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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1459}}
{{About year|1459}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{hatnote|See also: [[14:59]]}}
{{hatnote|See also: [[14:59]]}}
[[File:FraMauroMap.jpg|250px|thumb|[[April 24]]: The [[Fra Mauro map]] of the known world is completed, suggesting that explorers can sail westward facross unexplored seas to reach Asia.]]
{{Year nav|1459}}
{{Year nav|1459}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1459''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1459''' ('''[[Roman numerals|''MCDLIX'']]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].


== Events ==
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
<onlyinclude>


=== January&ndash;December ===
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 18]] &ndash; The [[Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem]] is founded by [[Pope Pius II]], to defend the island of [[Lemnos]].
* [[January 18]] &ndash; The [[Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem]] is founded by [[Pope Pius II]], to defend the island of [[Lemnos]].
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Wars of the Roses]]: [[Battle of Blore Heath]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]] &ndash; [[Yorkist]]s under [[Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury]], defeat a [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] force.<ref>{{cite book|author=John Sadler|title=The Red Rose and the White: The Wars of the Roses, 1453-1487|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DI2rAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT86|date=14 January 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-90517-2|pages=86}}</ref>
* [[February 3]] &ndash; The coronation of [[Francis II, Duke of Brittany|François II]] as Duke of the semi-independent [[Duchy of Brittany]] takes place in [[Nantes]].
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor]] and Archduke of Austria, proclaims himself to be rightful [[King of Hungary]] and prepares to invade the kingdom in order to overthrow King [[Mathias Corvinus]].<ref>Marcus Tanner, ''The Raven King: Matthias Corvinus, and the Fate of his Library'' (Yale University Press, 2008) pp. 53–54</ref>
* [[March 4]] &ndash; Austrian troops, on orders of Frederick III, invade Hungary, starting the Austrian–Hungarian War. The war continues for three years before the Austrians withdraw in 1462.
 
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Stefan Branković]], despot of Serbia, is overthrown by [[Thomas of Bosnia|King Stefan Tomaš]] of [[Bosnia]], who installs his son, Stephen Tomašević as the new despot<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ćirković|first=Sima|author-link=Sima Ćirković|chapter=Српска властела у борби за обнову Деспотовине|trans-chapter=Serbian nobility in the struggle for the restoration of the Despotate|title=Историја српског народа|trans-title=History of the Serbian people|volume=2|year=1982|location=Београд|publisher=Српска књижевна задруга|page=375|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KXNpAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA373}}</ref>
* [[April 24]] &ndash; The [[Fra Mauro map]] of the world is completed by the Italian [[cartographers]] [[Fra Mauro]] and [[Andrea Bianco]], who had been hired by the late King Afonso V of Portugal to produce an up-to-date geography for the use by explorers.<ref>Cattaneo, Angelo, Fra Mauro's Mappa mundi and Fifteenth-Century Venice. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers (Series "Terrarum Orbis" directed by P. Gautier Dalché), 2011 [{{ISBN|2503523781}}]</ref>
* [[April 25]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Eger]] is signed by representatives of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]] and the [[Electorate of Saxony]], setting a border that remains more than 500 years later as the border between the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Germany]] as running along the main ridge of the [[Ore Mountains]] from Eger to the River [[Elbe]].<ref>[[André Thieme]], [http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/id/1704431 ''Eger 1459: Fürstentreffen zwischen Sachsen, Böhmen und ihren achbarn: dynastische Politik, fürstliche Repräsentation und kulturelle Verflechtung''] ("Eger 1459: Princely meeting between Saxony, Bohemia and their neighbors: dynastic politics, princely representation and cultural interweaving"), (Dössel, 2011)</ref>
* [[May 3]], Pope Pius II issues a [[papal bull]] to approve building the [[University of Valence]] in France. The university will exist for almost 240 years before being closed during the French Revolution.
* [[May 12]] &ndash; In India, [[Rao Jodha]], ruler of the [[Kingdom of Marwar]] (now in the state of [[Rajasthan]]) selects the site of a new capital city, which will be named [[Jodhpur]] in his honor.<ref>[http://www.maharajajodhpur.com/fort/fort_hist.htm Mehrangarh Fort-Jodhpur<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120141657/http://www.maharajajodhpur.com/fort/fort_hist.htm |date=20 November 2008 }}</ref>
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius II]] arrives in [[Mantua]] in the Italian region of Lombardy as the guest of [[Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua]], in order to convene the [[Council of Mantua (1459)|Council of Mantua]] in hopes of organizing a crusade against the Ottoman Empire.<ref name=Mantua>{{Cite web |url=http://digilib.bibliotecateresiana.it/sfoglia_storia.php?op=esplora_ric&sottogruppo=164.F.28&gruppo=&pag=104 |title=apertura del Concilio di Mantova |trans-title=Opening of the Council of Mantua|access-date=August 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510081234/http://digilib.bibliotecateresiana.it/sfoglia_storia.php?op=esplora_ric&sottogruppo=164.F.28&gruppo=&pag=104 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Meetings being on June 1 the Council continues for six months.
* [[June 20]] &ndash; The [[Despotate of Serbia]] comes to an end as the despot [[Stefan Tomašević]] [[Siege of Smederevo (1459)|surrenders the last Serbian city]], [[Smederevo]], without a fight.
 
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; The [[Marinid dynasty|Sultanate of Morocco]] renews its siege of [[Ksar es-Seghir]] (renamed Alcácer-Ceguer), which had been seized by the Kingdom of Portgal on October 24, 1458. The Portuguese Governor [[Duarte de Meneses, 3rd Count of Viana|Duarte de Meneses]] leads the defense of the city against the attacks led by the Sultan [[Abd al-Haqq II]], who calls off the siege after less than two months.<ref name=Agostinho>Agostinho Manuel de Vasconcellos,''Vida de Don Duarte de Meneses, Tercero Conde de Viana y sucessos notables de Portugal en su tiempo'', published 1627, Lisbon: Pedro Craesbeeck. [https://books.google.com/books?id=DJlx_98VmksC&pg=PP5 online]</ref>
* [[August 24]] &ndash; Morocco's Sultan Abd al-Haqq II ends his siege of the Portuguese fortress at Ksar es-Seghir.<ref name=Agostinho/>
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Wars of the Roses]]: At the [[Battle of Blore Heath]] in the [[Kingdom of England]], [[Yorkist]]s under [[Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury]], defeat a [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] force.<ref>{{cite book|author=John Sadler|title=The Red Rose and the White: The Wars of the Roses, 1453-1487|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DI2rAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT86|date=14 January 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-90517-2|pages=86}}</ref>
* [[September 26]] &ndash; Pope Pius II calls upon the participants of at the Council of Mantua to fund and participate in a Christian crusade to recapture Constantinople from the Muslim Ottomans, who had seized it in 1453.<ref name=Mantua/>
 
=== October&ndash;December === 
* [[October 12]] &ndash; Wars of the Roses: With a royal force advancing on his fortress at [[Ludlow]], [[Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York]], flees to Ireland, while his ally [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick]] (Warwick the Kingmaker, eldest son of the Earl of Salisbury) goes to [[Calais]].
* [[October 12]] &ndash; Wars of the Roses: With a royal force advancing on his fortress at [[Ludlow]], [[Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York]], flees to Ireland, while his ally [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick]] (Warwick the Kingmaker, eldest son of the Earl of Salisbury) goes to [[Calais]].
* [[November 12]] &ndash; Pope Pius II issues the [[papal bull]] ''Inter Ceteras'', founding the [[University of Basel]] in Switzerland, though the university does not begin operations until April 4 the following year.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Wallraff |first1=Martin |url=https://schwabe.ch/schatzkammern-der-universitaet-basel-978-3-7965-2674-9 |title=Schatzkammern der Universität |last2=Stöcklin-Kaldewey |first2=Sara |publisher=Schwabe Verlag |year=2010 |isbn=978-3-7965-2674-9 |pages=16}}</ref><ref>Wilhelm Vischer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=NM4WAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA268 ''Geschichte der Universität Basel von der Gründung 1460 bis zur Reformation 1529,''] {{in lang|de|la}}, (H. Georg, 1860), pp. 268-270.  {{Cite journal |last=Staehelin |first=Ernst |title=Die Universität Basel in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart |url=https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=jus-002:1960:45::6 |journal=Archiv für das schweizerische Unterrichtswesen |pages=7–8 }}</ref>
* [[November 20]] &ndash; In England, the "[[Parliament of Devils]]" (so called because it consists of [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] supporters and [[Yorkist]] nobles are not invited) opens its session at [[Coventry]] in [[St Mary's Priory and Cathedral]].
* [[December 18]] &ndash; At the consistory of 1439, [[Pope Eugene IV]] appoints an unprecedented 17 Roman Catholic cardinals.<ref>{{cite web|authorlink=Salvador Miranda (historian) |last=Miranda |first=Salvador |title=Consistories for the creation of Cardinals 12th Century (1099-1198): Eugenius IV (1431-1447) |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/consistories-xv.htm#EugeniusIV|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |accessdate=|publisher=[[Florida International University]]|oclc=53276621}}</ref> 
* [[December 20]] &ndash; England's "Parliament of Devils" is dissolved after accomplishhing its purpose of passing [[bill of attainer|bills of attainder]] for [[high treason]], indictments of  [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York]] and other Yorkist supporters in the War of the Roses. Other prominent Yorkists charges are [[Edward IV of England|Edward, Earl of March]] (the future King Edward IV), [[Edmund, Earl of Rutland]], [[Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury]], and his son, [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick]].


=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Wallachia]]n town of [[Bucharest]] is first mentioned.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sonnenburg |first1=Stephan |last2=Baker |first2=Laura |title=Branded Spaces: Experience Enactments and Entanglements |date=February 26, 2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-658-01561-9 |page=236 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WQ_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 |language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Wallachia]]n town of [[Bucharest]] is first mentioned.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sonnenburg |first1=Stephan |last2=Baker |first2=Laura |title=Branded Spaces: Experience Enactments and Entanglements |date=February 26, 2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-658-01561-9 |page=236 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WQ_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 |language=en}}</ref>
* The city of [[Jodhpur]], in western India, is founded by [[Rao Jodha]] of [[Marwar]].
* [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York|Richard, Duke of York]], [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]], returns on a second visit to Ireland.<ref name="FO">''The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland.'' Foster, RF. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1989</ref>  The Irish Parliament, meeting at [[Drogheda]], upholds his authority against [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], and an English Act of [[Attainder]].  
* [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York|Richard, Duke of York]], [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]], returns on a second visit to Ireland.<ref name="FO">''The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland.'' Foster, RF. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1989</ref>  The Irish Parliament, meeting at [[Drogheda]], upholds his authority against [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], and an English Act of [[Attainder]].  
* [[Richard Hygons]], English composer, begins fifty years of service at [[Wells Cathedral]].
* [[Richard Hygons]], English composer, begins fifty years of service at [[Wells Cathedral]].

Revision as of 21:29, 16 August 2025

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File:FraMauroMap.jpg
April 24: The Fra Mauro map of the known world is completed, suggesting that explorers can sail westward facross unexplored seas to reach Asia.

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".Year 1459 (MCDLIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Religion

Births

Deaths

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Marcus Tanner, The Raven King: Matthias Corvinus, and the Fate of his Library (Yale University Press, 2008) pp. 53–54
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Cattaneo, Angelo, Fra Mauro's Mappa mundi and Fifteenth-Century Venice. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers (Series "Terrarum Orbis" directed by P. Gautier Dalché), 2011 [[[:Template:ISBN]]]
  4. ↑ André Thieme, Eger 1459: Fürstentreffen zwischen Sachsen, Böhmen und ihren achbarn: dynastische Politik, fürstliche Repräsentation und kulturelle Verflechtung ("Eger 1459: Princely meeting between Saxony, Bohemia and their neighbors: dynastic politics, princely representation and cultural interweaving"), (Dössel, 2011)
  5. ↑ Mehrangarh Fort-Jodhpur Template:Webarchive
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Agostinho Manuel de Vasconcellos,Vida de Don Duarte de Meneses, Tercero Conde de Viana y sucessos notables de Portugal en su tiempo, published 1627, Lisbon: Pedro Craesbeeck. online
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Wilhelm Vischer, Geschichte der Universität Basel von der Gründung 1460 bis zur Reformation 1529, Template:In lang, (H. Georg, 1860), pp. 268-270. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland. Foster, RF. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1989
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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