Green bean: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Heaps of beans.jpg|alt=Lots of green beans in a pile|thumb|A pile of raw green beans|305x305px]]
[[File:Heaps of beans.jpg|alt=Lots of green beans in a pile|thumb|A pile of raw green beans|305x305px]]


'''Green beans''' are young, unripe fruits of various [[cultivar]]s of the common bean (''[[Phaseolus vulgaris]]''),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=134 |title=Green Beans |publisher=The World's Healthiest Foods |access-date=March 2, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802102427/http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=134 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="UIL">{{cite web |url=http://urbanext.illinois.edu/veggies/beans.cfm |title=Beans – Vegetable Directory – Watch Your Garden Grow – University of Illinois Extension|date=May 20, 2024 }}</ref> although immature or young pods of the runner bean (''[[Phaseolus coccineus]]''), yardlong bean ([[Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis|''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'']]), and hyacinth bean (''[[Lablab purpureus]]'') are used in a similar way.<ref name="UMN">{{cite web |title=Growing beans in Minnesota home gardens |url=https://extension.umn.edu/vegetables/growing-beans |publisher=University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension |access-date=December 23, 2018}}</ref> Green beans are known by many common names, including<!--Provide a reliable source with any name addition--> '''French beans''',<ref name="FGtP">{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=Aliza |title=Field Guide to Produce |year=2004 |page=126 |publisher=Quirk Books |isbn=978-1-931686-80-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3n0tqNigzbkC&pg=PA126}}</ref> '''string beans''' (although most modern varieties are "stringless"),{{r|FGtP}} and '''snap beans'''{{r|FGtP}} or simply "snaps."<ref>Singh BK and Singh B. 2015. Breeding perspectives of snap bean (''Phaseolus vulgaris'' L.). ''Vegetable Science'' '''42'''(1): 1-17.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hatch |first1=Peter J. |title="A Rich Spot of Earth": Thomas Jefferson's Revolutionary Garden at Monticello |date=April 24, 2012 |pages=159–161 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-17114-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMSAvxZmuycC&pg=PA159}}</ref> In the Philippines, they are also known as "Baguio beans" or "{{lang|es|habichuelas}}" to distinguish them from [[yardlong beans]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Baguio Beans |url=https://www.maribehlla.com/vegetables/baguio-beans/ |website=Maribehlla |date=January 25, 2011 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref>
'''Green beans''' are young, unripe fruits of various [[cultivar]]s of the common bean (''[[Phaseolus vulgaris]]'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=134 |title=Green Beans |publisher=The World's Healthiest Foods |access-date=March 2, 2017 |archive-date=August 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802102427/http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=134 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="UIL">{{cite web |url=http://urbanext.illinois.edu/veggies/beans.cfm |title=Beans – Vegetable Directory – Watch Your Garden Grow – University of Illinois Extension|date=May 20, 2024 }}</ref> Green beans are known by several common names, including<!--Provide a reliable source with any name addition--> '''French beans''',<ref name="FGtP">{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=Aliza |title=Field Guide to Produce |year=2004 |page=126 |publisher=Quirk Books |isbn=978-1-931686-80-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3n0tqNigzbkC&pg=PA126}}</ref> '''string beans''' (although most modern varieties are "stringless"),{{r|FGtP}} and '''snap beans'''{{r|FGtP}} or simply "snaps".<ref>Singh BK and Singh B. 2015. Breeding perspectives of snap bean (''Phaseolus vulgaris'' L.). ''Vegetable Science'' '''42'''(1): 1-17.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hatch |first1=Peter J. |title="A Rich Spot of Earth": Thomas Jefferson's Revolutionary Garden at Monticello |date=April 24, 2012 |pages=159–161 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-17114-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMSAvxZmuycC&pg=PA159}}</ref> In the Philippines, they are also known as "Baguio beans" or "{{lang|es|habichuelas}}" to distinguish them from [[yardlong beans]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Baguio Beans |url=https://www.maribehlla.com/vegetables/baguio-beans/ |website=Maribehlla |date=January 25, 2011 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref>


They are distinguished from the many other varieties of beans in that green beans are harvested and consumed with their enclosing pods before the bean seeds inside have fully matured. An analogous practice is the harvest and consumption of unripened [[pea]] pods, as is done with [[snow pea]]s or [[sugar snap pea]]s.
Immature or young pods of the runner bean (''[[Phaseolus coccineus|P.&nbsp;coccineus]]''), yardlong bean ([[Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis|''Vigna unguiculata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'']]), and hyacinth bean (''[[Lablab purpureus]]'') are used in a similar way.<ref name="UMN">{{cite web |title=Growing beans in Minnesota home gardens |url=https://extension.umn.edu/vegetables/growing-beans |publisher=University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension |access-date=December 23, 2018}}</ref> Green beans are distinguished from the many other bean varieties in that they are harvested and consumed with their enclosing pods before the bean seeds inside have fully matured. An analogous practice is the harvest and consumption of unripened [[pea]] pods, as is done with [[snow pea]]s or [[sugar snap pea]]s.


== Uses ==
== Uses ==
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| note=[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/1103337/nutrients Link to USDA Database entry]
| note=[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/1103337/nutrients Link to USDA Database entry]
}}
}}
Raw green beans are 90% water, 7% [[carbohydrate]]s, 2% [[protein (nutrient)|protein]], and contain negligible [[fat]] (table). In a {{convert|100|g|oz|abbr=off|adj=on|frac=2}} reference amount, raw green beans supply {{convert|131|kJ|kcal|abbr=off}} of [[food energy]] and are a moderate source (range 10–19% of the [[Daily Value]]) of [[vitamin C]], [[vitamin K]], [[vitamin B6|vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]], and [[manganese]], while other [[micronutrient]]s are in low supply (table).
Raw green beans are 90% water, 7% [[carbohydrate]]s, 2% [[protein (nutrient)|protein]], and contain negligible [[fat]]. In a {{convert|100|g|oz|abbr=off|adj=on|frac=2}} reference amount, raw green beans supply {{convert|131|kJ|kcal|abbr=off}} of [[food energy]] and are a moderate source (range 10–19% of the [[Daily Value]]) of [[vitamin C]] and [[vitamin K]], with no other [[micronutrient]]s in significant content.


== Domestication ==
== Domestication ==
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== Production ==
== Production ==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:left; width:14em; text-align:center;"
{{Table alignment}}
 
{| class="wikitable floatright col2right"
 
|-
|-
! colspan=2|Production of <br>green beans – 2020<br/>
! colspan=2|Production of <br>green beans – 2020<br/>(millions of [[tonne]]s)
|-
!  style="background:#ddf; width:75%;"| Country
!  style="background:#ddf; width:25%;"| <small>(Millions of [[tonne]]s)</small>
|-
|-
| {{CHN}} ||18.0
| {{CHN}} ||18.0
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| '''World''' || '''23.3'''
| '''World''' || '''23.3'''
|-
|-
|colspan=2|<small>Source: [[FAOSTAT]] of the [[United Nations]]</small><ref name="faostat">{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|title= Production of green beans in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)|date=2022|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)|access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref>
|colspan=2|<small>Source: [[FAOSTAT]]<br> of the [[United Nations]]</small><ref name="faostat">{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|title= Production of green beans in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)|date=2022|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)|access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref>
|}
|}
In 2020, world production of green beans was 23 million tonnes, with [[China]] accounting for 77% of the total (table).
In 2020, world production of green beans was 23 million tonnes, with [[China]] accounting for 77% of the total.


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:A green bean.jpg|Green common beans on the plant
File:A green bean.jpg|Green common beans on the plant
File:CDC greenbean.jpg|Whole raw green beans packed in a [[punnet]] for sale
File:CDC greenbean.jpg|Whole raw green beans packed in a [[punnet]] for sale
File:Green beans with green bean slicer.jpg|Green beans with bean slicer
File:Green beans with green bean slicer.jpg|Green beans with bean slicer
File:Cut Green Beans.jpg|Cut and cooked green beans
File:Cut Green Beans.jpg|Cut and cooked green beans
File:Four Different Varieties of Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).jpg|Four varieties of the common green bean presenting variations in color, size, shape, and texture
File:Four Different Varieties of Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).jpg|Four varieties of the common green bean
File:Pickled Beans (3920862383).jpg|Pickled beans
File:GreenbeanFrance.jpg|Green beans on a bush plant
File:GreenbeanFrance.jpg|Green beans on a bush plant
File:Signal-2023-08-05-204959 003.jpg|Mature green beans, freshly picked in France
File:Signal-2023-08-05-204959 003.jpg|Mature green beans, freshly picked in France
File:Green beans, strung up to dry on the porch, known as leather britches or shucky beans.jpg|Dried green beans (known as leather britches or [[shucky beans]])
File:Green beans, strung up to dry on the porch, known as leather britches or shucky beans.jpg|Dried green beans (known as leather britches or [[shucky beans]])
File:Šparga čušpajz poslužena u tanjuru (Croatia).JPG|Green beans cream stew
File:Pickled Beans (3920862383).jpg|Pickled beans
</gallery>
== See also ==


</gallery>
* [[Legume]]
* [[List of bean soups]]
* [[List of legume dishes]]
* [[Mung bean]]


== References ==
== References ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Cookbook|Green bean}}
{{Cookbook|Green bean}}
{{Commons category|Green beans}}
* {{Commons category inline|Green beans}}
* [https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/resources/nutrition-education-materials/seasonal-produce-guide/green-beans Green beans] at [[United States Department of Agriculture]]
* [https://snaped.fns.usda.gov/resources/nutrition-education-materials/seasonal-produce-guide/green-beans Green beans] at [[United States Department of Agriculture]]


Latest revision as of 11:17, 1 January 2026

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Lots of green beans in a pile
A pile of raw green beans

Green beans are young, unripe fruits of various cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).[1][2] Green beans are known by several common names, including French beans,[3] string beans (although most modern varieties are "stringless"),Template:R and snap beansTemplate:R or simply "snaps".[4][5] In the Philippines, they are also known as "Baguio beans" or "Script error: No such module "Lang"." to distinguish them from yardlong beans.[6]

Immature or young pods of the runner bean (P. coccineus), yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis), and hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) are used in a similar way.[7] Green beans are distinguished from the many other bean varieties in that they are harvested and consumed with their enclosing pods before the bean seeds inside have fully matured. An analogous practice is the harvest and consumption of unripened pea pods, as is done with snow peas or sugar snap peas.

Uses

As common food in many countries, green beans are sold fresh, canned, and frozen. They can be eaten raw or steamed, boiled, stir-fried, or baked. They are commonly cooked in other dishes, such as soups, stews, and casseroles. Green beans can be pickled, similarly to cucumbers.

A dish with green beans common throughout the northern US, particularly at Thanksgiving, is green bean casserole, a dish of green beans, cream of mushroom soup, and French-fried onions.[8]

Nutrition

Template:Nutritionalvalue Raw green beans are 90% water, 7% carbohydrates, 2% protein, and contain negligible fat. In a Script error: No such module "convert". reference amount, raw green beans supply Script error: No such module "convert". of food energy and are a moderate source (range 10–19% of the Daily Value) of vitamin C and vitamin K, with no other micronutrients in significant content.

Domestication

The green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) originated in Central and South America, where there is evidence that it has been cultivated in Mexico and Peru for thousands of years.[9]

Characteristics

The first "stringless" bean was bred in 1894 by Calvin Keeney, called the "father of the stringless bean," while working in Le Roy, New York.[10] Most modern green bean varieties do not have strings.Template:R

Plant

Green beans are classified by growth habit into two major groups, "bush" (or "dwarf") beans and "pole" (or "climbing") beans.[11][12][13]

Bush beans are short plants, growing to not more than Script error: No such module "convert". in height, often without requiring supports. They generally reach maturity and produce all of their fruit in a relatively short period, then cease to produce. Owing to this concentrated production and ease of mechanized harvesting, bush-type beans are those most often grown on commercial farms. Bush green beans are usually cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).

Pole beans have a climbing habit and produce a twisting vine, which must be supported by "poles," trellises, or other means. Pole beans may be common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus) or yardlong beans (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis).[14][15]

Half-runner beans have both bush and pole characteristics, and are sometimes classified separately from bush and pole varieties.[16][17][18][19] Their runners can be about Script error: No such module "convert". long.[20]Template:Irrelevant citation

Varieties

File:BBC Gardeners World - 2017-06-15 - Andy Mabbett - 02.jpg
Varieties of climbing French beans, from left: 'The Hunter,' 'Cosse Violette,' 'Rob Roy,' 'Rob Splashed,' 'Kingston Gold'

Over 130 varieties (cultivars) of edible pod beans are known.[21] Varieties specialized for use as green beans, selected for the succulence and flavor of their green pods, are the ones usually grown in the home vegetable garden, and many varieties exist. Beans with various pod colors (green, purple, red, or streaked.[22]) are collectively known as snap beans, while green beans are exclusively green. Pod shapes range from thin and circular ("fillet" types) to wide and flat ("romano" types) and more common types in between.

The three most commonly known types of green beans belonging to the species Phaseolus vulgaris are string or snap beans, which may be round or have a flat pod; stringless or French beans, which lack a tough, fibrous string running along the length of the pod; and runner beans, which belong to a separate species, Phaseolus coccineus. Green beans may have a purple rather than green pod, which changes to green when cooked.[23]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Yellow-podded green beans are also known as wax beans.Template:R Wax bean cultivars are commonly of the bush or dwarf form.[24]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

All of the following varieties have green pods and are Phaseolus vulgaris unless otherwise specified:

Bush (dwarf) types

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Pole (climbing) types

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Production

Template:Table alignment

Production of
green beans – 2020
(millions of tonnes)
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World 23.3
Source: FAOSTAT
of the United Nations[30]

In 2020, world production of green beans was 23 million tonnes, with China accounting for 77% of the total.

Gallery

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Singh BK and Singh B. 2015. Breeding perspectives of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Vegetable Science 42(1): 1-17.
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ How to Grow French Beans – Royal Horticultural Society, RHS Gardening
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Singh B K, Pathak K A, Ramakrishna Y, Verma V K and Deka B C. 2011. "Purple-podded French bean with high antioxidant content." ICAR News: A Science and Technology Newsletter 17 (3): 9.
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Runner beans are edible – Oregon State University Agricultural Extension
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Phaseolus Template:Authority control

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