


[[Category:Panax| ]]
[[Category:Panax| ]]

Latest revision as of 16:13, 28 June 2025

Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

The Panax (ginseng) genus belongs to the Araliaceae[1] (ivy) family. Panax species are characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin. Panax is one of approximately 60 plant genera with a classical disjunct east Asian and east North American distribution.[2] Furthermore, this disjunct distribution is asymmetric as only two of the ~18 species in genus are native to North America.

Etymology

File:MonkGinsengGarden.jpg
American ginseng at Monk Garden in Wisconsin .

The name Panax, meaning "all-healing" in Greek, shares the same origin as "panacea" and was used for this genus because Carl Linnaeus was aware of its wide use in Chinese medicine.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Panax species

Genus Panax[3]

Subgenus Panax
Section Panax
Series Notoginseng
Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen (known as san qi, tian qi or tien chi)
Series Panax
Panax arunachalensis Taram, A.P.Das & Tag[4][5]
Panax assamicus (Assam Ginseng) [6]
Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. [7]
var. angustifolius (Burkill) J.Wen
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (Asian ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng, Asiatic ginseng, Oriental ginseng)[8]
Panax japonicus (T.Nees) C.A.Mey. (Japanese ginseng)[9][10][11]
Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng)
Panax sokpayensis Shiva K.Sharma & Pandit [12]
Panax siamensis J. Wen, 2023
Panax vietnamensis Ha & Grushv.
Panax wangianus S.C.Sun [13]
Panax zingiberensis C.Y.Wu & Feng
Section Pseudoginseng
Panax pseudoginseng Wall.
Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai & K.M.Feng [14][15]
Subgenus Trifolius
Panax trifolius L.

Hybrids:

  • Panax ginseng × Panax quinquifolius (F1 male sterile, roots bigger than parents)[16]
  • Panax japonicus f. typicum × Panax quinquifolius[17]

Phylogeny

Based on chloroplast genomes (Manzanilla et al. 2018 and Xia et al. 2025):[18][19] Template:Clade

Note: Plants of the World Online treats P. major Template:Au as a junior synonym of P. bipinnatifidus. Flora of China treats it as P. japonicus var. major Template:Au.[20]

References

Template:Sister project Template:Reflist

Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control Template:Ginseng


Template:Araliaceae-stub

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