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{{short description|Hindu spiritual hermitage or monastery}}
{{short description|Hindu spiritual hermitage or monastery}}
{{about|spiritual hermitages or monasteries|other uses|Ashram (disambiguation)}}
{{about|spiritual hermitages or monasteries|other uses|Ashram (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Shakuntala plaque from Bhita.jpg|thumb|Ashram of sage ''[[Kanva]]'' depicted on terracotta plaque, 2nd century BCE.]]
[[File:Shakuntala plaque from Bhita.jpg|thumb|Ashram of sage ''[[Kanva]]'' depicted on terracotta plaque, 2nd century BCE]]
An '''ashram'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashram |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ashram |publisher=Cambridge English Dictionary |access-date=4 December 2019 |quote=a place where a group of Hindus live together away from the rest of society, or a place where Hindus can go in order to pray}}</ref> ({{langx|sa|आश्रम}}, {{IAST|āśrama}}) is a spiritual [[Hermitage (religious retreat)|hermitage]] or a [[monastery]] in [[Indian religions]], not including [[Buddhism]].<ref name="Swahananda1990">{{cite book|author=Swami Swahananda|title=Monasteries in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCyRen5mGAAC&pg=PA92|date=1 January 1990|publisher=Vedanta Press|isbn=978-0-87481-047-9|pages=92–}}</ref><ref name="Dreuille1999">{{cite book|author=Mayeul de Dreuille|title=From East to West: A History of Monasticism|chapter=1 Hindu mansticism|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXTaxKSFHeMC&pg=PA3|year=1999|publisher=Gracewing Publishing|isbn=978-0-85244-464-1|pages=3–27}}</ref>
An '''ashram'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashram |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ashram |publisher=Cambridge English Dictionary |access-date=4 December 2019 |quote=a place where a group of Hindus live together away from the rest of society, or a place where Hindus can go in order to pray}}</ref> ({{langx|sa|आश्रम}}, {{IAST|āśrama}}) is a spiritual [[Hermitage (religious retreat)|hermitage]] or a [[monastery]] in [[Indian religions]], not including [[Buddhism]].<ref name="Swahananda1990">{{cite book|author=Swami Swahananda|title=Monasteries in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCyRen5mGAAC&pg=PA92|date=1 January 1990|publisher=Vedanta Press|isbn=978-0-87481-047-9|pages=92–}}</ref><ref name="Dreuille1999">{{cite book|author=Mayeul de Dreuille|title=From East to West: A History of Monasticism|chapter=1 Hindu mansticism|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXTaxKSFHeMC&pg=PA3|year=1999|publisher=Gracewing Publishing|isbn=978-0-85244-464-1|pages=3–27}}</ref>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The Sanskrit noun {{IAST|āśrama-}} is a thematic nominal derivative from the root {{IAST|śram<sup>i</sup>}} 'toil' (< [[Proto-Indo-European|PIE]] *''ḱremh<sub>2</sub>'', {{confer}} [[śramaṇa]]) with the prefix {{IAST|ā}} 'towards.'<ref>{{cite book|author=Manfred Mayrhofer|title=Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen I. Band|page=664|publisher=Winter|year=1992|place=Heidelberg}}</ref> An ashram is a place where one strives towards a goal in a disciplined manner. Such a goal could be [[ascetic]], [[spirituality|spiritual]], [[yogic]] or any other.<ref name="Johnston2000p94">{{cite book|author=George Weckman| editor= William M. Johnston|title=Encyclopedia of Monasticism: A-L|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfC0TDkJJNgC&pg=PA94 |year=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-57958-090-2|page=94}}</ref>
The Sanskrit noun {{IAST|āśrama-}} is a thematic nominal derivative from the root {{IAST|śram<sup>i</sup>}} 'toil' (< [[Proto-Indo-European|PIE]] *''ḱremh<sub>2</sub>'', {{confer}} [[śramaṇa]]) with the prefix {{IAST|ā}} 'towards.'<ref>{{cite book|author=Manfred Mayrhofer|title=Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen I. Band|page=664|publisher=Winter|year=1992|place=Heidelberg}}</ref> An ashram is a place where one strives towards a goal in a disciplined manner. Such a goal could be [[ascetic]], [[spirituality|spiritual]], [[yogic]] or any other.<ref name="Johnston2000p94">{{cite book|author=George Weckman| editor= William M. Johnston|title=Encyclopedia of Monasticism: A-L|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfC0TDkJJNgC&pg=PA94 |year=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-57958-090-2|page=94}}</ref>


==Overview==
==Overview==
[[File:Sevagram Ashram .jpg|thumb|Sevagram Ashram in Sabramati, 1936.]]
[[File:Sevagram Ashram .jpg|thumb|Sevagram Ashram in Sabramati, 1936]]
An ashram would traditionally, but not necessarily in contemporary times, be located far from human habitation, in [[forest]]s or [[mountain|mountainous regions]], amidst refreshing natural surroundings conducive to spiritual instruction and [[meditation]]. The residents of an ashram regularly performed spiritual and physical exercises, such as the various forms of [[yoga]]. Other sacrifices and penances, such as [[yajna]]s, were also performed.<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/70 70]|editor=K. S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Many ashrams also served as [[gurukula]]s, residential schools for children under the [[guru-shishya tradition]].
An ashram would traditionally, but not necessarily in contemporary times, be located far from human habitation, in [[forest]]s or [[mountain|mountainous regions]], amidst refreshing natural surroundings conducive to spiritual instruction and [[meditation]]. The residents of an ashram regularly performed spiritual and physical exercises, such as the various forms of [[yoga]]. Other sacrifices and penances, such as [[yajna]]s, were also performed.<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/70 70]|editor=K. S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Many ashrams also served as [[gurukula]]s, residential schools for children under the [[guru-shishya tradition]].


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==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Sabarmati-Ashram-8.jpg|[[Sabarmati Ashram]], where [[Mahatma Gandhi]] stayed.
File:Sabarmati-Ashram-8.jpg|[[Sabarmati Ashram]], where [[Mahatma Gandhi]] stayed
File:Sevagram Ashram .jpg|Sevagram Ashram
File:Sevagram Ashram .jpg|Sevagram Ashram
File:Inside Gandhiji Ashram, Seva Gram.jpg|Ashram with folk architectural elements with wood and bamboo roof.
File:Inside Gandhiji Ashram, Seva Gram.jpg|Ashram with folk architectural elements with wood and bamboo roof
File:Gandhiji's room @ gandhi ashram.JPG|Arshram in Sabarmati  
File:Gandhiji's room @ gandhi ashram.JPG|Arshram in Sabarmati  
File:Sabarmati Ashram during Dwaraka DWARASPDB 2015 (14).jpg|Sabarmati Ashram with folk architectural elements; stone floors and wood and lime-plaster walls.
File:Sabarmati Ashram during Dwaraka DWARASPDB 2015 (14).jpg|Sabarmati Ashram with folk architectural elements; stone floors and wood and lime-plaster walls
File:Refurbished roof of the Kutir of Maganlaal gandhiji at Sabarmati ashram , ahamadaabad.jpg|Wooden rafters in ashram  
File:Refurbished roof of the Kutir of Maganlaal gandhiji at Sabarmati ashram , ahamadaabad.jpg|Wooden rafters in ashram  
File:Hut inside Gandhi Ashram.JPG|Small ashram hut in Sabramati  
File:Hut inside Gandhi Ashram.JPG|Small ashram hut in Sabramati  

Latest revision as of 02:50, 15 June 2025

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File:Shakuntala plaque from Bhita.jpg
Ashram of sage Kanva depicted on terracotta plaque, 2nd century BCE

An ashram[1] (Template:Langx, Template:Transliteration) is a spiritual hermitage or a monastery in Indian religions, not including Buddhism.[2][3]

Etymology

The Sanskrit noun Template:Transliteration is a thematic nominal derivative from the root Template:Transliteration 'toil' (< PIE *ḱremh2, Template:Confer śramaṇa) with the prefix Template:Transliteration 'towards.'[4] An ashram is a place where one strives towards a goal in a disciplined manner. Such a goal could be ascetic, spiritual, yogic or any other.[5]

Overview

File:Sevagram Ashram .jpg
Sevagram Ashram in Sabramati, 1936

An ashram would traditionally, but not necessarily in contemporary times, be located far from human habitation, in forests or mountainous regions, amidst refreshing natural surroundings conducive to spiritual instruction and meditation. The residents of an ashram regularly performed spiritual and physical exercises, such as the various forms of yoga. Other sacrifices and penances, such as yajnas, were also performed.[6] Many ashrams also served as gurukulas, residential schools for children under the guru-shishya tradition.

Sometimes, the goal of a pilgrimage to the ashram was not tranquility, but instruction in some art, especially warfare. In the Ramayana, the princes of ancient Ayodhya, Rama, and Lakshmana, go to Vishvamitra's ashram to protect his yajnas from being defiled by emissary-demons of Ravana. After they prove their mettle, the princes receive martial instruction from the sage, especially in the use of divine weapons. In the Mahabharata, Krishna, in his youth, goes to the ashram of Sandipani to gain knowledge of both intellectual and spiritual matters.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Schools in Maharashtra

Boarding schools, especially in the tribal areas of Maharashtra and elsewhere in India, are called ashram shala or ashram schools. One such school is the Lok Biradari Prakalp Ashram Shala.[7][8]

In the West

A number of ashrams have been established outside India. Typically, these ashrams are connected to Indian lineages,[9] focus on imparting Yoga-related teachings, often in residential retreats, and are headed by spiritual teachers (Indians or Western).

Gallery

See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Worship in Hinduism

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