1457: Difference between revisions

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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1457}}
{{About year|1457}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}}
[[File:Ming Yingzong (1).jpg|250px|thumb|February 11: China's [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming]] returns to the throne in coup d'etat]]
{{Year nav|1457}}
{{Year nav|1457}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1457''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1457''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
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=== January&ndash;December ===
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[February 11]] &ndash; After years of captivity and absence from the [[Ming dynasty|Ming throne]], the [[Zhengtong Emperor]] of [[China]] is reinstated, as the [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming|Tianshun Emperor]].
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Jan IV of Oświęcim|Jan IV]], [[Duchy of Oświęcim|Duke of Oświęcim]], sells the [[duchy]] to the [[Kingdom of Poland]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Krzysztof Rafał |last=Prokop |title=Księstwa oświęcimskie i zatorskie wobec Korony Polskiej w latach 1438-1513. Dzieje polityczne|trans-title=The Duchies of Oświęcim and Zator in the Relations with the Polish Crown in the Years 1438-1513. Political History|publisher= [[Polish Academy of Learning|PAU]]|place=Kraków |year=2002 |pages = 151 |isbn = 83-88857-31-2 | language = pl}}</ref>
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Charles VIII of Sweden]] is declared deposed. The [[Archbishop of Sweden]], [[Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]], and statesman [[Erik Axelsson Tott]] become co-regents of [[Sweden]]. The throne is then offered to [[Christian I of Denmark]] and [[Norway]].
* [[February 11]] &ndash; In [[Ming dynasty]] China, the [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming]] is returned to the throne by General Cao Jixiang and other officers who had staged a coup d'etat and overthrown his brother, the [[Jingtai Emperor|Emperor Daizong]].<ref name=Fang>{{Cite book |last1=Goodrich |first1=L. Carington |author-link1=Luther Carrington Goodrich |title=Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644 |last2=Fang |first2=Chaoying |author-link2=Fang Chao-ying |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1976 |page=292-298 |isbn=0-231-03801-1 |location=New York}}</ref> Yingzong, whose first reign was the [[Zhengtong Emperor|Zhengtong era]], proclaims the [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming|Tianshun era]].
* [[March 6]] &ndash; King [[James II of Scotland]] decrees that ". . . {{lang|en-emodeng|ye futebawe and ye golf be uterly cryt done and not usyt}} . . ", the first historical mention of the game of [[golf]].
* [[February 24]] &ndash; King [[Charles VIII of Sweden]] is [[War of Deposition against Karl Knutsson|declared deposed]] after fleeing from Stockholm to Danzig following a rebellion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sundberg |first=Ulf |title=Sveriges krig 1448-1630 |publisher=Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek |year=2010 |page=66 |isbn=9789185789627 |language=sv |trans-title=Sweden's wars 1448-1630}}</ref>  The [[Archbishop of Sweden]], [[Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]], and statesman [[Erik Axelsson Tott]] become co-regents of [[Sweden]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Larsson |first=Lars-Olof |title=Kalmarunionens tid: Från Drottning Margareta till Kristian II |publisher=[[Norstedts]] |year=2003 |page=285 |isbn=9789151842172 |language=sv |trans-title=The Era of the Kalmar Union: From Queen Margaretha to Christian II}}</ref> The coup leaders then offer the throne to [[Christian I of Denmark|Christian I]], King of [[Denmark]] and [[Norway]].
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Chenghua Emperor|Prince Zhu Jianshen]] is designated as the heir to the Chinese throne by his father, the [[Emperor Yingzong of Ming|Emperor Yingzong]].<ref name=Fang/>
* [[March 6]] &ndash; King [[James II of Scotland]] gives royal assent to laws passed by the Scottish Parliament, including several relating to the killing of various animals including rooks, crows and other birds of prey, as well as red fish, wolves, hares and rabbits Approval is also given for the [[Wapinschaws Act 1457]] (regarding weapon shows, the required gathering of troops for review in each district four times a year) which makes the first written mention of the game of [[golf]]. The act declares that while [[archery]] is to be used at the gatherings, "the fut bal ande the golf are to be uterly cryt done and not usyt" ("football and golf are to be shouted down and not used", subject to arrest by the King's officers for violations.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Acta Parliamentorum Regis Jacobi Secundi |title=An Abridgement of the Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4H5hAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA2-PA6 |first=William |last=Alexander |publisher=Adam and Charles Black |location=Edinburgh |date=1841 |pages=441–442 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Ladislaus Hunyadi]], who had assassinated the Hungarian regent [[Ulrich II, Count of Celje|Ulrich of Celje]] on November 9, is arrested soon after being tricked by [[Ladislaus the Posthumous|King Ladislaus V]] into believing that he would become Lord Treasurer and Captain-General upon his arrival in Budapest.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cartledge |first=Bryan |year=2011|title=The Will to Survive: A History of Hungary |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. |page=61|isbn=978-1-84904-112-6}}</ref>Hunyadi is beheaded two days later by order of the King.<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Hunyadi, László| volume= 13 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| pages = 956–957 |short= 1 }}</ref>
* [[March 25]] &ndash; At the age of 11, [[Mirza Shah Mahmud]] briefly becomes the Sultan of the Timurid Empire upon the death at [[Mashhad]] of the Sultan [[Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza]].<ref>Maria E. Subtelny, ''[https://archive.org/details/brills-inner-asian-library-maria-e.-subtelny-timurids-in-transition-turko-persia/page/48/mode/1up Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Persia]'', Vol. 7, (Brill, 2007), p. 49.</ref> Shah Mahmud is overthrown a few weeks later by his cousin [[Ibrahim Mirza (Timurid)|Ibrahim Mirza]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Manz |first=Beatrice Forbes |title=Power, politics and religion in Timurid Iran |date=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521865470 |pages=102}}</ref>
 
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Ştefan cel Mare]] secures the throne of [[Moldavia]], which he retains for the next 47 years.
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Ştefan cel Mare]] secures the throne of [[Moldavia]], which he retains for the next 47 years.
* [[May 15]] &ndash; The Swiss city of [[St. Gallen]] becomes a free imperial city within the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] upon payment of 7,000 [[Guilder|gulden]] to its former abbot, [[Kaspar von Breitenlandenberg]].<ref>Gössi, Anton: ''St. Gallen - Äbte: Kaspar von Breitenlandenberg, 1442-1463.'' in: ''Helvetia Sacra''. III: ''Die Orden mit Benediktinerregel''. 2/1: ''Frühe Klöster, die Benediktiner und Benediktinerinnen in der Schweiz''. Francke Verlag, Bern 1986, pp.1317-1319.</ref>
* [[May 25]] &ndash; The city of [[Gdańsk]] is granted full autonomy by King Casimir IV of Poland.<ref>{{cite book |title=Danziger Wohnkultur in der frühen Neuzeit |first=Corina |last=Hess |publisher=LIT Verlag |location=Berlin-Hamburg-Münster |year=2007 |isbn=978-3-8258-8711-7 |page=45}}</ref>
* [[June 23]] &ndash; Christian I is elected king of Sweden, ending the war between Sweden and Denmark and restoring the [[Kalmar union|Kalmar Union]].
* [[June 23]] &ndash; Christian I is elected king of Sweden, ending the war between Sweden and Denmark and restoring the [[Kalmar union|Kalmar Union]].
*[[June 29]] &ndash; The Dutch city of [[Dordrecht]] is devastated by fire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Building|url=https://grotekerkdordrecht.com/en/stories/building/|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Vrienden van de Grote Kerk Dordrecht|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[June 29]] &ndash; The Dutch city of [[Dordrecht]] is devastated by fire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Building|url=https://grotekerkdordrecht.com/en/stories/building/|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Vrienden van de Grote Kerk Dordrecht|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== July&ndash;September===
* [[July 21]] &ndash; Former Korean King [[Danjong of Joseon|Danjong]] (who had been given a comfortable office as "King Emeritus") is arrested after having conspired to reclaim the throne of Korea from his uncle, [[Sejo of Joseon|King Sejo]]. [[Six martyred ministers|The other six conspirators]] ([[Sŏng Sammun]], [[Pak Paeng-nyeon]], [[Ha Wi-ji]], [[Yi Kae]], [[Yu Ŭngbu]], and [[Yu Sŏngwŏn]]) are executed, while Danjong is initially spared the death penalty.
* [[August 14]] &ndash; The [[Mainz Psalter]], the second major book printed with movable type in the West, the first to be wholly finished mechanically (including colour), and the first to carry a printed date, is printed for the [[Elector of Mainz]].
* [[August 14]] &ndash; The [[Mainz Psalter]], the second major book printed with movable type in the West, the first to be wholly finished mechanically (including colour), and the first to carry a printed date, is printed for the [[Elector of Mainz]].
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ujëbardha]]: One of [[Skanderbeg]]'s most important victories is won against the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] army, in the open field.
* [[September 2]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Albulena]], the Albanian general [[Skanderbeg]]'s defeats [[Ottoman Empire]] army, in the open field.<ref>{{cite book |last=Babinger |first=Franz |author-link=Franz Babinger |editor1-last=Hickman |editor1-first=William C. |translator-last=Manheim |translator-first=Ralph |translator-link=Ralph Manheim |year=1978 |title=Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPxC6rO7vvsC |location=Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=152 |isbn=978-0-691-01078-6}}</ref>
 
=== October&ndash;December===
* [[October 22]] &ndash; After serving as the [[List of doges of Venice|Doge]] of the [[Republic of Venice]] for 34 years, [[Francesco Foscari]] is forced to abdicate by the [[Council of Ten]]. Foscari dies 10 days later on November 1 at the age of 84.<ref>{{cite book |last=Romano |first=Dennis |title=The Likeness of Venice: A Life of Doge Francesco Foscari |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-300-11202-3 }}</ref>
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[Pasquale Malipiero]] is elected as the new Doge of Venice.<ref>{{Cite book |last=MacKay |first=George Eric |title=The Doges of Venice chronologically arranged, with historical notes. |date=1878 |publisher=[[National Central Library of Florence]] |location=Venice |pages=91–92 |language=English |oclc=562056502}}</ref>
* [[November 23]] &ndash; [[Ladislaus the Posthumous|King Ladislaus V]], King of Hungary, King of Croatia, and Duke of Austria since [[1440]], as well as [[King of Bohemia]] since 1453, dies suddenly at the age of 17 while in [[Prague]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kubinyi |first=András |year=2008 |title=Matthias Rex |publisher= Balassi Kiadó|page=27|isbn=978-963-506-767-1}}</ref> Although suspected by his allies to have been the victim of poisoning, examination of his remains indicates later that he died from [[bubonic plague]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Tringli |first=István |editor1-last=Gujdár |editor1-first=Noémi |editor2-last=Szatmáry |editor2-first=Nóra |title=Magyar királyok nagykönyve: Uralkodóink, kormányzóink és az erdélyi fejedelmek életének és tetteinek képes története ''[Encyclopedia of the Kings of Hungary: An Illustrated History of the Life and Deeds of Our Monarchs, Regents and the Princes of Transylvania]'' |publisher=Reader's Digest |year=2012 |page=139 |chapter=V. László |isbn=978-963-289-214-6 |language=hu}}</ref> [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor]] is declared Duke of Austria, while [[Matthias Corvinus]] attempts to become the new King of Hungary and Croatia, while [[George of Poděbrady]] vies to become the new King of Bohemia.
* [[December 23]] &ndash; [[Pope Calixtus III]] declares Albanian hero Skanderbeg to be a Captain-General of the [[Holy See]] and gives him the title ''[[Athleta Christi]]'' ("Champion of Christ"). <ref>{{Citation|last=Babinger|first=Franz|author-link=Franz Babinger| title=Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPxC6rO7vvsC|year=1992|publisher=Princeton University Press|pages=152–153|isbn=978-0-691-01078-6}}</ref>


=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===

Latest revision as of 05:12, 26 July 2025

Template:About year

File:Ming Yingzong (1).jpg
February 11: China's Emperor Yingzong of Ming returns to the throne in coup d'etat

Template:Year nav Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".Year 1457 (MCDLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

Deaths

References

Template:Reflist

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  7. ↑ File:Wikisource-logo.svg This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  8. ↑ Maria E. Subtelny, Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Persia, Vol. 7, (Brill, 2007), p. 49.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Gössi, Anton: St. Gallen - Äbte: Kaspar von Breitenlandenberg, 1442-1463. in: Helvetia Sacra. III: Die Orden mit Benediktinerregel. 2/1: Frühe Klöster, die Benediktiner und Benediktinerinnen in der Schweiz. Francke Verlag, Bern 1986, pp.1317-1319.
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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