Pirate spider: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Family of spiders}} | {{Short description|Family of spiders}} | ||
{{Automatic taxobox | {{Automatic taxobox | ||
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range| | | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Early Cretaceous|present}} | ||
| taxon = Mimetidae | | taxon = Mimetidae | ||
| name = Pirate spiders | | name = Pirate spiders | ||
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==Genera== | ==Genera== | ||
{{As of|2025|April}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following genera:<ref name=WSC_gl58>{{cite web |title=Family Mimetidae Simon, 1881 (genus list) |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=https://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genlist/58 |access-date=2025-04-01 }}</ref> | {{As of|2025|April}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following genera:<ref name=WSC_gl58>{{cite web |title=Family Mimetidae Simon, 1881 (genus list) |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=https://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genlist/58 |access-date=2025-04-01 }}</ref> | ||
* ''[[Anansi (genus)|Anansi]]'' <small>Benavides & Hormiga, 2017</small> | * ''[[Anansi (genus)|Anansi]]'' <small>Benavides & Hormiga, 2017</small> (West Africa) | ||
* ''[[Arocha]]'' <small>Simon, 1893</small> (Peru, Brazil) | * ''[[Arocha]]'' <small>Simon, 1893</small> (Peru, Brazil) | ||
* ''[[Australomimetus]]'' <small>Heimer, 1986</small> (Australia, New Zealand) | * ''[[Australomimetus]]'' <small>Heimer, 1986</small> (Australia, New Zealand) | ||
Latest revision as of 18:56, 25 June 2025
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Pirate spiders, members of the family Mimetidae, are araneomorph spiders which typically feed on other spiders.
The family Mimetidae contains roughly 200 species divided among 12 genera, of which Mimetus and Ero are the most common. Mimetids are usually yellow and brown and are usually Template:Convert long. Mimetids can be recognized by the rows of spine-like hairs on their long front legs; the rows consist of a long spine, followed by a series of progressively shorter ones.
Behaviour
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Mimetidae usually hunt by picking at the strands on their prey's web to simulate the movements of either a trapped insect or a potential mate. This strategy is a form of aggressive mimicry. When their prey comes to investigate, they are instead captured and eaten.
The pirate spider Gelanor siquirres does not spin webs to passively catch prey. Instead, they hunt other web-building spiders using a stealth-based strategy. At night, they construct a capture web—long, dry silk lines extending from their retreat to nearby vegetation. These lines act as a trap by providing an anchor for the floating lines of nocturnal web-building spiders. If an exploring spider unknowingly secures its floating line to the pirate spider’s silk, it will then follow its own line onto the pirate spider’s web. Once the pirate spider detects the intruder, it descends from its retreat and ambushes it.[1]
Some mimetids have been observed to feed on insects as well. The spider-feeding habit presents problems in mating, and little is known about how the males court females to avoid being eaten. However, some male mimetids in the genus Gelanor, found in South America, have enormously long appendages which they use to inseminate females.
Distribution
Pirate spiders are found in forests all around the globe, wherein the highest diversity is found in Central and Tropical South America.[2]
Genera
Template:As of, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera:[3]
- Anansi Benavides & Hormiga, 2017 (West Africa)
- Arocha Simon, 1893 (Peru, Brazil)
- Australomimetus Heimer, 1986 (Australia, New Zealand)
- Ero C. L. Koch, 1836 (Palearctic, Africa, South America, USA, Asia, Australia)
- Gelanor Thorell, 1869 (Central and South America)
- Kratochvilia Strand, 1934 (Principe)
- Melaenosia Simon, 1906 (India)
- Mimetus Hentz, 1832 (worldwide)
See also
References
- Platnick, N.I. & Shabad, M.U. (1993). A review of the pirate spiders (Aranae, Mimetidae) of Chile. American Museum Novitates 3074. Abstract - PDF (12Mb) (with color pictures of O. reticulatus male and female, G. cordiformis m/f, G. blinkeni f, G. zonulatus f, G. spiculator f, H. collusor f; new description of G. blinkeni)