1481: Difference between revisions

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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1481}}
{{About year|1481}}
[[File:An auto-da-fé of the Spanish Inquisition and the execution o Wellcome V0041892.jpg|250px|thumb|[[February 6]]: The first of many uses of the ''[[auto-da-fé]]'' of the [[Spanish Inquisition]] is carried out in the city of [[Seville]] as six people are burned alive after being convicted of heresy against the Roman Catholic Church]]
{{Year nav|1481}}
{{Year nav|1481}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1481''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLXXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]).
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1481''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLXXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]).
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=== January&ndash;December ===
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Ahmed Khan bin Küchük]], [[List of khans of the Golden Horde|Khan of the Great Horde]], is killed by the [[List of Sibir khans|Khan of Sibir]], [[Ibak Khan]] in battle and is succeeded by his son, [[Sheikh Ahmed]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania: International Diplomacy on the European Periphery (15th-18th Century): A Study of Peace Treaties Followed by Annotated Documents|last = Kołodziejczyk|first = Dariusz|publisher = Brill|year = 2011|isbn = 9789004191907|location = Leiden|url = http://www.brill.com/crimean-khanate-and-poland-lithuania|author-link = Dariusz Kołodziejczyk|access-date = 2016-02-13|archive-date = 2017-06-30|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170630003555/http://www.brill.com/crimean-khanate-and-poland-lithuania|url-status = dead}}</ref>
* [[February 6]] &ndash; The first execution during the [[Spanish Inquisition]] is carried out in [[Seville]] in an ''[[auto-da-fé]]'' as six people convicted of heresy are burned alive.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kamen |first=Henry |author-link=Henry Kamen |year=1998 |title=The Spanish Inquisition: a Historical Revision |url=https://archive.org/details/spanishinquisiti00henr |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-07522-9}}</ref> As a result of this and other murders, thousands of [[converso]]s— mostly [[Judaism|Jewish]] people who had converted to [[Christianity]]— flee their homes.
* [[March 15]] &ndash; The first of a series of earthquakes to affect the island of [[Rhodes]] occurs, leading up to the deadly earthquake in May.
 
=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 2]] &ndash; King [[James III of Scotland]] gives [[royal assent]] to the six Defence of the Realm Acts and to the Benefices Act 1481, passed by [[Scottish parliament|his parliament]] in anticipation of a war with England.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Acta Parliamentorum Regis Jacobi Tertii |title=An Abridgement of the Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4H5hAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA2-PA9 |first=William |last=Alexander |publisher=Adam and Charles Black |location=Edinburgh |date=1841 |pages=444–445 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Mahmud Gawan]], the chief minister (peshwa) of [[India]]'s [[Bahmani Kingdom]] (now in the state of [[Karnataka]]) is executed in [[Bidar]] on orders of the [[List of Bahmani rulers|Sultan]] [[Muhammad Shah III Lashkari]], after being falsely convicted of treason.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.68551 |title=The Bahmanis of the Deccan – An Objective Study |last=Sherwani |first=Haroon Khan |year=1946 |publisher=Krishnavas International Printers, Hyderabad Deccan |pages=335–336 |oclc=3971780}}</ref> The preparer of the forged document that led to Gawan's overthrow, [[Malik Hasan Bahri]], becomes the new peshwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haig |first=Wolseley |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46989 |title=Cambridge History Of India Vol. 2 |date=1925 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=419–420}}</ref>
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Pope Sixtus IV]] issues the [[papal bull]] ''[[Cogimur jubente altissimo]]'', calling for Roman Catholics to participate in a crusade against the Ottoman Empire, starting with the [[Ottoman conquest of Otranto|Turkish-occupied southern Italian area]] in and around [[Otranto]], with the liberation of [[Vlorë|Valona]] (now in Albania) to follow.<ref>Ludwig Pastor, ''The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages, Volume IV'' (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Co., 1894), p.341</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first=Marco Enrico de |last=Graya |title=Papi e Antipapi: La vera storia |trans-title=Popes and Antipopes: The True History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_tcEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT382&dq=Cogimur+iubente+altissimo+otranto&hl=it|publisher=Marco Enrico de Graya|language=it}}</ref>
* [[May 3]]
* [[May 3]]
** The [[1481 Rhodes earthquake]], the largest of a series, strikes the island of [[Rhodes]], causing an estimated 30,000 casualties.
** The [[1481 Rhodes earthquake]], the largest of a series, strikes the island of [[Rhodes]], causing an estimated 30,000 casualties.
** [[Mehmed II]], [[Ottoman dynasty|Sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]], dies and is succeeded by his son, [[Bayezid II]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mehmed-II-Ottoman-sultan|title=Mehmed II {{!}} Ottoman sultan|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-09-24|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Mehmed II]], [[Ottoman dynasty|Sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]], dies and is succeeded by his son, [[Bayezid II]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mehmed-II-Ottoman-sultan|title=Mehmed II {{!}} Ottoman sultan|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-09-24|language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Christian I of Denmark|Christian I]], [[List of Danish monarchs|King of Denmark]] and [[List of Norwegian monarchs|Norway]], dies and is succeeded by his son [[John, King of Denmark|John]] (1481–[[1513]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christian-I-Scandinavian-king|title=Christian I {{!}} Scandinavian king|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-09-24|language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Christian I of Denmark|King Christian I]] of Denmark and Norway dies at the age of 55. Although his eldest son, [[Hans, King of Denmark|Prince Hans of Oldenburg]], is accepted as the new [[List of Danish monarchs|King of Denmark]], the [[Riksrådet]] (Council of the Realm) of the [[Kingdom of Norway]] postpones its decision pending negotiations to possibly reunite with the [[Kingdom of Sweden]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christian-I-Scandinavian-king|title=Christian I {{!}} Scandinavian king|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-09-24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillingstam |first=Hans |date=1969–1971 |title=Hans |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=12583 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon}}</ref>
* [[June 21]] &ndash; The papal bull ''[[Aeterni regis|Aeterni Regis]]'' grants all land south of the [[Canary Islands]] to [[Portugal]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8jhtmzLlX70C&q=papal+bull+1481+canary&pg=PA187|title=The Worlds of Christopher Columbus|last1=Phillips|first1=William D.|last2=Phillips|first2=Carla Rahn|date=1993-02-27|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521446525|pages=187|language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 21]] &ndash; The papal bull ''[[Aeterni regis|Aeterni Regis]]'' grants [[Portugal]] first option to all newly conquered African and Asian lands south of the [[Canary Islands]] to [[Portugal]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8jhtmzLlX70C&q=papal+bull+1481+canary&pg=PA187|title=The Worlds of Christopher Columbus|last1=Phillips|first1=William D.|last2=Phillips|first2=Carla Rahn|date=1993-02-27|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521446525|pages=187|language=en}}</ref>
 
=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 24]] &ndash; Fire destroys the roof and the spires of [[Reims Cathedral]].
* [[July 24]] &ndash; Fire destroys the roof and the spires of [[Reims Cathedral]].
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[John II of Portugal]] starts to rule in his own right.
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[John II of Portugal]] starts to rule in his own right.
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Alphonso II of Naples]] recaptures the city of [[Otranto]].
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Alphonso II of Naples]] recaptures the city of [[Otranto]].
* [[December 10]] &ndash; With the death of Duke [[Charles IV of Anjou]], [[Duchy of Anjou|Anjou]] reverts to the French crown under [[Louis XI of France]], as does the [[Provence]], which until then was part of the Holy Roman Empire.
 
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Battle of Westbroek]]: [[Holland]] defeats the troops of [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=André Tourneux|author2=Joost vander Auwera|author3=Jacques Paviot|title=Interpreting the Universe as Creation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_CNCO_8nKEC&pg=PA177|year=2001|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-429-1052-2|pages=177|language=nl}}</ref>
=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 13]] &ndash; The bodies of the [[Martyrs of Otranto]], who had been killed in Italy in 1480 by the Ottomans who had conquered the city of [[Otranto]], are discovered in the city's cathedral "uncorrupted",<ref>Paolo Ricciardi, ''Gli Eroi della Patria e i Martiri della Fede: Otranto 1480–1481'' (''Heroes of the Fatherland and Martyrs of the Faith: Otranto 1480–1481''), Vol. 1 (Editrice Salentina, 2009) (in Italian)</ref> and the group as a whole is celebrated as martyrs to the Roman Catholic faith. The 813 martyrs will be [[canonization|canonized]] more than 500 years later on May 12, 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pope Francis proclaims 800 Italian saints|publisher=The Telegraph (London) |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/the-pope/10052286/Pope-Francis-proclaims-800-Italian-saints.html |author=Tom Kington |date=May 12, 2013}}</ref>
* [[November 16]] &ndash; At [[Târgoviște]], [[Basarab Țepeluș cel Tânăr]] replaces his successor, [[Vlad Călugărul]] as the [[List of princes of Wallachia|voivode (prince)]] of [[Wallachia]] (now part of Romania)<ref>{{cite book |last=Eagles |first=Jonathan |year=2014 |title=Stephen the Great and Balkan Nationalism: Moldova and Eastern European History |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=216 |isbn=978-1-78076-353-8 }}</ref>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; With the death of Duke [[Charles IV of Anjou]], [[Duchy of Anjou|Anjou]] reverts to the French crown under [[Louis XI]], as does the [[Provence]], which until then was part of the Holy Roman Empire.
* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[Ayas Pasha of Bosnia|Ayas Pasha]], the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s [[sanjak of Bosnia]], captures the city of [[Herceg Novi]] after a month-long siege when the Duke [[Vlatko Hercegović]] agrees to surrender.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ćirković |first1=Sima M. |author1-link=Sima Ćirković |title=Istorija srednjovekovne bosanske države |trans-title=History of the medieval Bosnian state |date=1964 |publisher=Srpska književna zadruga |pages=340–341 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PO02AAAAMAAJ&q=editions:OQ9SR41mPXUC |access-date=21 March 2021 |chapter=Chepter 7: Slom Bosanske države (The collapse of the Bosnian state)); Part 3: Pad Bosne (the Fall of Bosnia)|language=sr}}</ref> 
* [[December 22]] &ndash; The [[Canton of Fribourg]]<ref>{{cite book|first=Roland|last=Ruffieux|title=Histoire du Canton de Fribourg|trans-title=History of the Canton of Fribourg |volume=1|year=1981|isbn=|language=fr}}</ref> and the [[Canton of Solothurn]]<ref>{{HLS|7386|Solothurn (Kanton)|author=Peter Heim}}</ref> are admitted as [[cantons of Switzerland]] by the [[Old Swiss Confederation|Swiss Confedderation]]
* [[December 26]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Westbroek]],  [[Holland]] defeats the troops of [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=André Tourneux|author2=Joost vander Auwera|author3=Jacques Paviot|title=Interpreting the Universe as Creation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_CNCO_8nKEC&pg=PA177|year=2001|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-429-1052-2|pages=177|language=nl}}</ref>
* [[December 28]] &ndash; The city of [[Zahara de la Sierra]], now part of [[Spain]], is captured by the Moorish Emir [[Abu'l-Hasan Ali of Granada]] in a surprise attack,<ref>{{Cite book |first=Jocelyn N. |last=Hillgarth |title=The Spanish Kingdoms: 1250–1516. Volume II: 1410–1516, Castilian Hegemony |place=Oxford |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |page=370 |date=1978 |isbn=978-0-19-822531-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/spanishkingdoms10002hill}}</ref><ref>Anita George, ''Annals of the Queens of Spain'' (Baker and Scribner, 1850) p.117</ref> leading to a counterattack by the [[Kingdom of Castile]] two months later.


=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
* The ''Constitució de l'Observança'' is approved by the [[Catalan Courts]], establishing the [[Rule of law|submission of royal power to the laws]] of the [[Principality of Catalonia]].
* The ''Constitució de l'Observança'' is approved by the [[Catalan Courts]], establishing the [[Rule of law|submission of royal power to the laws]] of the [[Principality of Catalonia]].
* [[Ludovico Sforza]] emerges as Regent of [[Milan]] (until [[1499]]).
* [[Axayacatl]], [[Aztec]] ruler of [[Tenochtitlan]], dies and is succeeded by his brother [[Tízoc]].
* [[Axayacatl]], [[Aztec]] ruler of [[Tenochtitlan]], dies and is succeeded by his brother [[Tízoc]].
* The [[Aztec]] Calendar Stone or [[Aztec sun stone|Sun Stone]] is carved.
* The [[Aztec]] Calendar Stone or [[Aztec sun stone|Sun Stone]] is carved.</onlyinclude>
* [[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]] and [[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] become [[Cantons of Switzerland]].</onlyinclude>


== Births ==
== Births ==

Latest revision as of 12:49, 14 November 2025

Template:About year

File:An auto-da-fé of the Spanish Inquisition and the execution o Wellcome V0041892.jpg
February 6: The first of many uses of the auto-da-fé of the Spanish Inquisition is carried out in the city of Seville as six people are burned alive after being convicted of heresy against the Roman Catholic Church

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Script error: No such module "Year in various calendars".Year 1481 (MCDLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar).

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

Deaths

File:Bellini, Gentile - Sultan Mehmet II.jpg
Mehmed II, the Conqueror

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Ludwig Pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages, Volume IV (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, & Co., 1894), p.341
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Paolo Ricciardi, Gli Eroi della Patria e i Martiri della Fede: Otranto 1480–1481 (Heroes of the Fatherland and Martyrs of the Faith: Otranto 1480–1481), Vol. 1 (Editrice Salentina, 2009) (in Italian)
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Peter Heim: Solothurn (Kanton) in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.Script error: No such module "TemplatePar".Script error: No such module "TemplatePar".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Anita George, Annals of the Queens of Spain (Baker and Scribner, 1850) p.117
  21. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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