Adolphe Marbot: Difference between revisions
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| name = Adolphe Marbot | | name = Adolphe Marbot | ||
| image = General Antoine Marbot.png | | image = General Antoine Marbot.png | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = 280px | ||
| caption = General Marbot wearing the insignia of [[Legion of Honour|Commander of the Legion of | | caption = General Marbot wearing the insignia of a <br> [[Legion of Honour|Commander of the Legion of Honour]] | ||
| birth_name = Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot | | birth_name = Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot | ||
| nickname = Marbot the Elder | | nickname = Marbot the Elder | ||
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{{tree list/end}} | {{tree list/end}} | ||
| awards = [[Legion of Honour|Order of the Legion of Honour]] <br> (Commander) <br> [[Order of Saint Louis]] <br> (Knight) | | awards = [[Legion of Honour|Order of the Legion of Honour]] <br> (Commander) <br> [[Order of Saint Louis]] <br> (Knight) | ||
| relations = [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]], [[Divisional general]] <br> (Father) <br> [[Marcellin Marbot|Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin Marbot]], [[Lieutenant-General (France)|Lieutenant general]] <br> (Brother) <br> [[François Certain de Canrobert]], [[ | | relations = [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]], [[Divisional general]] <br> (Father) <br> [[Marcellin Marbot|Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin Marbot]], [[Lieutenant-General (France)|Lieutenant general]] <br> (Brother) <br> [[François Certain de Canrobert]], [[Marshal of France]] <br> (Cousin) | ||
| laterwork = [[Aisne|Commander of the Aisne department]] | | laterwork = [[Aisne|Commander of the Aisne department]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
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== Biography == | == Biography == | ||
=== Early life === | === Early life === | ||
Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot was born into a family of military nobility in [[Altillac]], in the ancient province of [[Quercy]] in southwestern France. He was the elder son of General [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]], | Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot was born into a family of military nobility in [[Altillac]], in the ancient province of [[Quercy]] in southwestern France. He was the elder son of General [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]], who had served as ''[[aide-de-camp]]'' to ''Lieutenant-Général'' de Schomberg, inspector general of the cavalry in the [[Maison militaire du roi de France|military household of the king of France]].<ref name="Marbot 1892, Volume 1, Chapter 1">{{Cite book |author=Marbot, Marcellin |translator=Butler, Arthur J. |date=1892 |chapter=Chapter I: Early Days |chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044087883203&view=1up&seq=15 |title=The memoirs of Baron de Marbot, late lieutenant-general in the French army |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000626152 |language=en |location=London |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. |volume=1 |pages=1–8}}</ref> | ||
[[File:General Jean-Antoine Marbot (1754-1800).jpg|thumb|left|General [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]] (1754–1800), commander of a division of the [[Army of the Western Pyrenees]]]] | |||
[[ | After completing his studies at the Military College of Sorèze, he joined the army at the age of seventeen, enlisting in the [[:fr:21e régiment de chasseurs à cheval|21st Cavalry Regiment]]. He was promoted to the rank of [[second lieutenant]] on 5 October 1799, and became ''aide-de-camp'' to General [[Charles XIV John|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]], commander-in-chief of the [[Army of the West (France)|Army of the West]] (and future King [[House of Bernadotte|Charles XIV John]] of [[Sweden]]), with the rank of [[lieutenant]].<ref name="Chisholm 1911">{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Marbot, Antoine Adolphe Marcelin |volume=17 |page=680}}</ref> | ||
=== Consulate === | === Consulate === | ||
In 1802, he was arrested on | In 1802, he was arrested on suspicion of participating in a [[Republicanism|Republican]] plot against the [[French Consulate|Consulate]]. General Bernadotte was suspected of being at the head of this plot and his ''aide-de-camp'', the young Lieutenant Marbot, was interrogated at the [[Square du Temple|Temple Prison]] in [[Paris]], with the aim of obtaining a confession from him which he would not provide. He was released after 3 months in detention, although First Consul [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] continued to regard him as an opponent of the established [[French Consulate|regime]].<ref name="Chisholm 1911"/> | ||
[[File:Jean-Baptiste-Jules Bernadotte, Prince de Ponte-Corvo, roi de Suède, Maréchal de France (1763-1844).jpg|thumb|left|General, later Marshal [[Charles XIV John|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]] (1763–1844), future King [[House of Bernadotte|Charles XIV John]] of [[Sweden]]]] | [[File:Jean-Baptiste-Jules Bernadotte, Prince de Ponte-Corvo, roi de Suède, Maréchal de France (1763-1844).jpg|thumb|left|General, later Marshal [[Charles XIV John|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]] (1763–1844), future King [[House of Bernadotte|Charles XIV John]] of [[Sweden]]]] | ||
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=== Napoleonic wars === | === Napoleonic wars === | ||
In 1806, he became ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[Pierre Augereau]] and took part in the [[War of the Fourth Coalition|Prussian and Polish campaign]], distinguishing himself particularly at the [[Battle of Jena–Auerstedt|Battle of Jena]], where he was wounded, and at the [[Battle of Eylau]], where his horse was killed under him. Marshal Augereau, having been forced to take leave from the army as a result of his wounds, obtained that his ''aide-de-camp'' would join Marshal [[André Masséna]], under whose orders Marbot served until the [[Treaties of Tilsit]].<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/> | In 1806, he became ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[Charles-Pierre Augereau]] and took part in the [[War of the Fourth Coalition|Prussian and Polish campaign]], distinguishing himself particularly at the [[Battle of Jena–Auerstedt|Battle of Jena]], where he was wounded, and at the [[Battle of Eylau]], where his horse was killed under him. Marshal Augereau, having been forced to take leave from the army as a result of his wounds, obtained that his ''aide-de-camp'' would join Marshal [[André Masséna]], under whose orders Marbot served until the [[Treaties of Tilsit]].<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/> | ||
[[File:Maréchal Louis-Alexandre Berthier.jpg|thumb|right|Marshal [[Louis-Alexandre Berthier]] (1753–1815), Prince of [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]]]] | [[File:Maréchal Louis-Alexandre Berthier.jpg|thumb|right|Marshal [[Louis-Alexandre Berthier]] (1753–1815), Prince of [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]]]] | ||
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From 1808 to 1811 he fought in the [[Peninsular War|Spanish campaign]], serving as ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[Jean Lannes]] during the [[Battle of Tudela]] on 23 November 1808. His brilliant conduct earned him a promotion to the rank of ''[[chef d'escadron]]'' (squadron leader) and he became attached to the staff of Marshal [[Louis-Alexandre Berthier]], Prince of [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]].<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/> | From 1808 to 1811 he fought in the [[Peninsular War|Spanish campaign]], serving as ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[Jean Lannes]] during the [[Battle of Tudela]] on 23 November 1808. His brilliant conduct earned him a promotion to the rank of ''[[chef d'escadron]]'' (squadron leader) and he became attached to the staff of Marshal [[Louis-Alexandre Berthier]], Prince of [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]].<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/> | ||
After the capture of [[Madrid]] and the evacuation of the [[United Kingdom|British]] forces at the [[Battle of Corunna]], he left [[Astorga, Spain|Astorga]] to carry letters from Emperor [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]] to his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]], who had become the [[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]]. He was injured during an ambush by guerrillas on 4 January 1809 and was imprisoned, almost dying from his wounds, in [[Cádiz]]. In February 1810, he managed to recover his liberty along with ''Chef d'escadron'' de Turenne. He reached the coast of Africa through many dangers, and finally joined Marshal [[Claude | After the capture of [[Madrid]] and the evacuation of the [[United Kingdom|British]] forces at the [[Battle of Corunna]], he left [[Astorga, Spain|Astorga]] to carry letters from Emperor [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]] to his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]], who had become the [[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]]. He was injured during an ambush by guerrillas on 4 January 1809 and was imprisoned, almost dying from his wounds, in [[Cádiz]]. In February 1810, he managed to recover his liberty along with ''Chef d'escadron'' de Turenne. He reached the coast of Africa through many dangers, and finally joined Marshal [[Claude-Victor Perrin]]'s corps during the [[Siege of Cádiz]] by the French forces.<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/> | ||
Having returned from a mission in Paris, he took part in the [[Peninsular War#1810|Third Portuguese campaign]] as ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[André Masséna]], Prince of [[Essling]], between 1810 and 1811.<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/> | Having returned from a mission in Paris, he took part in the [[Peninsular War#1810|Third Portuguese campaign]] as ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[André Masséna]], Prince of [[Essling]], between 1810 and 1811.<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/> | ||
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In 1812 he joined the [[:fr:16e régiment de chasseurs à cheval|16th cavalry regiment of chasseurs]] as ''chef d'escadron'' and took part in the [[French invasion of Russia|Russian campaign]]. He was wounded during the fierce combats of the [[Battle of Vitebsk (1812)|Battle of Vitebsk]], after having his horse killed under him. He was made prisoner by the [[Russian Empire|Russian]] army and was sent to [[Saratov]], where he shared the captivity of a large number of captured officers, including General de Saint-Geniès, Colonel de Saint-Mars and Captain [[Octave, comte de Ségur|de Ségur]]. He did not return to France until the end of the war in 1814, and subsequently joined the [[Chief of the Defence Staff (France)|''État-Major'']] in Paris.<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/> | In 1812 he joined the [[:fr:16e régiment de chasseurs à cheval|16th cavalry regiment of chasseurs]] as ''chef d'escadron'' and took part in the [[French invasion of Russia|Russian campaign]]. He was wounded during the fierce combats of the [[Battle of Vitebsk (1812)|Battle of Vitebsk]], after having his horse killed under him. He was made prisoner by the [[Russian Empire|Russian]] army and was sent to [[Saratov]], where he shared the captivity of a large number of captured officers, including General de Saint-Geniès, Colonel de Saint-Mars and Captain [[Octave, comte de Ségur|de Ségur]]. He did not return to France until the end of the war in 1814, and subsequently joined the [[Chief of the Defence Staff (France)|''État-Major'']] in Paris.<ref name="Rabbe; Vieilh de Boisjolin; Sainte-Preuve 1834"/> | ||
He became ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[Louis-Nicolas Davout]], Prince of [[Eckmühl]], during the [[Hundred Days]], after which he retired from active service until 1830.<ref name="Chisholm 1911"/> | He became ''aide-de-camp'' to Marshal [[Louis-Nicolas Davout]], Prince of [[Eggmühl|Eckmühl]], during the [[Hundred Days]], after which he retired from active service until 1830.<ref name="Chisholm 1911"/> | ||
=== July Monarchy === | === July Monarchy === | ||
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[[File:Maréchal Canrobert by Nadar.jpg|thumb|right|Marshal [[François Certain de Canrobert]] (1809–1895) by [[Nadar]]]] | [[File:Maréchal Canrobert by Nadar.jpg|thumb|right|Marshal [[François Certain de Canrobert]] (1809–1895) by [[Nadar]]]] | ||
His father, General [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]], had four sons, only two whom reached adulthood: Antoine Adolphe Marcelin, the elder, and [[Marcellin Marbot|Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin]], the younger, ''[[Lieutenant-General (France)|lieutenant-général]]'' (divisional general) during the [[July Monarchy]], famous for his Memoirs depicting the [[Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic age]] of warfare.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Dawson, Paul L. |date=2019 |title=Napoleon's Waterloo Army: Uniforms and Equipment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zbcSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT240 |language=en |location=Barnsley |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-5267-0530-3 |quote=The regiment was led in 1815 by Colonel Marcelin Marbot, who left a vivid set of memoirs about his military career under Napoleon; these give a picture of the Napoleonic age of warfare [...].}}</ref> Through his mother, he was the cousin of [[François Certain de Canrobert]], [[ | His father, General [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]], had four sons, only two whom reached adulthood: Antoine Adolphe Marcelin, the elder, and [[Marcellin Marbot|Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin]], the younger, ''[[Lieutenant-General (France)|lieutenant-général]]'' (divisional general) during the [[July Monarchy]], famous for his Memoirs depicting the [[Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic age]] of warfare.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Dawson, Paul L. |date=2019 |title=Napoleon's Waterloo Army: Uniforms and Equipment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zbcSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT240 |language=en |location=Barnsley |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-5267-0530-3 |quote=The regiment was led in 1815 by Colonel Marcelin Marbot, who left a vivid set of memoirs about his military career under Napoleon; these give a picture of the Napoleonic age of warfare [...].}}</ref> Through his mother, he was the cousin of [[François Certain de Canrobert]], [[Marshal of France]] during the [[Second French Empire]].<ref name="Marbot 1892, Volume 1, Chapter 1"/> | ||
His marriage with Ernestine-Félicité de Moÿ de Sons, viscountess of Rives, produced no descendance.<ref name="Base Léonore"/> | His marriage with Ernestine-Félicité de Moÿ de Sons, viscountess of Rives, produced no descendance.<ref name="Base Léonore"/> | ||
Latest revision as of 19:22, 26 November 2025
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates
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Antoine Adolphe Marcelin MarbotTemplate:Efn (Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell"., Script error: No such module "IPA".; 22 March 1781 – 2 June 1844), known as Adolphe Marbot,Template:Efn was a French general. He belongs to a family that has distinguished itself particularly in the career of arms, giving three generals to France in less than 50 years. His younger brother, Marcellin Marbot, was also a general.
Biography
Early life
Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot was born into a family of military nobility in Altillac, in the ancient province of Quercy in southwestern France. He was the elder son of General Jean-Antoine Marbot, who had served as aide-de-camp to Lieutenant-Général de Schomberg, inspector general of the cavalry in the military household of the king of France.[1]
.jpg){kind=link}
After completing his studies at the Military College of Sorèze, he joined the army at the age of seventeen, enlisting in the 21st Cavalry Regiment. He was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant on 5 October 1799, and became aide-de-camp to General Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, commander-in-chief of the Army of the West (and future King Charles XIV John of Sweden), with the rank of lieutenant.[2]
Consulate
In 1802, he was arrested on suspicion of participating in a Republican plot against the Consulate. General Bernadotte was suspected of being at the head of this plot and his aide-de-camp, the young Lieutenant Marbot, was interrogated at the Temple Prison in Paris, with the aim of obtaining a confession from him which he would not provide. He was released after 3 months in detention, although First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte continued to regard him as an opponent of the established regime.[2]
.jpg){kind=link}
After his release, he was exiled and was sent on various overseas missions, which he performed with the greatest distinction. He was promoted to the rank of captain before returning to France.[3]
Napoleonic wars
In 1806, he became aide-de-camp to Marshal Charles-Pierre Augereau and took part in the Prussian and Polish campaign, distinguishing himself particularly at the Battle of Jena, where he was wounded, and at the Battle of Eylau, where his horse was killed under him. Marshal Augereau, having been forced to take leave from the army as a result of his wounds, obtained that his aide-de-camp would join Marshal André Masséna, under whose orders Marbot served until the Treaties of Tilsit.[3]
From 1808 to 1811 he fought in the Spanish campaign, serving as aide-de-camp to Marshal Jean Lannes during the Battle of Tudela on 23 November 1808. His brilliant conduct earned him a promotion to the rank of chef d'escadron (squadron leader) and he became attached to the staff of Marshal Louis-Alexandre Berthier, Prince of Neuchâtel.[3]
After the capture of Madrid and the evacuation of the British forces at the Battle of Corunna, he left Astorga to carry letters from Emperor Napoleon I to his brother Joseph Bonaparte, who had become the King of Spain. He was injured during an ambush by guerrillas on 4 January 1809 and was imprisoned, almost dying from his wounds, in Cádiz. In February 1810, he managed to recover his liberty along with Chef d'escadron de Turenne. He reached the coast of Africa through many dangers, and finally joined Marshal Claude-Victor Perrin's corps during the Siege of Cádiz by the French forces.[3]
Having returned from a mission in Paris, he took part in the Third Portuguese campaign as aide-de-camp to Marshal André Masséna, Prince of Essling, between 1810 and 1811.[3]
In 1812 he joined the 16th cavalry regiment of chasseurs as chef d'escadron and took part in the Russian campaign. He was wounded during the fierce combats of the Battle of Vitebsk, after having his horse killed under him. He was made prisoner by the Russian army and was sent to Saratov, where he shared the captivity of a large number of captured officers, including General de Saint-Geniès, Colonel de Saint-Mars and Captain de Ségur. He did not return to France until the end of the war in 1814, and subsequently joined the État-Major in Paris.[3]
He became aide-de-camp to Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout, Prince of Eckmühl, during the Hundred Days, after which he retired from active service until 1830.[2]
July Monarchy
During the reign of King Louis Philippe I, he attained the rank of maréchal de camp (brigadier general) on 31 December 1831, and was appointed commander of the Aisne department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.[3]
He retired on 22 March 1843 and died the following year, on 2 June 1844, at Brâ near Tulle.[2]
Family
His father, General Jean-Antoine Marbot, had four sons, only two whom reached adulthood: Antoine Adolphe Marcelin, the elder, and Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin, the younger, lieutenant-général (divisional general) during the July Monarchy, famous for his Memoirs depicting the Napoleonic age of warfare.[4] Through his mother, he was the cousin of François Certain de Canrobert, Marshal of France during the Second French Empire.[1]
His marriage with Ernestine-Félicité de Moÿ de Sons, viscountess of Rives, produced no descendance.[5]
Decorations
Marbot received the following decorations:
File:Flag of France.svg French Empire
- National Order of the Legion of Honour:
- File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg Knight: 12 January 1807.[5]
File:Flag of Royalist France.svg Kingdom of France
- Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis:
- File:Ordre Royal et Militaire de Saint-Louis Chevalier ribbon.svg Knight: 5 November 1814.[6]
File:Flag of France.svg Kingdom of France
- Royal Order of the Legion of Honour:
- File:Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg Officer: 21 March 1831.[5]
- File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg Commander: 16 June 1832.[5]
See also
References
Sources
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
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- Archives nationales (French Ministry of Culture). Template:Base Léonore
Notes
Citations
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- ↑ a b c d Template:Cite EB1911
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External links
Template:French Revolution navbox Template:Napoleonic Wars Template:Authority control
- Pages with script errors
- Pages with reference errors
- Pages with broken file links
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
- 1781 births
- 1844 deaths
- Knights of the First French Empire
- Commanders of the Legion of Honour
- Knights of the Order of Saint Louis
- French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
- Marbot family
- French generals
- Cavalry commanders
- People from Corrèze
- 19th-century French military personnel