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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1478}}
{{About year|1478}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2019}}
[[File:Jean-Paul Laurens - Le pape et l'inquisiteur.jpg|250px|thumb|[[November 1]]: [[Pope Sixtus IV]] issues a papal bull authorizing [[Tomas de Torquemada]] to carry out the [[Spanish Inquisition]].]]
{{Year nav|1478}}
{{Year nav|1478}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1478''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1478''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
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== Events ==
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
<onlyinclude>
=== January&ndash;December ===
 
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Novgorod]] surrenders to [[Ivan III of Russia|Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow]].
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York]] is married to [[Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk]] in England.
* [[January 6]] &ndash; At [[Tabriz]], [[Sultan Khalil|Khalil Mirza]] is proclaimed the Sultan of [[Aq Qoyunlu]] (now in [[Iran]]) after the death of his father, Uzun Hasan. Khalil is overthrown by his brother Ya'qub in July.<ref>{{cite book|author=Woods, John E.|year=1999|title=The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire|publisher=University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City|page=128|isbn=0-87480-565-1}}</ref>
* [[January 15]] &ndash;  
**After a three month rebellion that began on October 9, [[Novgorod]] surrenders to [[Ivan III of Russia|Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow]], bringing an end to the separate existence (under Ivan) of the [[Novgorod Republic]]. The annexation of Novgorod becomes the beginning of the transition of the principality of Moscow to the Russian Empire.<ref>Hugh Y. Reyburn, ''The Story of the Russian Church'' (London: Andrew Melrose Ltd., 1924) p.70</ref>
[[File:The Marriage Of Richard Of Shrewsbury, Duke Of York, To Lady Anne Mowbray.jpg|150px|thumb|An [[1850]] representation of the wedding of Richard and Anne]]
**The wedding of [[Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York]], the 4-year-old son of [[Edward IV|King Edward IV of England]] to [[Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk|Anne de Mowbray]], the 5-year-old daughter of the Count of Norfolk, takes place in England.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=Bruce |last2=White |first2=William |title=Anne Mowbray, Duchess of York: A 15th-century child burial from the abbey of St Clare, in the London Boroush of Tower Hamlets |journal=London and Middlesex Archaeological Society Transactions |volume=67 |year=2016 |pages=229}}</ref>
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence]], convicted of [[treason]] against his older brother [[Edward IV of England]], is privately executed in the [[Tower of London]].
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence]], convicted of [[treason]] against his older brother [[Edward IV of England]], is privately executed in the [[Tower of London]].
* [[April 26]] &ndash; The [[Pazzi family]] attacks [[Lorenzo de' Medici]], and kills his brother [[Giuliano de' Medici|Giuliano]], during [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] in [[Florence Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pazzi conspiracy {{!}} Italian history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Pazzi-conspiracy |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=6 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 28]] &ndash; The initial draft of the [[Treaty of Brno (1478)|Treaty of Brno]], between the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], is agreed upon by envoys from both kingdoms, subject to modifications.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bartl |first1=Július |last2=Čičaj |first2=Viliam |year=2002|title=Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon |publisher= Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Slovenské Pedegogické Nakladatel'stvo |page=53 |isbn=0-86516-444-4}}</ref>
* [[May 14]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Shkodra]] in Albania begins.
 
* [[November]] &ndash; [[Eskender]] succeeds his father [[Baeda Maryam I|Baeda Maryam]] as [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], at the age of six.
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[November 1]] &ndash; The [[Spanish Inquisition]] begins.
* [[April 26]] &ndash; On Easter Sunday, the [[Pazzi family]] attacks [[Lorenzo de' Medici]], the ruler of the [[Republic of Florence]], and kills his brother [[Giuliano de' Medici|Giuliano]], during [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] in [[Florence Cathedral]]. A total of 80 accused conspirators are executed. With the death of his brother and co-ruler Giuliano, Lorenzo becomes the sole ruler of [[Florence]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pazzi conspiracy {{!}} Italian history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Pazzi-conspiracy |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=6 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Battle of Giornico]]: Swiss troops defeat the [[Milan]]ese.
* [[May 14]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Shkodra]] in Albania begins. [[Federico I Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua|Federico Gonzaga]] becomes the new ruler of the independent [[Duchy of Mantua]] in [[Italy]], three days after the death of his father, [[Ludovico III Gonzaga|Ludovico III]].<ref>G. M. Varanini, "[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/federico-igonzaga-marchese-di-mantova_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ Federico I Gonzaga, marchese di Mantova]", in ''[[Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani]]'', Vol. LVII, Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 2001</ref>
* [[May 28]] &ndash; Captain [[Juan Rejón]] of Aragon, charged with leading the conquest of the [[Canary Islands]] for the Spanish crown, departs with 600 men on three ships from the [[El Puerto de Santa María]], at the time part of the [[Kingdom of Seville]].<ref name=Abreu>{{cite book |last=Abréu Galindo |first=Juan de |title=Historia de la conquista de las siete islas de Gran Canaria |trans-title=History of the Conquest of the Seven Islands of Gran Canaria |url=https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12285/mdcte/1668 |year=1848 |publisher=Imprenta, Litografía y Librería Isleña |hdl=20.500.12285/mdcte/1668 |place=Santa Cruz de Tenerife |access-date=August 24, 2024}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] &ndash;  
**In the [[Battle of Khoy (1478)|Battle of Khoy]], [[Yaqub Aq Qoyunlu]] defeats his older brother, the Sultan Khalil of Aq Qoyunlu, and becomes the new Sultan.{{Cite book |title=The Cambridge History of Iran. |date=1968–1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=W. B. Fisher |isbn=0-521-06935-1 }} Khalil is executed after his capture.
**The [[Fourth Siege of Krujë]] comes to an end as the [[Albania]]n city surrenders to the  [[Ottoman Empire]], which had prevented food and supplies from reaching the town for a year. After the surrender, made on a promise that the occupants would be allowed to leave, most of the men in [[Krujë]] are killed and the women and children taken away to be sold as slaves.<ref>{{cite book |last=Freely |first=John|year=2010 |title=Children of Achilles: The Greeks in Asia Minor Since the Days of Troy |location=London |publisher=I. B. Tauris & Co. |isbn=9780857736307 }}</ref>
* [[June 24]] &ndash; After a rendezvous with other Castilian Navy ships, Captain Rejón and 1,300 men arrive at the [[:es:Bahía de las Isletas|Bay of Isletas]] on [[Gran Canaria]] island.<ref name=Abreu/>
* [[June 26]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Kokovo]] takes place when 600 peasants and miners in the [[Duchy of Carinthia]], led by [[King Matjaž]], attempt to defend their territory against a force of 20,000 Ottoman Turkish invaders.<ref>Janez J. Švajncer, "Military History of Slovenians", ''Obramba'' Special Edition (2001)</ref>
* [[June 28]] &ndash; A group of 500 of the Canarian natives, led by Adargoma, attack the Castilian invaders in the [[:es:Batalla del Guiniguada|Battle of Guiniguada]], and are forced to retreat from the larger and better armed Castilian force.<ref name=Abreu/>
 
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 27]] &ndash; A fleet of Portuguese warships arrives at the Bay of Isletas to rescue the Canarians and drive the Castilians off of Gran Canaria. Alerted to the Portuguese invaders, Rejón arranges for an ambush of the first to come ashore.<ref>{{cite book |last=López de Toro |first=José |year=1970 |title=La conquista de Gran Canaria en la "Cuarta Década" del cronista Alonso de Palencia. 1478-1480, in Anuario de Estudios Atlánticos |work=Anuario de Estudios Atlánticos |volume=1 |number=16 |pages=353–355 |place=Las Palmas de Gran Canaria |publisher=Patronato de la Casa de Colón |issn=0570-4065 |url=https://revistas.grancanaria.com/index.php/aea/article/view/222/222 |access-date=September 24, 2023}}</ref>
* [[August 1]] &ndash; Following a storm that prevents the landing of other ships at the island of Gran Canaria, the Portuguese Navy withdraws and sails back to Portugal.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fernandez Palencia|first=Alfonso|title=Fechos de España: Gesta Hispaniensia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IXrvw_YMAYMC&dq=mistral+o+maestral&pg=PA283|access-date=February 23, 2018|date=1999|publisher=Real Academia de la Historia|isbn=9788489512436|language=es}}</ref>
* [[August 24]] &ndash; In the Swiss [[canton of Lucerne]], the ''Amstaldenhandel'', a conspiracy by innkeeper Peter Amstalden of [[Schüpfheim]] to overthrow the canton government is foiled when Amstalden is arrested. After being interrogated and tortured, Amstalden is beheaded in November.
* [[September 1]] &ndash; King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary accepts the draft of the Treaty of Brno with slight modifications regarding the division of the lands of the Bohemian crowned claimed by both Hungary and King Vladisalus II of Bohemia. Under the terms, Vladislaus II cedes  [[Moravia]], [[Silesia]], and [[Lusatia]] to Corvinus, and both monarchs are permitted to refer to themselves as "King of Bohemia".<ref>Engel, Pál (translated by Tamas Palosfalvi). ''The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526''. I.B. Tauris, 2005. {{ISBN|1-85043-977-X}}.</ref>
 
=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 4]] &ndash; The [[University of Copenhagen]] is established by decree of King Chrisitian I, who sets down the rules and laws to govern the institution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://universitetshistorie.ku.dk/overblik/1479-1788/grundlaeggelsen/|title=History of the University of Copenhagen about 1479|date=23 September 2010|publisher=University of Copenhagen|access-date=25 August 2020|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401061506/https://universitetshistorie.ku.dk/overblik/1479-1788/grundlaeggelsen/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[November 1]] &ndash; The [[Spanish Inquisition]] begins as [[Pope Sixtus IV]] promulgates the [[papal bull]] ''Exigit sinceras devotionis affectus'', permitting the Crown of Castile, at the request of  Queen Isabella, to create the office of Inquisitor General, with the Dominican bishop [[Tomás de Torquemada]] to prosecute accused heretics.<ref>Richard E. Greenleaf,''Zumárraga and the Inquisition, 1536–1543'' (Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica). {{ISBN|9789681630041}} p.12</ref>
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Eskender]] succeeds his father [[Baeda Maryam I|Baeda Maryam]] as [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], at the age of seven, initially under the regency of his mother, [[Romna Wark]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Budge|first=E. A.|title=A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume I)|publisher=Methuen & Co.|year=1928|location=London|page=320|isbn=|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.499166/mode/2up}}</ref>
* [[December 28]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of Giornico]], Swiss troops defeat the army of [[Duchy of Milan]], leading to the cession of the [[Leventina District]] by Milan to the [[Canton of Uri]].<ref>{{HDS|8900|Battle of Giornico}}</ref>


=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] devolved from the [[Golden Horde]].
* The [[Demak Sultanate]], the first Islamic state on the island of [[Java]] (now in Indonesia), ruled by Panembahan Jimbun, gains independence from [[Majapahit]], after a [[Penang Sundaram Wisuta 1478|civil war]].<ref>Victor M. Fic, ''From Majapahit and Sukuh to Megawati Sukarnoputri: Continuity and Change in Pluralism of Religion, Culture and Politics of Indonesia from the XV to the XXI Century'' (Abhinav Publications, 2003) p.109 {{ISBN|9788170174042}}</ref>
* [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] becomes sole ruler of [[Florence]].
* Possibly the first reference to [[cricket]] (rendered as "criquet", is made in a French language manuscript.<ref>"Cricket", by H. S.Altham, in ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' Volume 6, (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1929), p.691</ref> <!-- The manuscript is discovered almost 500 years later by [[Rowland Bowen]] in the 20th century. The suggestion has been dismissed by some (most notably [[John Major]]) and presaged with [[Edward II of England|Edward II]]'s "Creag" ([[1300]]) by others. (Editor must have read this somewhere)-->
* The [[Demak Sultanate]] gains independence from [[Majapahit]], after a [[Penang Sundaram Wisuta 1478|civil war]].
* The [[Fourth Siege of Krujë]], [[Albania]] by the [[Ottoman Empire]], concludes and results in the town's capture, after the failure of three prior sieges.
* [[Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary|Vladislav II of Bohemia]] makes peace with [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]].
* Possibly the first reference to [[cricket]], in "criquet", as discovered in France by [[Rowland Bowen]] in the 20th century. It has been dismissed by some (most notably [[John Major]]) and presaged with [[Edward II of England|Edward II]]'s "Creag" ([[1300]]) by others.
*  [[Mondino de Liuzzi]]'s ''Anathomia corporis humani'', the first complete published anatomical text, is first printed (in [[Padua]]).</onlyinclude>
*  [[Mondino de Liuzzi]]'s ''Anathomia corporis humani'', the first complete published anatomical text, is first printed (in [[Padua]]).</onlyinclude>


Latest revision as of 07:19, 21 September 2025

Template:About year

File:Jean-Paul Laurens - Le pape et l'inquisiteur.jpg
November 1: Pope Sixtus IV issues a papal bull authorizing Tomas de Torquemada to carry out the Spanish Inquisition.

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".Year 1478 (MCDLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

File:The Marriage Of Richard Of Shrewsbury, Duke Of York, To Lady Anne Mowbray.jpg
An 1850 representation of the wedding of Richard and Anne

April–June

July–September

  • July 27 – A fleet of Portuguese warships arrives at the Bay of Isletas to rescue the Canarians and drive the Castilians off of Gran Canaria. Alerted to the Portuguese invaders, Rejón arranges for an ambush of the first to come ashore.[10]
  • August 1 – Following a storm that prevents the landing of other ships at the island of Gran Canaria, the Portuguese Navy withdraws and sails back to Portugal.[11]
  • August 24 – In the Swiss canton of Lucerne, the Amstaldenhandel, a conspiracy by innkeeper Peter Amstalden of Schüpfheim to overthrow the canton government is foiled when Amstalden is arrested. After being interrogated and tortured, Amstalden is beheaded in November.
  • September 1 – King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary accepts the draft of the Treaty of Brno with slight modifications regarding the division of the lands of the Bohemian crowned claimed by both Hungary and King Vladisalus II of Bohemia. Under the terms, Vladislaus II cedes Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia to Corvinus, and both monarchs are permitted to refer to themselves as "King of Bohemia".[12]

October–December

Date unknown

  • The Demak Sultanate, the first Islamic state on the island of Java (now in Indonesia), ruled by Panembahan Jimbun, gains independence from Majapahit, after a civil war.[17]
  • Possibly the first reference to cricket (rendered as "criquet", is made in a French language manuscript.[18]
  • Mondino de Liuzzi's Anathomia corporis humani, the first complete published anatomical text, is first printed (in Padua).

Births

Deaths

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Hugh Y. Reyburn, The Story of the Russian Church (London: Andrew Melrose Ltd., 1924) p.70
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ G. M. Varanini, "Federico I Gonzaga, marchese di Mantova", in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Vol. LVII, Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 2001
  7. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Janez J. Švajncer, "Military History of Slovenians", Obramba Special Edition (2001)
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Engel, Pál (translated by Tamas Palosfalvi). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. I.B. Tauris, 2005. Template:ISBN.
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Richard E. Greenleaf,Zumárraga and the Inquisition, 1536–1543 (Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica). Template:ISBN p.12
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Template:HDS
  17. ↑ Victor M. Fic, From Majapahit and Sukuh to Megawati Sukarnoputri: Continuity and Change in Pluralism of Religion, Culture and Politics of Indonesia from the XV to the XXI Century (Abhinav Publications, 2003) p.109 Template:ISBN
  18. ↑ "Cricket", by H. S.Altham, in Encyclopedia Britannica Volume 6, (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1929), p.691
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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