Tufted titmouse: Difference between revisions
imported>OAbot m Open access bot: url-access updated in citation with #oabot. |
imported>Eric Reverting edit(s) by ~2025-34368-38 (talk) to rev. 1322509193 by Bender the Bot: Reverting good faith addition; unsourced (RW 16.1) |
||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
| status = LC | | status = LC | ||
| status_system = IUCN3.1 | | status_system = IUCN3.1 | ||
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Baeolophus bicolor'' |volume=2016 | | | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Baeolophus bicolor'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T22711983A94314102 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22711983A94314102.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
| genus = Baeolophus | | genus = Baeolophus | ||
| species = bicolor | | species = bicolor | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
* Wingspan: {{convert|7.9|-|10.2|in|cm|abbr=on}} | * Wingspan: {{convert|7.9|-|10.2|in|cm|abbr=on}} | ||
A small bird, the tufted titmouse has a white front and gray upper body outlined with rust-colored flanks. Other characteristics include its black forehead and the tufted grey crest on its head.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=McCommons|first=James|date=2003|title=Tufted Titmouse|journal=Emmaus|volume=50| | A small bird, the tufted titmouse has a white front and gray upper body outlined with rust-colored flanks. Other characteristics include its black forehead and the tufted grey crest on its head.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=McCommons|first=James|date=2003|title=Tufted Titmouse|journal=Emmaus|volume=50|page=16|id={{ProQuest|203733124}}}}</ref> In juveniles, the black forehead is greatly diminished such that it may be confused with the [[oak titmouse]] (although their ranges do not overlap). Males tend to be larger than females.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) General Biology {{!}}|url=https://pages.vassar.edu/sensoryecology/tufted-titmouse-baeolophus-bicolor-general-biology/|access-date=2022-02-18|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
The song of the tufted titmouse is usually described as a whistled ''peter-peter-peter'', although this song can vary in approximately 20 notable ways.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QMfbC_7Wvm8C|title=Tufted Titmouse|last=Grubb|first=Thomas C.|date=1998|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn= | The song of the tufted titmouse is usually described as a whistled ''peter-peter-peter'', although this song can vary in approximately 20 notable ways.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QMfbC_7Wvm8C|title=Tufted Titmouse|last=Grubb|first=Thomas C.|date=1998|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=978-0-8117-2967-3|language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Distribution and habitat== | ==Distribution and habitat== | ||
| Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
===Breeding and nesting=== | ===Breeding and nesting=== | ||
Tufted titmice nest in a hole in a tree, either a natural cavity, a human-made nest box, or sometimes an old [[woodpecker]] nest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/jfo/v028n03/p0135-p0145.pdf|title=Some Tufted Titmouse Life History|last=Laskey|first=Amelia|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> They line the nest with soft materials, sometimes plucking hair from live mammals to use as material, a behavior known as [[kleptotrichy]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/tufted-titmouse |title= Tufted Titmouse, Audubon Field Guide |access-date=2015-08-17|date= 13 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecy.3501|title=What the pluck? Theft of mammal hair by birds is an overlooked but common behavior with fitness implications|first1=Henry S.|last1=Pollock|first2=Sean E.|last2=MacDonald|first3=Jeferson|last3=Vizentin-Bugoni|first4=Jeffrey D.|last4=Brawn|first5=Zachary S.|last5=Sutton|first6=Mark E.|last6=Hauber|author6-link=Mark Hauber|journal=Ecology|year=2021|volume=102|issue=12|pages=e03501|via=Wiley Online Library|doi=10.1002/ecy.3501|pmid=34314035|bibcode=2021Ecol..102E3501P |s2cid=236453003|url-access=subscription}}</ref> If they find snakeskin sheddings, they may incorporate pieces into their nest.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Medlin|first1=Elizabeth C.|last2=Risch|first2=Thomas S.|date=2006|title=An Experimental Test Of Snake Skin Use To Deter Nest Predation|url=https://zenodo.org/record/956844|journal=The Condor|language=en|volume=108|issue=4| | Tufted titmice nest in a hole in a tree, either a natural cavity, a human-made nest box, or sometimes an old [[woodpecker]] nest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/jfo/v028n03/p0135-p0145.pdf|title=Some Tufted Titmouse Life History|last=Laskey|first=Amelia|access-date=4 May 2018}}</ref> They line the nest with soft materials, sometimes plucking hair from live mammals to use as material, a behavior known as [[kleptotrichy]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/tufted-titmouse |title= Tufted Titmouse, Audubon Field Guide |access-date=2015-08-17|date= 13 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecy.3501|title=What the pluck? Theft of mammal hair by birds is an overlooked but common behavior with fitness implications|first1=Henry S.|last1=Pollock|first2=Sean E.|last2=MacDonald|first3=Jeferson|last3=Vizentin-Bugoni|first4=Jeffrey D.|last4=Brawn|first5=Zachary S.|last5=Sutton|first6=Mark E.|last6=Hauber|author6-link=Mark Hauber|journal=Ecology|year=2021|volume=102|issue=12|pages=e03501|via=Wiley Online Library|doi=10.1002/ecy.3501|pmid=34314035|bibcode=2021Ecol..102E3501P |s2cid=236453003|url-access=subscription}}</ref> If they find snakeskin sheddings, they may incorporate pieces into their nest.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Medlin|first1=Elizabeth C.|last2=Risch|first2=Thomas S.|date=2006|title=An Experimental Test Of Snake Skin Use To Deter Nest Predation|url=https://zenodo.org/record/956844|journal=The Condor|language=en|volume=108|issue=4|page=963|doi=10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[963:aetoss]2.0.co;2|s2cid=86039366 |issn=0010-5422|doi-access=free}} | ||
* {{cite web |title=The use of sloughed black rat snake ''Elaphe obsoleta'' skins deters predation of artificial nests in nest boxes in forest near Jonesboro, Craighead County, Arkansas, USA |website=Conservation Evidence |url=https://www.conservationevidence.com/ViewEntry.asp?ID=578 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103193934/https://www.conservationevidence.com/ViewEntry.asp?ID=578 |archive-date=2009-01-03}}</ref> Eggs measure under {{convert|1|inch|cm|abbr=off}} long and are white or cream-colored with brownish or purplish spots.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nestwatch.org/learn/focal-species/tufted-titmouse/|title=Common Nesting birds – Tufted Titmouse (''Baeolophus bicolor)''|work=[[Cornell Lab of Ornithology|Nest Watch]] |access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> Eggs have an incubation period of 12–14 days; titmice will then remain nestlings for 15–16 days.<ref name=":1" /> | * {{cite web |title=The use of sloughed black rat snake ''Elaphe obsoleta'' skins deters predation of artificial nests in nest boxes in forest near Jonesboro, Craighead County, Arkansas, USA |website=Conservation Evidence |url=https://www.conservationevidence.com/ViewEntry.asp?ID=578 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103193934/https://www.conservationevidence.com/ViewEntry.asp?ID=578 |archive-date=2009-01-03}}</ref> Eggs measure under {{convert|1|inch|cm|abbr=off}} long and are white or cream-colored with brownish or purplish spots.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nestwatch.org/learn/focal-species/tufted-titmouse/|title=Common Nesting birds – Tufted Titmouse (''Baeolophus bicolor)''|work=[[Cornell Lab of Ornithology|Nest Watch]] |access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref> Eggs have an incubation period of 12–14 days; titmice will then remain nestlings for 15–16 days.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
| Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
=== Diet === | === Diet === | ||
Annually, nearly two thirds of the tufted titmouse diet consists of insects. During the summer months, caterpillars are an essential part of their diet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tufted Titmouse {{!}} Audubon Field Guide |url=https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/tufted-titmouse#:~:text=Mostly%20insects%20and%20seeds.,Also%20eats%20some%20spiders,%20snails. |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=www.audubon.org |language=en}}</ref> With respect to nuts and seeds, the tufted titmouse primarily prefers sunflower seeds and will consume suet and peanuts as well. During the fall and winter, the tufted titmouse hoards food. When visiting a feeder, tufted titmice take one seed per visit and store seeds within 130 feet of the feeder. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tufted Titmouse Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology |url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Tufted_Titmouse/overview |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=www.allaboutbirds.org |language=en}}</ref> | Annually, nearly two thirds of the tufted titmouse diet consists of insects. During the summer months, caterpillars are an essential part of their diet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tufted Titmouse {{!}} Audubon Field Guide |url=https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/tufted-titmouse#:~:text=Mostly%20insects%20and%20seeds.,Also%20eats%20some%20spiders,%20snails. |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=www.audubon.org |language=en}}</ref> With respect to nuts and seeds, the tufted titmouse primarily prefers sunflower seeds and will consume suet and peanuts as well. During the fall and winter, the tufted titmouse hoards food. When visiting a feeder, tufted titmice take one seed per visit and store seeds within 130 feet of the feeder.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tufted Titmouse Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology |url=https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Tufted_Titmouse/overview |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=www.allaboutbirds.org |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Status== | ==Status== | ||
| Line 79: | Line 79: | ||
* {{InternetBirdCollection|tufted-titmouse-baeolophus-bicolor|Tufted titmouse}} | * {{InternetBirdCollection|tufted-titmouse-baeolophus-bicolor|Tufted titmouse}} | ||
* [https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Tufted_Titmouse/ Tufted titmouse species account] – All About Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology) | * [https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Tufted_Titmouse/ Tufted titmouse species account] – All About Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology) | ||
* [ | * [https://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i7310id.html Tufted titmouse – ''Baeolophus bicolor''] – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter | ||
* {{VIREO|Tufted+Titmouse|Tufted titmouse}} | * {{VIREO|Tufted+Titmouse|Tufted titmouse}} | ||
| Line 87: | Line 87: | ||
[[Category:Native birds of the Eastern United States]] | [[Category:Native birds of the Eastern United States]] | ||
[[Category:Birds described in 1766|tufted titmouse]] | [[Category:Birds described in 1766|tufted titmouse]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|tufted titmouse]] | ||
[[Category:Birds of the United States]] | |||
[[Category:Least concern biota of the United States]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:03, 17 November 2025
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Speciesbox
The tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) is a small songbird native to eastern North America. The species belongs to the tit and chickadee family (Paridae). The black-crested titmouse, found from central and southern Texas southward,[1] was included as a subspecies but now is considered a separate species, Baeolophus atricristatus.[2]
Etymology
The generic name Baeolophus translates to "small crested" and is a compound of the Ancient Greek words Template:Linktext: baiós meaning "small", and Template:Linktext: lόphοs meaning "crest". The specific name bicolor means "two-colored".
Description
Measurements:[3]
- Length: Script error: No such module "convert".
- Weight: Script error: No such module "convert".
- Wingspan: Script error: No such module "convert".
A small bird, the tufted titmouse has a white front and gray upper body outlined with rust-colored flanks. Other characteristics include its black forehead and the tufted grey crest on its head.[4] In juveniles, the black forehead is greatly diminished such that it may be confused with the oak titmouse (although their ranges do not overlap). Males tend to be larger than females.[5]
The song of the tufted titmouse is usually described as a whistled peter-peter-peter, although this song can vary in approximately 20 notable ways.[6]
Distribution and habitat
The habitat of the tufted titmouse is deciduous and mixed woods as well as gardens, parks, and shrublands. Although it is non-migratory and originally native to the Ohio and Mississippi River basins, factors such as bird feeders have caused it to occupy a larger territory across the United States and stretching into Ontario and Quebec in Canada.[4][5][7] During the second half of the 20th century and into the 21st century, the species' range has been expanding northwards.[3]
Behavior and ecology
The tufted titmouse gathers food from the ground and from tree branches, frequently consuming a variety of berries, nuts, seeds, small fruits, insects, and other invertebrates.[8] Caterpillars constitute a major part of its diet during the summer. This species is also a regular visitor to bird feeders.[9] Its normal pattern is to scout a feeder from cover, fly in to take a seed, then fly back to shelter to consume the morsel, though caching is also very common.[8][10]
The tufted titmouse can demonstrate curiosity regarding humans and sometimes will perch on a window ledge and seem to be peering into the house. It may also cling to the window frames and walls of buildings seeking prey in wasp and hornet nests.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The tufted titmouse is vocally active and will respond to sounds of agitation in other birds.[3] This species readily forms small flocks, known as troupes or banditries, which often associate with chickadees and other passerines when foraging.[11]
Breeding and nesting
Tufted titmice nest in a hole in a tree, either a natural cavity, a human-made nest box, or sometimes an old woodpecker nest.[12] They line the nest with soft materials, sometimes plucking hair from live mammals to use as material, a behavior known as kleptotrichy.[13][14] If they find snakeskin sheddings, they may incorporate pieces into their nest.[15] Eggs measure under Script error: No such module "convert". long and are white or cream-colored with brownish or purplish spots.[16] Eggs have an incubation period of 12–14 days; titmice will then remain nestlings for 15–16 days.[3]
The lifespan of the tufted titmouse is approximately 2.1 years, although it can live for more than ten years.[17] Average clutch size is five to seven eggs.[18] Unlike many birds, the offspring of tufted titmice will often stay with their parents during the winter and even after the first year of their life.[19] Sometimes, a bird born the year before will help its parents raise the next year's young.[20]
The tufted titmouse will occasionally hybridize with the black-crested titmouse; the hybridization range is very narrow, however, because of genetic differences.[5]
Diet
Annually, nearly two thirds of the tufted titmouse diet consists of insects. During the summer months, caterpillars are an essential part of their diet.[21] With respect to nuts and seeds, the tufted titmouse primarily prefers sunflower seeds and will consume suet and peanuts as well. During the fall and winter, the tufted titmouse hoards food. When visiting a feeder, tufted titmice take one seed per visit and store seeds within 130 feet of the feeder.[22]
Status
From 1966 to 2015 the tufted titmouse population has increased by more than 1.5% per year throughout the northeastern U.S.[23] The current breeding population is estimated to be approximately 8 million.[3]
Gallery
Script error: No such module "Gallery".
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
Template:Sister project Template:Sister project
- Template:InternetBirdCollection
- Tufted titmouse species account – All About Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
- Tufted titmouse – Baeolophus bicolor – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
- Template:VIREO