Lagoon triggerfish: Difference between revisions
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| status = LC | | status = LC | ||
| status_system = IUCN3.1 | | status_system = IUCN3.1 | ||
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 9 February 2023">{{cite iucn |author=Matsuura, K. |date=2022 |title=''Rhinecanthus rectangulus'' |volume=2022 | | | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 9 February 2023">{{cite iucn |author=Matsuura, K. |date=2022 |title=''Rhinecanthus rectangulus'' |volume=2022 |article-number=e.T193713A2264564 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T193713A2264564.en |access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref> | ||
| genus = Rhinecanthus | | genus = Rhinecanthus | ||
| species = aculeatus | | species = aculeatus | ||
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==Mating and reproduction== | ==Mating and reproduction== | ||
{{Multiple image | |||
| image1 = Picasso triggerfish, juvenile - Rhinecanthus aculeatus.jpg | |||
| image2 = Reef trigger fish. (11111536093).jpg | |||
| total_width = 500 | |||
| align = center | |||
| caption1 = Juvenile | |||
| caption2 = Adult | |||
}} | |||
Both sexes guard territories, some maintaining a territory for eight years or longer (with males holding territories for significantly longer than females). A typical male territory may overlap with one to five female territories, and their mating system is described as haremic, although not much is known about this (similar mating systems are seen in other [[Balistidae]] species). If a male or female is removed or disappears their territories are soon taken over by a new fish. They reproduce multiple times over their lifetimes.<ref name="Kuwamura" /> | Both sexes guard territories, some maintaining a territory for eight years or longer (with males holding territories for significantly longer than females). A typical male territory may overlap with one to five female territories, and their mating system is described as haremic, although not much is known about this (similar mating systems are seen in other [[Balistidae]] species). If a male or female is removed or disappears their territories are soon taken over by a new fish. They reproduce multiple times over their lifetimes.<ref name="Kuwamura" /> | ||
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This species has one type of single [[cone cell|cone]] (SC), with an [[opsin]] peaking in sensitivity at 413 [[nanometer|nm]] (S),<ref>S = short [[wavelength]], M = middle wavelength, L = long wavelength</ref> and a [[Double cone (biology)|double cone]] with two different opsins in each member peaking at 480 nm (M) and 530 nm (L) respectively.<ref>{{cite book |title=Vision down under|chapter=Colour vision in reef fish |last= Marshall|first=J. |author2=Jennings, K.|author3= Goldizen, A|author4=Vorobyev, M. |year=2004 |publisher=Fraser Island |location=Brisbane, Australia}}</ref> Behavioural research has provided evidence that individual members of the double cones can act as independent channels of colour information, aiding in understanding double cone function.<ref name="Pignatelli et al">{{cite journal |last1=Pignatelli |first1=V. |last2=Champ |first2=C. |last3=Marshall |first3=J. |last4=Vorobyev |first4=M. |year=2010 |title=Double cones are used for colour discrimination in the reef fish, ''Rhinecanthus aculeatus'' |journal=[[Biology Letters]] |publisher=The Royal Society |volume= 6|issue= 4|pages= 537–539|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2009.1010 |pmc=2936199 |pmid=20129950}}</ref> This research suggests the species has [[trichromacy|trichromatic vision]], like humans. | This species has one type of single [[cone cell|cone]] (SC), with an [[opsin]] peaking in sensitivity at 413 [[nanometer|nm]] (S),<ref>S = short [[wavelength]], M = middle wavelength, L = long wavelength</ref> and a [[Double cone (biology)|double cone]] with two different opsins in each member peaking at 480 nm (M) and 530 nm (L) respectively.<ref>{{cite book |title=Vision down under|chapter=Colour vision in reef fish |last= Marshall|first=J. |author2=Jennings, K.|author3= Goldizen, A|author4=Vorobyev, M. |year=2004 |publisher=Fraser Island |location=Brisbane, Australia}}</ref> Behavioural research has provided evidence that individual members of the double cones can act as independent channels of colour information, aiding in understanding double cone function.<ref name="Pignatelli et al">{{cite journal |last1=Pignatelli |first1=V. |last2=Champ |first2=C. |last3=Marshall |first3=J. |last4=Vorobyev |first4=M. |year=2010 |title=Double cones are used for colour discrimination in the reef fish, ''Rhinecanthus aculeatus'' |journal=[[Biology Letters]] |publisher=The Royal Society |volume= 6|issue= 4|pages= 537–539|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2009.1010 |pmc=2936199 |pmid=20129950}}</ref> This research suggests the species has [[trichromacy|trichromatic vision]], like humans. | ||
<gallery> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="140"> | ||
File:Picasso triggerfish.jpg|Lagoon triggerfish live on the flat areas of the reef. | File:Picasso triggerfish.jpg|Lagoon triggerfish live on the flat areas of the reef. | ||
File:Picasso triggerfish Pengo.jpg|Aquarium specimen | File:Picasso triggerfish Pengo.jpg|Aquarium specimen | ||
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[[Category:Fish of Palau]] | [[Category:Fish of Palau]] | ||
[[Category:Fish described in 1758]] | [[Category:Fish described in 1758]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:23, 17 December 2025
Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox
The lagoon triggerfish (Rhinecanthus aculeatus), also known as the blackbar triggerfish, the Picasso triggerfish, or the Picassofish, is a triggerfish, up to Script error: No such module "convert". in length, found on reefs in the Indo-Pacific region.[1]
This species has been studied in a range of research contexts, from locomotion to color vision research.
Behavior
Lagoon triggerfish live in the reefs and sandy areas of coral reefs, where they eat just about anything that comes along, mostly including invertebrates and reef algae. They are always restlessly swimming around and vigorously protect their territory against intruders, including divers, especially when guarding their eggs during reproduction season. Their relatively small size makes them much less dangerous than the larger titan triggerfish of the same family.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The fish moves through the water by using waving motions in its dorsal and anal fins, allowing it to move more precisely. Using these movements, it can move forwards, backwards or simply hover in place above the reef. This means that it can more easily back out of crevices than other unidirectional fish.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Mating and reproduction
Script error: No such module "Multiple image". Both sexes guard territories, some maintaining a territory for eight years or longer (with males holding territories for significantly longer than females). A typical male territory may overlap with one to five female territories, and their mating system is described as haremic, although not much is known about this (similar mating systems are seen in other Balistidae species). If a male or female is removed or disappears their territories are soon taken over by a new fish. They reproduce multiple times over their lifetimes.[2]
Pair-spawning takes place around sunrise, with the egg masses being attached to sand, coral rubble or algae. They hatch on the same day around sunset. Although paternal care is normal in teleost fishes with external fertilization, it is the mothers in this species that guard and care for eggs until they hatch. The mother remains above the eggs for about 12–14 hours, fanning the eggs with her pectoral fins to improve aeration for perhaps 30% of the time. She chases away most fish that approach and remove other intruders like starfish by mouth. Maternal care is effective in preventing predation, and experimental removal of the mothers reduced survival to almost nothing suggesting this behaviour is adaptive. Unlike fathers, mothers forage less and over a smaller area near the egg mass while caring for the eggs. Since the males have multiple mates, caring for an egg mass would probably be more costly in terms of lost mating opportunities so maternal care is considered to be an evolutionarily stable strategy.[2]
Vision
This species has one type of single cone (SC), with an opsin peaking in sensitivity at 413 nm (S),[3] and a double cone with two different opsins in each member peaking at 480 nm (M) and 530 nm (L) respectively.[4] Behavioural research has provided evidence that individual members of the double cones can act as independent channels of colour information, aiding in understanding double cone function.[5] This research suggests the species has trichromatic vision, like humans.
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Lagoon triggerfish live on the flat areas of the reef.
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Aquarium specimen
See also
References
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Further reading
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