1449: Difference between revisions

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=== January&ndash;December ===
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; King Henry VI of England summons the members of parliament, directing them to assemble on Februry 12 at Westminster.
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Constantine XI Palaiologos]] is crowned [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Emperor]] at [[Mistra]]; he will be the last in a line of rulers that can be traced to the [[founding of Rome]].
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Constantine XI Palaiologos]] is crowned [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Emperor]] at [[Mistra]]; he will be the last in a line of rulers that can be traced to the [[founding of Rome]].
* [[February 12]] &ndash;The English Parliament is opened by King Henry VI at Westminster for a five month session.
* [[February]] &ndash; [[Alexăndrel of Moldavia|Alexăndrel]] seizes the throne of [[Moldavia]], with the support of the boyars.
* [[February]] &ndash; [[Alexăndrel of Moldavia|Alexăndrel]] seizes the throne of [[Moldavia]], with the support of the boyars.
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Hundred Years' War (1415–1453)|Hundred Years' War]]: English forces capture [[Fougères]] in Brittany.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=123–125|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Hundred Years' War (1415–1453)|Hundred Years' War]]: English forces capture [[Fougères]] in Brittany.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=123–125|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 7]] &ndash; The last [[Antipope]], [[Felix V]], abdicates.
* [[April 7]] &ndash; The last [[Antipope]], [[Felix V]], abdicates.
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Pope Nicholas V]] is elected by the [[Council of Basel]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Leonard von Matt|author2=Hans Kühner|title=The Popes: Papal History in Picture and Word|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hN9OAAAAMAAJ|year=1963|publisher=Universe Books|page=128}}</ref>
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Pope Nicholas V]] is elected by the [[Council of Basel]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Leonard von Matt|author2=Hans Kühner|title=The Popes: Papal History in Picture and Word|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hN9OAAAAMAAJ|year=1963|publisher=Universe Books|page=128}}</ref>
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* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Second Siege of Sfetigrad (1449)]]: The Albanian garrison surrenders and the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]] seize the fortress.
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Second Siege of Sfetigrad (1449)]]: The Albanian garrison surrenders and the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]] seize the fortress.
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Alfarrobeira]]: King [[Afonso V of Portugal]] defeats the forces of [[Peter, Duke of Coimbra]].
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Alfarrobeira]]: King [[Afonso V of Portugal]] defeats the forces of [[Peter, Duke of Coimbra]].
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Erik of Pomerania]], formerly the King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway, hands over possession of the island of [[Gotland]] to the Swedish invaders.
* [[June 8]] &ndash; The Pas de la Bergère tournament, later the subject of a poem by [[Louis de Beauvau]], finishes after six days at [[Tarascon]] on the island of Jarnègues at the estate of the Duke [[René of Anjou]].<ref>Kekewich, Margaret L. (2008). The Good King: René of Anjou and Fifteenth Century Europe. Palgrave Macmillan.</ref>
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Mary of Guelders]] arrives in [[Scotland]] at [[Leith]] after being escorted from the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] to Scotland following her selection by [[William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton|Lord Crichton]]
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 3]] &ndash; King [[James II of Scotland]] marries [[Mary of Guelders]] at [[Holyrood Abbey]] in [[Edinburgh]].
* [[July 6]] &ndash; The [[Ambrosian Republic]] of [[Milan]] defeats the armies of the Swiss [[canton of Uri]] at the [[Battle of Castione]] in what is now Switzerland.<ref>{{HLS|41543|author=Alessandra Maffioli}}</ref>
* [[July 16]] &ndash; The English Parliament closes and King Henry VI gives [[royal assent]] to numerous acts passed during its five-month session. Becoming law are the Importation Act, a 7-year ban on the import of Netherlands merchandise from Holland, Zeeland and Brabant, and the Distress Act, making it a felony "for any Welsh or Lancashire man to take other men, their goods or chattels, under colour of distress, where they have no cause."<ref>{{cite book |title=Chronological Table of and Index to the Statutes |edition=13th |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |date=1896 |volume=1: To the End of the Session 59 Vict. Sess. 2 (1895) |url={{GBurl|EfcZAAAAYAAJ|page=39}} |pages=39 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
* [[July 20]] &ndash; News arrives at the imperial court of the [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming|Emperor Yingzong of China]] of a Mongol invasion from the north, led by the Khagan [[Esen Taishi]]. Yingzong orders the dispatch of 45,000 soldiers from the [[Beijing]] garrison, led by four generals, to advance to Datong and Xuanfu to guard the border.<ref name=Goodrich>{{Cite book |last=Goodrich |first=L. Carrington |title=Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644 |last2=Fang |first2=Chaoying |author-link2=Fang Chao-ying |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1976 |isbn=0-231-03801-1 |location=New York|page=290}}</ref>. 
* [[July]] &ndash; Hundred Years' War: The French invade [[Normandy]].<ref name=CBH/>
* [[July]] &ndash; Hundred Years' War: The French invade [[Normandy]].<ref name=CBH/>
* [[August 1]] &ndash; After getting word that the Mongols had launched a large-scale invasion at Datong, China's Emperor Yingzong decides to personally lead the Beijing garrison into war, despite the protests of his War Minister Kuang Ye.<ref>Philip de Heer, The Care-taker Emperor : Aspects of the Imperial Institution in Fifteenth-century China as Reflected in the Political History of the Reign of Chu Chʾi-yü. (Leiden: Brill 1986). ISBN 9004078983.</ref>
* [[August 3]] &ndash; The Emperor Yingzong designates his younger brother, [[Jingtai Emperor|Zhu Qiyu]], to administer the Chinese Empire.<ref name=Goodrich/>
* [[August 13]] &ndash; First Margrave War: [[Albrecht III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg|Margrave Albrecht]] takes Lichtenau Fortress from Nuremberg.
* [[August 13]] &ndash; First Margrave War: [[Albrecht III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg|Margrave Albrecht]] takes Lichtenau Fortress from Nuremberg.
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Battle of Tumu Fortress]]: The [[Oirats|Oirat]] [[Mongols]] defeat the  [[Ming dynasty]] army, and capture the [[Zhengtong Emperor]] of China; the latter is officially deposed, while his brother ascends as the [[Jingtai Emperor]] the next year.
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Battle of Tumu Fortress]]: The [[Oirats|Oirat]] [[Mongols]] defeat the  [[Ming dynasty]] army, and capture the [[Zhengtong Emperor|Emperor Xingzong]] of China on September 3. The Emperor is officially deposed, while his brother Zhu Qiyu ascends as the [[Jingtai Emperor]] the next year.
 
=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Alexăndrel of Moldavia|Prince Alexăndrel]] is replaced as Prince of Moldavia by [[Bogdan II]].<ref>Mureşanu, Camil (2001). John Hunyadi: Defender of Christendom. The Center for Romanian Studies. ISBN 973-9432-18-2.</ref>
* [[October 29]] &ndash; The French recapture [[Rouen]] from the English.<ref name=CBH/></onlyinclude>
* [[October]] &ndash; [[Bogdan II of Moldavia]] enters the country with troops from [[John Hunyadi]], and takes the throne after [[Alexăndrel of Moldavia|Alexăndrel]] flees.
* [[October]] &ndash; [[Bogdan II of Moldavia]] enters the country with troops from [[John Hunyadi]], and takes the throne after [[Alexăndrel of Moldavia|Alexăndrel]] flees.
* [[October 29]] &ndash; The French recapture [[Rouen]] from the English.<ref name=CBH/></onlyinclude>
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Karl Knutsson]], reigning as King Karl VIII of Sweden, is crowned as King Karl I of Norway in a ceremony at [[Nidaros Cathedral]] in [[Trondheim]].<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|title=Karl 1 Knutsson Bonde|url=https://snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Karl_1_Knutsson_Bonde/utdypning|access-date=28 August 2012}}</ref>  
* [[December 15]] &ndash; The Ottoman Empire Sultan [[Mehmed II]] marries [[Sittişah Hatun]], daughter of [[Suleiman of Dulkadir]], in an elaborate ceremony at [[Edirne]], followed by three months of celebrations.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Franz Babinger |first=Franz |last=Babinger |title=Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1992 |page=57 |isbn=978-0-691-01078-6}}</ref>


== Births ==
== Births ==

Revision as of 00:06, 12 June 2025

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Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Births

Deaths

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Kekewich, Margaret L. (2008). The Good King: René of Anjou and Fifteenth Century Europe. Palgrave Macmillan.
  5. ↑ Alessandra Maffioli: 1449 in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.Script error: No such module "TemplatePar".Script error: No such module "TemplatePar".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  8. ↑ Philip de Heer, The Care-taker Emperor : Aspects of the Imperial Institution in Fifteenth-century China as Reflected in the Political History of the Reign of Chu Chʾi-yü. (Leiden: Brill 1986). ISBN 9004078983.
  9. ↑ Mureşanu, Camil (2001). John Hunyadi: Defender of Christendom. The Center for Romanian Studies. ISBN 973-9432-18-2.
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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