1475: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
imported>Fuzheado
m Reverted edit by Orion Gavin Douglass (talk) to last version by GreenC bot
 
imported>Jonathan Markoff
m eliminating pipes
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Year nav|1475}}
{{Year nav|1475}}
[[File:Melozzo da Forlì 001.jpg|250px|thumb |[[June 15]]: Pope Sixtus IV (right) creates the Vatican Library and appoints Bartolomeo Platina as its first librarian.]] 
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1475''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1475''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].


Line 5: Line 6:
<onlyinclude>
<onlyinclude>


=== January&ndash;December ===
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Battle of Vaslui]] ([[Moldavian–Ottoman Wars]]): [[Stephen III of Moldavia]] defeats the [[Ottoman Empire]], which is led at this time by [[Mehmed the Conqueror]] of Constantinople.
* [[January 10]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Vaslui]] during the [[Moldavian–Ottoman Wars]], in what is now Romania, [[Stephen III of Moldavia]] leads his troops to defeat [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] invaders commanded by General [[Hadım Suleiman Pasha (governor of Rumelia)|Hadım Suleiman Pasha]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries |publisher=Brill |year=2013 |page=266 |isbn=9789004246065 |location=Leiden |url=http://www.brill.com/european-tributary-states-ottoman-empire-sixteenth-and-seventeenth-centuries |editor1=Gábor Kármán |editor2=Lovro Kunčevic }}</ref>
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Burgundian Wars]]: [[Edward IV of England]] lands in [[Calais]], in support of the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] against France.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/185 185–187]}}</ref>
* [[January 15]] &ndash; At [[Madrid]], Queen [[Isabella I of Castile]], who had been crowned on December 11, declares her husband [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Prince Fernando de Aragón]] to be the joint ruler with her, and is proclaimed as King Fernando V of Castile.<ref>John Edwards, ''The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs 1474–1520'' (Blackwell Publishers, 2000)</ref> Fernando, the oldest son and heir to the throne of [[John II of Aragon|King Juan II]] of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]], will make Isabella co-ruler of Aragon when he ascends the throne upon his father's death in [[1479]]. 
* [[August 29]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Picquigny]] ends the brief war between France and England.
* [[January 30]] &ndash; An alliance between the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] (ruled by Charles the Bold), the [[Duchy of Savoy]] (ruled by [[Philibert I, Duke of Savoy|Filiberto the Hunter]]) and the [[Duchy of Milan]] (ruled by [[Galeazzo Maria Sforza]]) is created by the signing of a treaty at the city of [[Moncalieri]], in Savoy near [[Turin]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vaughan|first1=Richard|last2=Paravicini|first2=Wener|title=Charles the Bold: The Last Valois Duke of Burgundy|location=Woodbridge|date=2002|publisher=The Boydell Press|page=304|isbn=9780851159188}}</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; Burgundian Wars &ndash; [[Battle on the Planta]]: Forces of the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] are victorious against those of the [[Duchy of Savoy]], near [[Sion, Switzerland]].
* [[February 20]] &ndash; The joint Spanish rulers of Castile and León, Queen Isabella and King Fernando, issue a decree of monetary reform at [[Segovia]], setting a standard value for the [[Spanish real#In Spain and Spanish America|real]] as 30 [[maravedí]] coins, and the ''[[dobla|dobla castellana]]'' as 870 maravedis.<ref> [http://libro.uca.edu/edwards/appendix2.htm "Money and its value"], in ''Chriatian Córdoba: The city and its region in the late Middle Ages'', by John Edwards (The Library of Iberian Resources Online, 2001)</ref>
* [[February 27]] &ndash; At [[Racibórz]] (now in Poland, but at the time under the control of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]), the Bohemian [[Matthias Corvinus|King Matyáš Korvín]] arrests the Duke of Gliwice, [[Jan IV of Oświęcim]] and holds him prisoner until Jan relinquishes half of his lands to Bohemian control.<ref>[https://www.poczet.com/janiv.htm "Jan (Janusz) IV oświęcimski (gliwicki)"], Poczet.com (in Polish)</ref>
* [[March 10]] &ndash; The city of [[Perpignan]] is recaptured by the army of the [[Kingdom of France]] after having been captured by the Spanish king [[John II of Aragon]].<ref name=Hernandez>{{cite book |last=Hernández Cardona|first=F. Xavier |title=Història militar de Catalunya. Vol. III La defensa de la Terra |trans-title=Military history of Catalonia, Vol. III: The defense of the territory |language=ca |year=2003 |publisher=Rafael Dalmau Editorial|place=Barcelona |isbn=84-232-0664-5|pages=35–39}}</ref>
* [[March 14]] &ndash; King [[Edward IV]], gives [[royal assent]] to [[List of acts of the Parliament of England from 1474|several acts passed by the English Parliament]], including the Safe Conducts Act and the Wool Act.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=14° Edw. IV. |chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017915526&seq=467 |title=The Statutes of the Realm | date=1963 |volume=2: 1377 to 1509 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017915526 |via=[[Hathi Trust]] |pages=445–451 | publisher=Dawsons of Pall Mall }}</ref>
 
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 3]] &ndash; While in [[Valladolid]], capital of the [[Crown of Castile|Kingdom of Castile and León]], to celebrate a tournament in their honor, the joint rulers of Castile, [[Isabella I of Castile|Queen Isabella]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|King Fernando II]] are interrupted by a messenger sent by [[Afonso V of Portugal|King Afonso V]] of [[Portugal]]. King Afonso announces [[War of the Castilian Succession|a declaration of war]] against the crown of Castile and León.<ref>{{cite book|last= Menéndez y Pidal |first= Ramón|title= Historia de España, Tomo XVII, Volumen 1, La España de los Reyes Católicos |year= 1983 |publisher=Editorial Espasa-Calpe SA|page=116|isbn= 84-239-4819-6}}</ref>
* [[May 10]] &ndash; The [[War of the Castilian Succession]] begins as Portugal's army invades the Spanish kingdom of Castile and León with King Afonso of Portugal in command. The troops advance to the town of [[Plasencia]], where King Afonso's fiancée [[Joanna la Beltraneja|Juana la Beltraneja]] (who claims to be the daughter of the late [[Henry IV of Castile|King Enrique IV of Castile]]) lives.<ref>{{cite book |last=Navarro Sainz |first=Jose María |title=El consejo de Sevilla en el reinado de Isabel I (1474–1504) |publisher=University of Seville |year=2004 |page=44 |url=https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/15219/Original_TD1319.pdf;jsessionid=15B07C7A99DBDAB3E257E011F26A6952?sequence=1}}</ref>
* [[May 25]] &ndash; Having invaded Castile, King Afonso V of Portugal is [[betrothal|betrothed]] to his first cousin, [[Joanna la Beltraneja|Juana la Beltraneja]],  Princess of Asturias, who had been identified on May 9, 1462, as heir to the Castilian throne as the daughter of [[Henry IV of Castile|King Enrique IV]], and claims his right to rule the Kingdom of Castile and León.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Nancy Rubin Stuart |last=Stuart |first=Nancy Rubin |title=Isabella of Castile: The First Renaissance Queen |year=1991 |page=136 |isbn=0-312-05878-0 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/isabellaofcastil00nanc}}</ref> On May 30, Afonso and Juana then hold court at the small town of [[Toro, Zamora|Toro]] for the former proclamation of themselves as joint rulers of Castile, an office held in the rest of the kingdom by Queen Isabella and King Fernando.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arqnet.pt/dicionario/joanad1.html |access-date=November 24, 2012|title=Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico (Joana (D.)|pages=1033-1034, Vol. III|publisher= |place=Lisbon|year=1915 |language=pt}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] &ndash; The [[Vatican Library]] in [[Rome]] is created by the papal bull ''Ad decorem militantis ecclesiae'' and names [[Bartolomeo Platina]] as the first librarian for the Vatican.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040214073400/http://bav.vatican.va/en/v_home_bav/v_storia/index_storia.shtml#ORIGINS%20OF%20THE%20LIBRARY "Origins of the Library"], Vatican Library website, February 14, 2004</ref>
* [[June 19]] &ndash; After [[Dorothea of Brandenburg|Queen consort Dorothea]] of [[Denmark]] visits Rome, Pope Sixtus IV issues a [[papal bull]] permitting [[Christian I of Denmark|King Christian I]] to establish [[University of Copenhagen|a university in Denmark]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://universitetshistorie.ku.dk/overblik/1479-1788/grundlaeggelsen/|title=History of the University of Copenhagen about 1479|date=23 September 2010|publisher=University of Copenhagen|access-date=25 August 2020|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401061506/https://universitetshistorie.ku.dk/overblik/1479-1788/grundlaeggelsen/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Burgundian State|Burgundy]] and its allies abandon the [[Siege of Neuss]] afer 11 months when the imperial army from the [[Holy Roman Empire]] comes to the relief of the [[Electorate of Cologne|Free City of Köln]], and a papal legate sent by [[Pope Sixtus IV]] says that the Pope wil excommunicate both Charles the Bold of Burgundy and the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick if the fighting end, a threat that allows both monarchs to cease hostilities without dishonor.<ref>Pat McGill, et al.,''The Burgundian Army of Charles the Bold: The Ordonnance Companies and their Captains'' (Lincoln: Freezywater Publications, 2001), pp.8–15.</ref>
 
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Burgundian Wars]]: [[Edward IV]] of England lands in [[Calais]], in support of the [[Duchy of Burgundy]] against France.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/185 185–187]}}</ref>
* [[August 29]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Picquigny]] ends the brief war between France and England.<ref>{{cite book |first=Robert |last=Knecht |title=The Valois: Kings of France 1328–1589 |publisher=Continuum |year=2007 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/valoiskingsoffra00knec/page/100 100–101] |isbn=978-1-85285-420-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/valoiskingsoffra00knec/page/100 }}</ref>
* [[September 9]] &ndash; The city of [[Köln]] ([[Cologne]]), already separate from the surrounding Köln is granted the status of a "[[free imperial city]]" by the [[Holy Roman Empire]], with representation in the Imperial Diet and self-government within the Empire.
* [[September 17]] &ndash; At the royal capital, [[Pekan, Pahang|Pekan]], [[Ahmad Shah I]] of Pahang becomes the new [[Sultan of Pahang]] (now one of the federal states within [[Malaysia]]) upon the death of his younger brother, [[Muhammad Shah of Pahang|Muhammad Shah]]<ref>.{{cite book |last = Linehan |first = William | title = History of Pahang |publisher = Malaysian Branch Of The Royal Asiatic Society, Kuala Lumpur |year = 1973 |isbn = 978-0710-101-37-2}}</ref>
 
=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 13]] &ndash; The Swiss Confederacy [[Canton of Bern]] invades the [[Canton of Vaud]], at the time under the control of [[Jacques of Savoy, Count of Romont|Jacques of Savoy]], one of the nobles in the [[Duchy of Savoy]].
* [[October 22]] &ndash; In retaliation for the resistance of the village of [[Les Clées]] against the Swiss invasion of Vaud, the army of Bern destroys the city and kills the members of the garrison at the Vaud Castle.<ref>[https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/002534/2011-02-02/ "Les Clées"], ''Historical Dictionary of Switzerland'' online</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; Burgundian Wars &ndash; In the [[Battle on the Planta]], near [[Sion, Switzerland|Sion]] in the Swiss [[Canton of Valais]], forces of the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] are victorious against those of the [[Duchy of Savoy]].<ref>Richard Vaughan, ''Charles the Bold: The Last Valois Duke of Burgundy'' (Boydell Press, 2002) p.364</ref>
* [[November 14]] &ndash; The original [[Landshut Wedding]] takes place, between [[George, Duke of Bavaria]], and [[Hedwig Jagiellon, Duchess of Bavaria|Hedwig Jagiellon]].
* [[November 14]] &ndash; The original [[Landshut Wedding]] takes place, between [[George, Duke of Bavaria]], and [[Hedwig Jagiellon, Duchess of Bavaria|Hedwig Jagiellon]].
* [[December]] &ndash; The [[Principality of Theodoro]] falls to the [[Ottoman Empire]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vasiliev |first=Alexander A. |url=http://archive.org/details/Vasiliev1936Goths |title=The Goths in the Crimea |year=1936 |location=Cambridge, MA |pages=259 |language=en}}</ref> arguably taking with it the final territorial remnant of the successor to the [[Roman Kingdom]] after nearly 2,228 years of Roman civilization since the legendary [[Founding of Rome]] in [[753 BC]].
* [[November 17]] &ndash; The [[Emirate of Granada]], led by the Emir [[Abu'l-Hasan Ali of Granada|Abu'l-Hasan Ali]] and now part of Spain's Mediterranean coast, signs a peace treaty with the Spanish Kingdom of Castile and León, led by the joint monarchs Isabella and Fernando. In the agreement, Granada offers to assist the Castilians against any attempt by Portugal to invade the Castilian region, [[Kingdom of Córdoba|Córdoba]], that borders Granada.<ref>John Edwards, ''The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs, 1474-1520'' (Blackwell Publishers, 2000) p.37</ref>
* [[December 2]] &ndash; In the Spanish kingdom of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]], the siege by Portugal of the Castle of Burgos ends with the commander of the garrison agreeing to surrender within 70 days, "the waiting period decreed by chivalric courtesy" and Queen Isabella enters the city to a welcoming crowd.<ref>{{cite book|first=Peggy K. |last=Liss |title=Isabel the Queen: Life and Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZt0BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA125|date=20 December 2004 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-1897-8 |page=125}}</ref> 
* [[December]] &ndash; The [[Principality of Theodoro]] falls to the [[Ottoman Empire]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vasiliev |first=Alexander A. |url=http://archive.org/details/Vasiliev1936Goths |title=The Goths in the Crimea |year=1936 |publisher=[[Medieval Academy of America]] |location=Cambridge, MA |pages=259 |language=en}}</ref> arguably taking with it the final territorial remnant of the successor to the [[Roman Kingdom]] after nearly 2,228 years of Roman civilization since the legendary [[Founding of Rome]] in [[753 BC]].


===Date unknown===
===Date unknown===

Latest revision as of 05:34, 6 September 2025

Template:Year nav

File:Melozzo da Forlì 001.jpg
June 15: Pope Sixtus IV (right) creates the Vatican Library and appoints Bartolomeo Platina as its first librarian.

Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".Year 1475 (MCDLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

File:Michelango Portrait by Volterra.jpg
Michelangelo Buonarroti

Deaths

References

Template:Reflist

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ John Edwards, The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs 1474–1520 (Blackwell Publishers, 2000)
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ "Money and its value", in Chriatian Córdoba: The city and its region in the late Middle Ages, by John Edwards (The Library of Iberian Resources Online, 2001)
  5. ↑ "Jan (Janusz) IV oświęcimski (gliwicki)", Poczet.com (in Polish)
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ "Origins of the Library", Vatican Library website, February 14, 2004
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Pat McGill, et al.,The Burgundian Army of Charles the Bold: The Ordonnance Companies and their Captains (Lincoln: Freezywater Publications, 2001), pp.8–15.
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ .Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ "Les Clées", Historical Dictionary of Switzerland online
  19. ↑ Richard Vaughan, Charles the Bold: The Last Valois Duke of Burgundy (Boydell Press, 2002) p.364
  20. ↑ John Edwards, The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs, 1474-1520 (Blackwell Publishers, 2000) p.37
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Template:Cite ODNB
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=1475&oldid=3157330"