Ranunculus repens: Difference between revisions
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'''''Ranunculus repens''''', the '''creeping buttercup''', is a [[flowering plant]] in the [[Ranunculus|buttercup]] family [[Ranunculaceae]], native to [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and northwestern [[Africa]].<ref name=fe>[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Ranunculus&SPECIES_XREF=repens&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Ranunculus'' repens L.] Flora Europaea</ref><ref name=grin>{{GRIN | accessdate = 24 December 2017}}</ref> It is also called '''creeping crowfoot''' and (along with [[Ononis|restharrow]]) '''sitfast'''.<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' entry for "Sit-fast":2. Sc.a. The plants restharrow and creeping crowfoot. 1808 JAMIESON, Sitfasts, restharrow. 1825 {emem} Suppl., Sitfast, Creeping Crowfoot, Ranunculus Repens.</ref> | '''''Ranunculus repens''''', the '''creeping buttercup''', is a [[flowering plant]] in the [[Ranunculus|buttercup]] family [[Ranunculaceae]], native to [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and northwestern [[Africa]].<ref name="fe">[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Ranunculus&SPECIES_XREF=repens&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Ranunculus'' repens L.] Flora Europaea</ref><ref name="grin">{{GRIN | accessdate = 24 December 2017}}</ref> It is also called '''creeping crowfoot''' and (along with [[Ononis|restharrow]]) '''sitfast'''.<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' entry for "Sit-fast":2. Sc.a. The plants restharrow and creeping crowfoot. 1808 JAMIESON, Sitfasts, restharrow. 1825 {emem} Suppl., Sitfast, Creeping Crowfoot, Ranunculus Repens.</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
It is a [[herbaceous]], [[stolon]]iferous [[perennial plant]] growing to {{convert|50|cm|in|abbr=on}} tall. It has both prostrate running stems, which produce [[root]]s and new plants at the nodes, and more or less erect flowering stems. The basal [[leaf|leaves]] are compound, borne on a {{convert|4|-|20|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=on}} long [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] and divided into three broad leaflets {{convert|1.5|-|8|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long, shallowly to deeply lobed, each of which is stalked, distinguishing the species from ''[[Ranunculus acris]]'' in which the terminal leaflet is [[Glossary of botanical terms#sessile|sessile]].<ref name="Parnell">Parnell, P. and Curtis, T. (2012). ''Webb's An Irish Flora.'' Cork University Press. {{ISBN|978-185918-4783}}</ref> The leaves higher on the stems are smaller, with narrower leaflets and may be simple and lanceolate. Both the stems and the leaves are finely hairy. The [[flower]]s are golden yellow, [[gloss (optics)|glossy]], and {{convert|2|-|3|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} diameter, usually with five petals, and the flower stem is finely grooved. The gloss is caused by the smooth upper surface of the petal that acts like a mirror; the gloss aids in attracting [[pollinators|pollinating]] insects and [[thermoregulation]] of the flower's reproductive organs.<ref>{{Cite journal | | It is a [[herbaceous]], [[stolon]]iferous [[perennial plant]] growing to {{convert|50|cm|in|abbr=on}} tall. It has both prostrate running stems, which produce [[root]]s and new plants at the nodes, and more or less erect flowering stems. The basal [[leaf|leaves]] are compound, borne on a {{convert|4|-|20|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=on}} long [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] and divided into three broad leaflets {{convert|1.5|-|8|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long, shallowly to deeply lobed, each of which is stalked, distinguishing the species from ''[[Ranunculus acris]]'' in which the terminal leaflet is [[Glossary of botanical terms#sessile|sessile]].<ref name="Parnell">Parnell, P. and Curtis, T. (2012). ''Webb's An Irish Flora.'' Cork University Press. {{ISBN|978-185918-4783}}</ref> The leaves higher on the stems are smaller, with narrower leaflets and may be simple and lanceolate. Both the stems and the leaves are finely hairy. The [[flower]]s are golden yellow, [[gloss (optics)|glossy]], and {{convert|2|-|3|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} diameter, usually with five petals, and the flower stem is finely grooved. The gloss is caused by the smooth upper surface of the petal that acts like a mirror; the gloss aids in attracting [[pollinators|pollinating]] insects and [[thermoregulation]] of the flower's reproductive organs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Der Kooi |first=C. J. |last2=Elzenga |first2=J.T.M. |last3=Dijksterhuis |first3=J. |last4=Stavenga |first4=D.G. |year=2017 |title=Functional optics of glossy buttercup flowers |journal=Journal of the Royal Society Interface |volume=14 |issue=127 |pages=20160933 |doi=10.1098/rsif.2016.0933 |pmc=5332578 |pmid=28228540}}</ref><ref>[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23331142-400-buttercups-focus-light-to-heat-their-flowers-and-attract-insects/ Buttercups focus light to heat their flowers and attract insects] New Scientist 25 February 2017</ref> The [[fruit]] is a cluster of [[achene]]s {{convert|2.5|-|4|mm|in|frac=32|abbr=on}} long. Creeping buttercup has three-lobed dark green, white-spotted leaves that grow out of the node. It grows in fields and [[pastures]] and prefers wet soil.<ref name="blamey">Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. {{ISBN|0-340-40170-2}}</ref><ref name="fnwe">Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=1628 ''Ranunculus repens'']{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
It is a very common weed of agricultural land and gardens, spreading quickly by its rooting [[stolons]] and resisting removal with a deeply anchored filamentous root ball. In [[Ireland]]: very common in damp places, ditches and flooded areas.<ref name="Parnell"/><ref>Hackney, P. (1992). ''Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland.'' Third Edition. Institute of Irish Studies and The Queen's University of Belfast {{ISBN|0-85389-446-9}}.</ref> | It is a very common weed of agricultural land and gardens, spreading quickly by its rooting [[stolons]] and resisting removal with a deeply anchored filamentous root ball. In [[Ireland]]: very common in damp places, ditches and flooded areas.<ref name="Parnell" /><ref>Hackney, P. (1992). ''Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland.'' Third Edition. Institute of Irish Studies and The Queen's University of Belfast {{ISBN|0-85389-446-9}}.</ref> | ||
==Cultivation and uses== | ==Cultivation and uses== | ||
Creeping buttercup was sold in many parts of the world as an [[ornamental plant]], and has now become an [[invasive species]] in many parts of the world.<ref name=grin/> | Creeping buttercup was sold in many parts of the world as an [[ornamental plant]], and has now become an [[invasive species]] in many parts of the world.<ref name=grin/> | ||
Like most buttercups, ''Ranunculus repens'' is [[poison]]ous, although these poisons are lost when dried with [[hay]]. The taste of buttercups is acrid, so [[cattle]] avoid eating them. The plants then take advantage of the cropped ground around them to spread their stolons. Creeping buttercup also is spread through the transportation of [[hay]]. Contact with the [[Plant sap|sap]] of the plant can cause skin blistering.<ref name=pfaf>[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ranunculus+repens ''Ranunculus repens'']. Plants for a Future</ref> | Like most buttercups, ''Ranunculus repens'' is [[poison]]ous, although these poisons are lost when dried with [[hay]]. The taste of buttercups is acrid, so [[cattle]] avoid eating them. The plants then take advantage of the cropped ground around them to spread their stolons. Creeping buttercup also is spread through the transportation of [[hay]]. Contact with the [[Plant sap|sap]] of the plant can cause skin blistering.<ref name="pfaf">[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ranunculus+repens ''Ranunculus repens'']. Plants for a Future</ref> | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:33, 23 June 2025
Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox
Ranunculus repens, the creeping buttercup, is a flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to Europe, Asia and northwestern Africa.[1][2] It is also called creeping crowfoot and (along with restharrow) sitfast.[3]
Description
It is a herbaceous, stoloniferous perennial plant growing to Template:Convert tall. It has both prostrate running stems, which produce roots and new plants at the nodes, and more or less erect flowering stems. The basal leaves are compound, borne on a Template:Convert long petiole and divided into three broad leaflets Template:Convert long, shallowly to deeply lobed, each of which is stalked, distinguishing the species from Ranunculus acris in which the terminal leaflet is sessile.[4] The leaves higher on the stems are smaller, with narrower leaflets and may be simple and lanceolate. Both the stems and the leaves are finely hairy. The flowers are golden yellow, glossy, and Template:Convert diameter, usually with five petals, and the flower stem is finely grooved. The gloss is caused by the smooth upper surface of the petal that acts like a mirror; the gloss aids in attracting pollinating insects and thermoregulation of the flower's reproductive organs.[5][6] The fruit is a cluster of achenes Template:Convert long. Creeping buttercup has three-lobed dark green, white-spotted leaves that grow out of the node. It grows in fields and pastures and prefers wet soil.[7][8]
Habitat
It is a very common weed of agricultural land and gardens, spreading quickly by its rooting stolons and resisting removal with a deeply anchored filamentous root ball. In Ireland: very common in damp places, ditches and flooded areas.[4][9]
Cultivation and uses
Creeping buttercup was sold in many parts of the world as an ornamental plant, and has now become an invasive species in many parts of the world.[2]
Like most buttercups, Ranunculus repens is poisonous, although these poisons are lost when dried with hay. The taste of buttercups is acrid, so cattle avoid eating them. The plants then take advantage of the cropped ground around them to spread their stolons. Creeping buttercup also is spread through the transportation of hay. Contact with the sap of the plant can cause skin blistering.[10]
Etymology
Ranunculus is a diminutive of 'rana', meaning 'little frog'. This name is in reference to the amphibious habitat of many Ranunculus species.[11]
Repens means 'creeping' or 'stoloniferous'.[11]
References
External links
Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control
- ↑ Ranunculus repens L. Flora Europaea
- ↑ a b Template:GRIN
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary entry for "Sit-fast":2. Sc.a. The plants restharrow and creeping crowfoot. 1808 JAMIESON, Sitfasts, restharrow. 1825 {emem} Suppl., Sitfast, Creeping Crowfoot, Ranunculus Repens.
- ↑ a b Parnell, P. and Curtis, T. (2012). Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. Template:ISBN
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Buttercups focus light to heat their flowers and attract insects New Scientist 25 February 2017
- ↑ Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. Template:ISBN
- ↑ Flora of NW Europe: Ranunculus repensTemplate:Dead link
- ↑ Hackney, P. (1992). Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Third Edition. Institute of Irish Studies and The Queen's University of Belfast Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Ranunculus repens. Plants for a Future
- ↑ a b Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. pp. 326, 328. Template:ISBN