ZX Interface 1: Difference between revisions
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Station number 0 is used to indicate broadcast. Data is transmitted in packets, each a maximum of 255 bytes long; the packet and the header are protected by a checksum. Character transmission uses 1 start bit, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit (the common 8-N-1 configuration). | Station number 0 is used to indicate broadcast. Data is transmitted in packets, each a maximum of 255 bytes long; the packet and the header are protected by a checksum. Character transmission uses 1 start bit, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit (the common 8-N-1 configuration). | ||
Main commands:<ref name=miman>[ | Main commands:<ref name=miman>[https://archive.org/download/World_of_Spectrum_June_2017_Mirror/World%20of%20Spectrum%20June%202017%20Mirror.zip/World%20of%20Spectrum%20June%202017%20Mirror/sinclair/books/m/MicrodriveAndInterface1Manual.pdf worldofspectrum.org - Microdrive and Interface 1 manual], 1983, file date</ref> | ||
:FORMAT "n";<station number> | :FORMAT "n";<station number> | ||
:SAVE * "n";<station number> | :SAVE * "n";<station number> | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [http://www.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/computers/peripherals/interface1.htm ntnu.no - Information at Planet Sinclair] | * [http://www.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/computers/peripherals/interface1.htm ntnu.no - Information at Planet Sinclair] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070418015032/http://www.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/computers/peripherals/interface1.htm |date=18 April 2007 }} | ||
* [http://www.worldofspectrum.net/hardware/feat7.html worldofspectrum.org - Hardware feature from Sinclair User - October 1983] | * [http://www.worldofspectrum.net/hardware/feat7.html worldofspectrum.org - Hardware feature from Sinclair User - October 1983] | ||
* [http://www.dataserve-retro.co.uk/contents/en-uk/d6.html dataserve-retro.co.uk - Sinclair Interface 1 & Microdrive] [http://www.dataserve-retro.co.uk/contents/media/Interface%201%20scan%20Small.jpg *] | * [http://www.dataserve-retro.co.uk/contents/en-uk/d6.html dataserve-retro.co.uk - Sinclair Interface 1 & Microdrive] [http://www.dataserve-retro.co.uk/contents/media/Interface%201%20scan%20Small.jpg *] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316105759/http://www.dataserve-retro.co.uk/contents/media/Interface%201%20scan%20Small.jpg |date=16 March 2014 }} | ||
** [https://github.com/ZXSpectrumVault/rom-disassemblies/blob/master/Spectrum%2048K/Sinclair-Interface-1.asm - disassembly version 1] | ** [https://github.com/ZXSpectrumVault/rom-disassemblies/blob/master/Spectrum%2048K/Sinclair-Interface-1.asm - disassembly version 1] | ||
** [https://github.com/ZXSpectrumVault/rom-disassemblies/blob/master/Spectrum%2048K/Sinclair-Interface-1-v2.asm - disassembly version 1.2] | ** [https://github.com/ZXSpectrumVault/rom-disassemblies/blob/master/Spectrum%2048K/Sinclair-Interface-1-v2.asm - disassembly version 1.2] | ||
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090423123124/http://www.dilwyn.me.uk/pe/index.html#tk2 dilwyn.me.uk - Toolkit 2]}} | * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090423123124/http://www.dilwyn.me.uk/pe/index.html#tk2 dilwyn.me.uk - Toolkit 2]}} | ||
* [http://www.sinclair.hu/speccyalista/konyvtar/kezikonyvek/ZXInterface1-2_Microdrive_ServiceManual.pdf www.sinclair.hu - ZX Interface 1/2/Microdrive Service Manual 1985] | * [http://www.sinclair.hu/speccyalista/konyvtar/kezikonyvek/ZXInterface1-2_Microdrive_ServiceManual.pdf www.sinclair.hu - ZX Interface 1/2/Microdrive Service Manual 1985] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418032254/http://www.sinclair.hu/speccyalista/konyvtar/kezikonyvek/ZXInterface1-2_Microdrive_ServiceManual.pdf |date=18 April 2019 }} | ||
* [http://www.sinclair.hu/speccyalista/konyvtar/kezikonyvek/ZXInterface1_Microdrive_Manual.pdf www.sinclair.hu - ZX Interface 1/Microdrive Manual 1983] | * [http://www.sinclair.hu/speccyalista/konyvtar/kezikonyvek/ZXInterface1_Microdrive_Manual.pdf www.sinclair.hu - ZX Interface 1/Microdrive Manual 1983] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019125252/http://www.sinclair.hu/speccyalista/konyvtar/kezikonyvek/ZXInterface1_Microdrive_Manual.pdf |date=19 October 2016 }} | ||
{{Sinclair computers and clones}} | {{Sinclair computers and clones}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:30, 21 October 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates
The ZX Interface 1, launched in 1983, was a peripheral from Sinclair Research for its ZX Spectrum home computer. Originally intended as a local area network interface for use in school classrooms, it was revised before launch to also act as the controller for up to eight ZX Microdrive high-speed tape-loop cartridge drives. It also included a DE-9 RS-232 interface capable of operating at up to 19.2 kbit/s. At hardware level it was fundamentally a voltage adaptor, the serial protocol being implemented in software by bit-banging. This led to problems when receiving data, but not when transmitting.
A wedge-shaped device fitting underneath the ZX Spectrum, the Interface 1 required two screws to be removed from the underside of the Spectrum, the existing screwholes being used by longer screws running through the ZX Interface 1 to stop it from inadvertently becoming detached. The Interface 1 contained 8 kB of ROM comprising the control software for the Microdrives, an RS-232 port and network interface. This extended the error handler in the Sinclair BASIC to allow extra keywords to be used. As this became an official standard, other developers quickly used this mechanism to create language extensions to Sinclair BASIC.
Two further revisions of the device's firmware were made following launch.[1] These aimed to improve ZX Microdrive cartridge formatting and access time, printing functions via the RS-232 interface, and other bugs in the firmware held in the device's internal 8K ROM. Machine code software which used the officially documented entry points ('hook codes') would experience few incompatibility issues; however, programs using non-standard entry points risked incompatibility due to the presence of revised entry points.
The same protocol, renamed QLAN, was later used on the Sinclair QL. This was intended to be interoperable with ZX Net, but due to timing differences interoperability was found to be problematic.
The ZX Interface 1 was incompatible with some later ZX Spectrum models such as the +2A and +3, due to differences in ROM and in the expansion connector. It was therefore impossible to connect and use the Microdrive units with these later models. It did, however, work with the original +2, although the much larger case made the interface an awkward fit.
Network
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The device offered two network ports, allowing up to 64 ZX Spectrums to be daisy-chained using network leads up to Script error: No such module "convert". long. The network, called ZX Net, used a bidirectional wire with a proprietary CSMA-like protocol. Data could be sent or received at 100 kbit/s either to or from a numbered workstation, or broadcast to all nodes, allowing one machine to act as a server.
Station number 0 is used to indicate broadcast. Data is transmitted in packets, each a maximum of 255 bytes long; the packet and the header are protected by a checksum. Character transmission uses 1 start bit, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit (the common 8-N-1 configuration).
Main commands:[2]
- FORMAT "n";<station number>
- SAVE * "n";<station number>
- LOAD * "n";<station number>
Select for example 1 as the address of the first computer (station number):[2]
- FORMAT "n";1
- SAVE * "n";2
Select 2 for the second computer address:[2]
- FORMAT "n";2
- LOAD * "n";1
Which will then transfer the program from "1" to "2".
Other commands:[2]
- CAT # Lists the file and directory contents of unit #
- LOAD * "m";1;"name" # Loads the program "name" from "microdrive" unit 1
See also
- ZX Interface 2 – an interface providing joystick and ROM cartridge ports
- ZX8302 – ULA integrated circuit designed for the Sinclair QL
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Interface 1, Issue 10, December 1984, Your Spectrum 10
- ↑ a b c d worldofspectrum.org - Microdrive and Interface 1 manual, 1983, file date
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
- ntnu.no - Information at Planet Sinclair Template:Webarchive
- worldofspectrum.org - Hardware feature from Sinclair User - October 1983
- dataserve-retro.co.uk - Sinclair Interface 1 & Microdrive * Template:Webarchive
- dilwyn.me.uk - Toolkit 2Template:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- www.sinclair.hu - ZX Interface 1/2/Microdrive Service Manual 1985 Template:Webarchive
- www.sinclair.hu - ZX Interface 1/Microdrive Manual 1983 Template:Webarchive
Script error: No such module "Navbox".