Reiser4: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Computer file system, successor to ReiserFS}} | {{short description|Computer file system, successor to ReiserFS}} | ||
{{Multiple issues| | {{Multiple issues|{{Lead too short|date=February 2025}} | ||
{{Lead too short|date=February | {{More citations needed|date=January 2017}}}} | ||
{{More citations needed|date=January 2017}} | |||
}} | |||
{{ infobox filesystem | {{ infobox filesystem | ||
| name = Reiser4 | | name = Reiser4 | ||
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==Integration with Linux== | ==Integration with Linux== | ||
Reiser4 has patches for Linux 2.6, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x.,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sourceforge.net/projects/reiser4/files/ |title=Reiser4 file system for Linux OS - Browse Files at SourceForge.net |website=sourceforge.net |access-date=2019-08-04}}</ref><ref name="phLinux5patch" /> but {{as of|lc=y|2019}}, Reiser4 has not been merged into the mainline [[Linux kernel]]<ref name="phLinux5patch" /> and consequently is still not supported on many [[Linux distribution]]s; however, its predecessor ReiserFS v3 has been widely adopted. Reiser4 is also available from [[Andrew Morton (computer programmer)|Andrew Morton]]'s [[Mm tree|-mm]] kernel sources, and from the Zen patch set. The Linux kernel developers claim that Reiser4 does not follow the Linux "coding style" by the decision to use its own plugin system,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://kerneltrap.org/node/6844 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423030227/http://kerneltrap.org/node/6844 | archive-date=2007-04-23 | title=Linux: Why Reiser4 Is Not in the Kernel | date=September 19, 2005 | publisher=Kerneltrap }}</ref> but [[Hans Reiser]] suggested the decision was made for political reasons.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2006/7/21/109 | title=The "'official' point of view" expressed by kernelnewbies.org regarding reiser4 inclusion | first=Hans | last=Reiser | author-link=Hans Reiser | date=21 July 2006 | access-date=2008-03-01}}</ref> | Reiser4 has patches for Linux 2.6, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x.,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sourceforge.net/projects/reiser4/files/ |title=Reiser4 file system for Linux OS - Browse Files at SourceForge.net |website=sourceforge.net |access-date=2019-08-04}}</ref><ref name="phLinux5patch" /> but {{as of|lc=y|2019}}, Reiser4 has not been merged into the mainline [[Linux kernel]]<ref name="phLinux5patch" /> and consequently is still not supported on many [[Linux distribution]]s; however, its predecessor ReiserFS v3 has been widely adopted. Reiser4 is also available from [[Andrew Morton (computer programmer)|Andrew Morton]]'s [[Mm tree|-mm]] kernel sources, and from the Zen patch set. The Linux kernel developers claim that Reiser4 does not follow the Linux "coding style" by the decision to use its own plugin system,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://kerneltrap.org/node/6844 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423030227/http://kerneltrap.org/node/6844 | archive-date=2007-04-23 | title=Linux: Why Reiser4 Is Not in the Kernel | date=September 19, 2005 | publisher=Kerneltrap }}</ref> but [[Hans Reiser]] suggested the decision was made for political reasons.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2006/7/21/109 | title=The "'official' point of view" expressed by kernelnewbies.org regarding reiser4 inclusion | first=Hans | last=Reiser | author-link=Hans Reiser | date=21 July 2006 | access-date=2008-03-01}}</ref> | ||
The latest released Reiser4 kernel patches and tools can be downloaded from Reiser4 project page at sourceforge.net.<ref name=reiser4sourceforge>[ | The latest released Reiser4 kernel patches and tools can be downloaded from Reiser4 project page at sourceforge.net.<ref name=reiser4sourceforge>[https://reiser4.sourceforge.net/ https://reiser4.sourceforge.net/]</ref> | ||
== History of Reiser4 == | == History of Reiser4 == | ||
{{See also|Hans Reiser}} | {{See also|Hans Reiser}} | ||
Hans Reiser was convicted of | Hans Reiser was [[Hans Reiser#Trial|convicted of murder]] on April 28, 2008, leaving the future of Reiser4 uncertain. After his arrest, employees of Namesys were assured they would continue to work and that the events would not slow down the software development in the immediate future. In order to afford increasing legal fees, Hans Reiser announced on December 21, 2006, that he was going to sell Namesys;<ref>{{cite web | ||
|url=https://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,72342-0.html?tw=wn_technology_1 | |url=https://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,72342-0.html?tw=wn_technology_1 | ||
|title=Murder Suspect Selling Namesys | |title=Murder Suspect Selling Namesys | ||
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|date=2006-12-21 | |date=2006-12-21 | ||
|access-date=2006-12-30 | |access-date=2006-12-30 | ||
}}</ref> as of March 26, 2008, it had not been sold, although the website was unavailable. | }}</ref> as of March 26, 2008, it had not been sold, although the website was unavailable. During a [[CNET]] interview in January 2008, Edward Shishkin, an employee and programmer working for Namesys, said: "Commercial activity of Namesys has stopped." Shishkin and others continued the development of Reiser4,<ref>Namesys vanishes, but ReiserFS project lives on. http://www.news.com/8301-13580_3-9851703-39.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905032318/http://www.news.com/8301-13580_3-9851703-39.html |date=2008-09-05 }} CNet (January 16, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-01-26.</ref> making source code available from Shishkin's web site,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chichkin_i.zelnet.ru/namesys/ |title=Namesys things |publisher=Chichkin_i.zelnet.ru |access-date=2010-02-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324124748/http://chichkin_i.zelnet.ru/namesys/ |archive-date=2010-03-24 }}</ref> later relocated to [[kernel.org]].<ref>New location of Namesys software [https://lkml.org/lkml/2008/4/18/390 Linux Kernel Mailing List post, 2008-08-04]</ref> Since 2008, Namesys employees have received 100% of their sponsored funding from [[DARPA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mail-archive.com/reiserfs-list%40namesys.com/msg11961.html |title=Re: we got the DARPA grant to add views to Reiser4 |publisher=Mail-archive.com |date=2004-04-10 |access-date=2010-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=114785 |title=Bug 114785 – reiserfs won't mount with usrquota option |work=Red Hat Bugzilla }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/reports/3726/1/ |title=Reports - ext3 or ReiserFS? Hans Reiser Says Red Hat's Move Is Understandable - Red Hat's Decision is Conservative, Not Radical |publisher=LinuxPlanet |access-date=2010-02-08 |archive-date=2010-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122190149/http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/reports/3726/1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
In 2010, [[Phoronix]] wrote that Edward Shishkin was exploring options to get Reiser4 merged into Linux kernel mainline.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=NzY4OQ |title=Reiser4 May Go For Mainline Inclusion In 2010 |publisher=[[Phoronix]] |date=2009-11-10 |access-date= 2010-02-08}}</ref> {{As of|2019}}, the file system is still being updated for new kernel releases, but has not been submitted for merging.<ref name="phLinux5patch" /> In 2015, [[Michael Larabel]] mentioned it is unlikely to happen without corporate backing,<ref name=not-in-linux-4.0>{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-4.0-Missing-Features |author=Michael Larabel |date=23 February 2015 |title=KDBUS & Other Features You Won't Find In The Linux 4.0 Kernel |work=[[Phoronix]] }}</ref> and then he suggested in April 2019 that the main obstacle could be the renaming of Reiser4 to avoid | In 2010, [[Phoronix]] wrote that Edward Shishkin was exploring options to get Reiser4 merged into Linux kernel mainline.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=NzY4OQ |title=Reiser4 May Go For Mainline Inclusion In 2010 |publisher=[[Phoronix]] |date=2009-11-10 |access-date= 2010-02-08}}</ref> {{As of|2019}}, the file system is still being updated for new kernel releases, but has not been submitted for merging.<ref name="phLinux5patch" /> In 2015, [[Michael Larabel]] mentioned it is unlikely to happen without corporate backing,<ref name=not-in-linux-4.0>{{cite web |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-4.0-Missing-Features |author=Michael Larabel |date=23 February 2015 |title=KDBUS & Other Features You Won't Find In The Linux 4.0 Kernel |work=[[Phoronix]] }}</ref> and then he suggested in April 2019 that the main obstacle could be the renaming of Reiser4 so as to avoid any references to Reiser.<ref name="phLinux5patch" /> | ||
Shishkin announced a | Shishkin announced a Reiser5 filesystem on December 31, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lwn.net/ml/linux-kernel/ee55ce28-2434-d3c6-0d2d-2ed1ea8f35d7%40gmail.com/|title=[ANNOUNCE] Reiser5 (Format Release 5.X.Y)|date=2019-12-31|publisher=Linux Weekly News}}</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 92: | Line 90: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org ReiserFS and Reiser4 wiki] | *[https://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org ReiserFS and Reiser4 wiki] | ||
*[ | *[https://sourceforge.net/projects/reiser4/files/ Current Reiserfs4 patches] as [[Namesys]]' website is down | ||
*[http://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Reiser4progs Reiserfs v4 utilities] | *[http://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Reiser4progs Reiserfs v4 utilities] | ||
*[http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2003/8/9/172159/7912 Introduction to Reiser4] on [[kuro5hin]] | *[http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2003/8/9/172159/7912 Introduction to Reiser4] on [[kuro5hin]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:56, 27 September 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Infobox filesystem Reiser4 is a computer file system, successor to the ReiserFS file system, developed from scratch by Namesys and sponsored by DARPA as well as Linspire. Reiser4 was named after its former lead developer Hans Reiser. since 2021[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the Reiser4 patch set is still being maintained,[1][2] but according to Phoronix, it is unlikely to be merged into mainline Linux without corporate backing.[3]
Features
Some of the goals of the Reiser4 file system are:
- Atomicity (filesystem operations either complete, or they do not, and they do not corrupt due to partially occurring)
- Different transaction models: journaling, write-anywhere (copy-on-write), hybrid transaction model[4]
- More efficient journaling through wandering logs
- More efficient support of small files, in terms of disk space and speed through block suballocation
- Liquid items (or virtual keys) – a special format of records in the storage tree, which completely resolves the problem of internal fragmentation
- EOTTL (extents on the twig level) – fully balanced storage tree, meaning that all paths to objects are of equal length
- Faster handling of directories with large numbers of files
- Transparent compression: Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer (LZO), zlib
- Plugin infrastructure
- Dynamically optimized disk-layout through allocate-on-flush (also called delayed allocation in XFS)
- Delayed actions (tree balancing, compression, block allocation, local defragmentation)
- R and D (Rare and Dense) caches, synchronized at commit time
- Transactions support for user-defined integrity
- Metadata and inline-data checksums[5]
- Mirrors and failover[6]
- Precise discard support[7] with delayed issuing of discard requests for SSD devices[8]
Some of the more advanced Reiser4 features (such as user-defined transactions) are also not available because of a lack of a VFS API for them.
At present Reiser4 lacks a few standard file system features, such as an online repacker (similar to the defragmentation utilities provided with other file systems). The creators of Reiser4 say they will implement these later, or sooner if someone pays them to do so.[9]
Performance
Reiser4 uses B*-trees in conjunction with the dancing tree balancing approach, in which underpopulated nodes will not be merged until a flush to disk except under memory pressure or when a transaction completes. Such a system also allows Reiser4 to create files and directories without having to waste time and space through fixed blocks.
since 2004[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., synthetic benchmarks performed by Namesys in 2003 show that Reiser4 is 10 to 15 times faster than its most serious competitor ext3 working on files smaller than 1 KiB. Namesys's benchmarks suggest it is typically twice the performance of ext3 for general-purpose filesystem usage patterns.[10] Other benchmarks from 2006 show results of Reiser4 being slower on many operations.[11] Benchmarks conducted in 2013 with Linux Kernel version 3.10 show that Reiser4 is considerably faster in various tests compared to in-kernel filesystems ext4, btrfs and XFS.[12]
Integration with Linux
Reiser4 has patches for Linux 2.6, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x.,[13][1] but since 2019[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Reiser4 has not been merged into the mainline Linux kernel[1] and consequently is still not supported on many Linux distributions; however, its predecessor ReiserFS v3 has been widely adopted. Reiser4 is also available from Andrew Morton's -mm kernel sources, and from the Zen patch set. The Linux kernel developers claim that Reiser4 does not follow the Linux "coding style" by the decision to use its own plugin system,[14] but Hans Reiser suggested the decision was made for political reasons.[15] The latest released Reiser4 kernel patches and tools can be downloaded from Reiser4 project page at sourceforge.net.[2]
History of Reiser4
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Hans Reiser was convicted of murder on April 28, 2008, leaving the future of Reiser4 uncertain. After his arrest, employees of Namesys were assured they would continue to work and that the events would not slow down the software development in the immediate future. In order to afford increasing legal fees, Hans Reiser announced on December 21, 2006, that he was going to sell Namesys;[16] as of March 26, 2008, it had not been sold, although the website was unavailable. During a CNET interview in January 2008, Edward Shishkin, an employee and programmer working for Namesys, said: "Commercial activity of Namesys has stopped." Shishkin and others continued the development of Reiser4,[17] making source code available from Shishkin's web site,[18] later relocated to kernel.org.[19] Since 2008, Namesys employees have received 100% of their sponsored funding from DARPA.[20][21][22]
In 2010, Phoronix wrote that Edward Shishkin was exploring options to get Reiser4 merged into Linux kernel mainline.[23] since 2019[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the file system is still being updated for new kernel releases, but has not been submitted for merging.[1] In 2015, Michael Larabel mentioned it is unlikely to happen without corporate backing,[24] and then he suggested in April 2019 that the main obstacle could be the renaming of Reiser4 so as to avoid any references to Reiser.[1]
Shishkin announced a Reiser5 filesystem on December 31, 2019.[25]
See also
References
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- ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b https://reiser4.sourceforge.net/
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Namesys vanishes, but ReiserFS project lives on. http://www.news.com/8301-13580_3-9851703-39.html Template:Webarchive CNet (January 16, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-01-26.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ New location of Namesys software Linux Kernel Mailing List post, 2008-08-04
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links
- ReiserFS and Reiser4 wiki
- Current Reiserfs4 patches as Namesys' website is down
- Reiserfs v4 utilities
- Introduction to Reiser4 on kuro5hin
- Reiser4 transaction design document
- Trees in the Reiser4 Filesystem, Part I from Linux Journal
- Trees in the Reiser4 Filesystem, Part II from Linux Journal
- Hans Reiser: The Reiser4 Filesystem Hans Reiser's lecture at Google
- Why Reiser4 is not in the Linux Kernel at kernelnewbies.org and Hans Reiser's response to Kernelnewbies' criticism
- Reiser4 and the Politics of the Kernel by Bruce Byfield on Linux.com
- The Reiser4 Filesystem: Ways In Which Extra Rigor In Scientific Methodology Can Consume Years Of Your Life, And How The Result Can Be So Very Worthwhile - lecture given by Hans Reiser at Stanford University (video archive).
- Reiser4 Gentoo FAQ
- Metztli Reiser4 – a Debian installer including Reiser4