Open XML Paper Specification: Difference between revisions

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Updated the URL for the official website of the standard.
 
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m →External links: Add link to free XPS converter
 
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{{use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox file format
{{Infobox file format
| name                   = Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS)
| name         = Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS)
| icon                   = [[File:XPSIcon.png|64px]]
| icon         = [[File:XPSIcon.png|64px]]
| logo                  =
| caption       =
| screenshot            =
| extension     = .oxps,<ref name="MitchPrince" /> .xps
| caption               =
| mime         = application/oxps, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument
| extension             = .oxps,<ref name="MitchPrince" /> .xps
| type code     =
| mime                   = application/oxps, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument
| uniform type =
| type code             =
| owner         = [[Microsoft]], [[Ecma International]]
| uniform type           =
| released     = {{Start date and age|2006|10}}
| magic                  =
| owner                 = [[Microsoft]], [[Ecma International]]
| released               = {{Start date and age|2006|10}}
| latest release version = First Edition
| latest release version = First Edition
| latest release date   = {{Start date and age|2009|06|16}}
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2009|06|16}}
| genre                 = [[Page description language]], [[document file format]]
| genre         = [[Page description language]], [[document file format]]
| container for         =
| container for =
| contained by           = [[Open Packaging Conventions]]
| contained by = [[Open Packaging Conventions]]
| extended from         = [[ZIP (file format)|ZIP]], [[XML]], [[Extensible Application Markup Language|XAML]]
| extended from = [[ZIP (file format)|ZIP]], [[XML]], [[Extensible Application Markup Language|XAML]]
| extended to           =
| extended to   =
| standard               = ECMA-388
| standard     = ECMA-388
| url                   = {{URL|https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-388/}}
| url           = {{URL|https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-388/}}
}}
}}


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It is an [[XML]]-based (more precisely [[XAML]]-based) specification, based on a new print path (print processing data representation and data flow) and a [[color management|color-managed]] [[vector graphics|vector document format]] that supports [[device independence]] and [[resolution independence]]. In [[Windows 8]] '''.xps''' was replaced with the ECMA standard '''.oxps''' format which is not natively supported in older Windows versions.<ref name="MitchPrince" />
It is an [[XML]]-based (more precisely [[XAML]]-based) specification, based on a new print path (print processing data representation and data flow) and a [[color management|color-managed]] [[vector graphics|vector document format]] that supports [[device independence]] and [[resolution independence]]. In [[Windows 8]] '''.xps''' was replaced with the ECMA standard '''.oxps''' format which is not natively supported in older Windows versions.<ref name="MitchPrince" />


OpenXPS was introduced by Microsoft as an alternative to [[Portable Document Format]] (PDF). However, PDF remained the standard choice, and support for and user familiarity with XPS files is limited. It has been described as neglected technology, which may cause difficulties to recipients of documents in a format they are not familiar with.<ref>{{cite web |title=What Is an XPS File and Why Does Windows Want Me to Print to One? |last=Hoffman |first=Chris |website=How-To Geek |date=5 July 2017 |url= https://www.howtogeek.com/148499/what-is-an-xps-file-and-why-does-windows-want-me-to-print-to-one/ }}</ref>
OpenXPS was introduced by Microsoft as an alternative to [[Portable Document Format]] (PDF). However, PDF remained the standard choice, and support for and user familiarity with XPS files is limited. It has been described as neglected technology, which may cause difficulties to recipients of documents in a format they are not familiar with.<ref>{{cite web|title=What Is an XPS File and Why Does Windows Want Me to Print to One?|last=Hoffman|first=Chris|website=How-To Geek|date=5 July 2017|url=https://www.howtogeek.com/148499/what-is-an-xps-file-and-why-does-windows-want-me-to-print-to-one/}}</ref>


==Format==
==Format==
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An XPS file is a [[ZIP (file format)|ZIP]] archive using the [[Open Packaging Conventions]], containing the files which make up the document. These include an XML markup file for each page, text, [[Odttf|embedded fonts]], raster images, 2D [[vector graphics]], as well as the [[digital rights management]] information. The contents of an XPS file can be examined by opening it in an application which supports ZIP files.
An XPS file is a [[ZIP (file format)|ZIP]] archive using the [[Open Packaging Conventions]], containing the files which make up the document. These include an XML markup file for each page, text, [[Odttf|embedded fonts]], raster images, 2D [[vector graphics]], as well as the [[digital rights management]] information. The contents of an XPS file can be examined by opening it in an application which supports ZIP files.


There are two incompatible XPS formats available. The original document writer printed to '''.xps''' in [[Windows 7]] and [[Windows Vista]]. Beginning with [[Windows 8]], the document writer defaults to the '''.oxps''' format.<ref name="MitchPrince">{{cite web |first=Mitch |last=Prince |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/mitchp/archive/2012/09/25/xps-and-oxps-file-support-in-windows-7-and-windows-8.aspx |title=XPS and OXPS file support in Windows 7 and Windows 8 |url-status=dead |work=Mitch Prince's Blog |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216040358/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/mitchp/archive/2012/09/25/xps-and-oxps-file-support-in-windows-7-and-windows-8.aspx |archive-date=16 December 2012 |access-date=3 December 2012 }}</ref>
There are two incompatible XPS formats available. The original document writer printed to '''.xps''' in [[Windows 7]] and [[Windows Vista]]. Beginning with [[Windows 8]], the document writer defaults to the '''.oxps''' format.<ref name="MitchPrince">{{cite web|first=Mitch|last=Prince|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/mitchp/archive/2012/09/25/xps-and-oxps-file-support-in-windows-7-and-windows-8.aspx|title=XPS and OXPS file support in Windows 7 and Windows 8|url-status=dead|work=Mitch Prince's Blog|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129023750/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/mitchp/archive/2012/09/25/xps-and-oxps-file-support-in-windows-7-and-windows-8.aspx|archive-date=2013-01-29|access-date=3 December 2012}}</ref>


Microsoft provides two free converters. XpsConverter converts documents between <code>.xps</code> and <code>.oxps</code> format,<ref>{{cite web |title=XpsConverter |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/devtest/xpsconverter |website=[[Microsoft Learn]] |date=2021-12-15}}</ref> while OxpsConverter converts documents from <code>.oxps</code> to <code>.xps</code> format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2732059/en-us|title=You cannot open an .oxps file in Windows 7 or in Windows Server 2008 R2|website=Microsoft Support|access-date=2022-11-04}}</ref>
Microsoft provides two free converters. XpsConverter converts documents between <code>.xps</code> and <code>.oxps</code> format,<ref>{{cite web |title=XpsConverter |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/devtest/xpsconverter |website=[[Microsoft Learn]] |date=2021-12-15}}</ref> while OxpsConverter converts documents from <code>.oxps</code> to <code>.xps</code> format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2732059/en-us|title=You cannot open an .oxps file in Windows 7 or in Windows Server 2008 R2|website=Microsoft Support|access-date=2022-11-04}}</ref>


==Features==
==Features==
XPS specifies a set of document layout functionality for paged, printable documents. It also has support for features such as [[color gradient]]s, [[transparency (graphic)|transparencies]], [[CMYK]] [[color space]]s, [[Color calibration|printer calibration]], multiple-ink systems and print [[XML schema|schemas]]. XPS supports the [[Windows Color System]] [[color management]] technology for color conversion precision across devices and [[high dynamic range|higher dynamic range]]. It includes a software [[Raster image processor|raster image processor (RIP)]] (downloadable separately).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/gg463352(v=msdn.10) |title= Reference Raster Image Processor (RIP) |website=[[Microsoft Learn]] |date= 2007-01-09 |access-date= 2022-11-04}}</ref> The print subsystem supports [[Indexed color|named colors]], simplifying color definition for images transmitted to printers supporting those colors.
XPS specifies a set of document layout functionality for paged, printable documents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[MS-RDPEXPS]: XPS Basics|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-rdpexps/69641057-f594-481e-bd74-47363a47f921|access-date=2025-06-25|website=Learn Microsoft}}</ref> It also has support for features such as [[color gradient]]s, [[transparency (graphic)|transparencies]], [[CMYK]] [[color space]]s, [[Color calibration|printer calibration]], multiple-ink systems and print [[XML schema|schemas]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Print Schema - Win32 apps|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/printdocs/printschema|access-date=2025-06-25|website=Learn Microsoft}}</ref> XPS supports the [[Windows Color System]] [[color management]] technology for color conversion precision across devices and [[high dynamic range|higher dynamic range]]. It includes a software [[Raster image processor|raster image processor (RIP)]] (downloadable separately).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/gg463352(v=msdn.10) |title= Reference Raster Image Processor (RIP) |website=[[Microsoft Learn]] |date=2007-01-09 |access-date=2022-11-04}}</ref> The print subsystem supports [[Indexed color|named colors]], simplifying color definition for images transmitted to printers supporting those colors.


XPS supports [[HD Photo]] images natively for raster images.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/pix/archive/2007/03/12/hd-photo.aspx |url-status=dead |title= HD Photo|website=Windows Live Photo & Video Blog |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |date=12 Mar 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073853/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/pix/archive/2007/03/12/hd-photo.aspx |archive-date=5 March 2016}}
XPS supports [[HD Photo]] images natively for raster images.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/pix/archive/2007/03/12/hd-photo.aspx |url-status=dead |title= HD Photo|website=Windows Live Photo & Video Blog |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |date=12 Mar 2007 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713152046/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/pix/archive/2007/03/12/hd-photo.aspx |archive-date=2012-07-13}}
</ref> The XPS format used in the spool file represents advanced graphics effects such as 3D images, glow effects, and gradients as Windows Presentation Foundation primitives, which printer drivers could offload their [[rasterisation|rasterization]] to the printer in order to reduce computational load if the printer is capable of rasterizing those primitives.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
</ref> The XPS format used in the spool file represents advanced graphics effects such as 3D images, glow effects, and gradients as Windows Presentation Foundation primitives, which printer drivers could offload their [[rasterisation|rasterization]] to the printer in order to reduce computational load if the printer is capable of rasterizing those primitives.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-20|title=Microsoft XML Paper Specification, (XPS)|url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000514.shtml|access-date=2025-06-25|website=loc.gov}}</ref>


==Comparison with PDF==
==Comparison with PDF==


Like [[Portable Document Format|PDF]], XPS is a page description language using fixed-layout document format designed to preserve document fidelity,<ref name=XPSvsPDF>{{cite news|last=Foley |first=Mary Jo |url=http://www.microsoft-watch.com/content/operating_systems/microsoft_readies_new_document_printing_specification.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128190142/http://www.microsoft-watch.com/content/operating_systems/microsoft_readies_new_document_printing_specification.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-28 |title=Microsoft Readies New Document Printing Specification |website=Microsoft Watch|publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]|date=2005-04-25 |access-date=2009-12-10|place=Seattle}}</ref> providing device-independent document appearance. PDF uses Carousel Object Syntax (COS syntax) to form a random access database of objects that may be created from [[PostScript]] or generated directly from applications, whereas XPS is based on XML. Both formats are [[lossless data compression|compressed]], albeit using different methods. The filter [[Pipeline (software)|pipeline]] architecture of XPS is also similar to the one used in printers supporting the PostScript page description language. PDF includes dynamic capabilities purposely not supported by the XPS format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amyuni.com/blog/?p=8 |title=Comparison of PDF, XPS and ODF by an ISV providing PDF solutions |publisher=Amyuni |access-date=2009-12-10}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2022}} There are many resources for converting from XPS to PDF and some for converting from PDF to XPS. A method often suggested is to open an XPS file in a program with printing capability, and then "print" to a [[Virtual printer|virtual PDF printer]] such as Microsoft Print to PDF,<ref>{{cite web |title=Easy steps for converting XPS files to PDF |author=<!--not stated--> |website=Adobe |date=n.d. |access-date=6 January 2022 |url= https://www.adobe.com/documentcloud/acrobat/hub/how-to/steps-to-convert-xps-to-pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714091150/https://www.adobe.com/acrobat/hub/how-to/steps-to-convert-xps-to-pdf|archivedate=2022-07-14|url-status=live}}</ref> with a similar procedure to convert from PDF to XPS.
Like [[Portable Document Format|PDF]], XPS is a page description language using fixed-layout document format designed to preserve document fidelity,<ref name=XPSvsPDF>{{cite news|last=Foley |first=Mary Jo |url=http://www.microsoft-watch.com/content/operating_systems/microsoft_readies_new_document_printing_specification.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128190142/http://www.microsoft-watch.com/content/operating_systems/microsoft_readies_new_document_printing_specification.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-28 |title=Microsoft Readies New Document Printing Specification |website=Microsoft Watch|publisher=[[Ziff Davis]]|date=2005-04-25 |access-date=2009-12-10|place=Seattle}}</ref> providing device-independent document appearance. PDF uses Carousel Object Syntax (COS syntax) to form a random access database of objects that may be created from [[PostScript]] or generated directly from applications, whereas XPS is based on XML.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glossary of PDF terms|url=https://pdfguru.com/merge-pdf|archive-url=https://archive.today/20250625062851/https://pdfa.org/glossary-of-pdf-terms/|archive-date=2022-03-02|access-date=2025-06-25|website=PDF Association}}</ref> Both formats are [[lossless data compression|compressed]], albeit using different methods. The filter [[Pipeline (software)|pipeline]] architecture of XPS is also similar to the one used in printers supporting the PostScript page description language. PDF includes dynamic capabilities purposely not supported by the XPS format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amyuni.com/blog/?p=8 |title=Comparison of PDF, XPS and ODF by an ISV providing PDF solutions |publisher=Amyuni |access-date=2009-12-10}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2022}} There are many resources for converting from XPS to PDF and some for converting from PDF to XPS. A method often suggested is to open an XPS file in a program with printing capability, and then "print" to a [[Virtual printer|virtual PDF printer]] such as Microsoft Print to PDF,<ref>{{cite web |title=Easy steps for converting XPS files to PDF |website=Adobe |date=n.d. |access-date=6 January 2022 |url= https://www.adobe.com/documentcloud/acrobat/hub/how-to/steps-to-convert-xps-to-pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714091150/https://www.adobe.com/acrobat/hub/how-to/steps-to-convert-xps-to-pdf|archivedate=2022-07-14|url-status=live}}</ref> with a similar procedure to convert from PDF to XPS.


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
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|-
|-
! scope="row" | Standardized by
! scope="row" | Standardized by
| [[Ecma International]]<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.printweek.com/news/674714/XPS-format-passes-first-standardisation-test/ |title=XPS format passes first standardisation test|access-date= 2009-07-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071224200156/http://www.printweek.com/news/674714/XPS-format-passes-first-standardisation-test/ |archive-date=2007-12-24 |url-status=dead|first=Simon|last=Nias|website=[[PrintWeek]]|date=2007-08-02|publisher=[[Haymarket Media]]}}</ref>
| [[Ecma International]]<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.printweek.com/news/674714/XPS-format-passes-first-standardisation-test/ |title=XPS format passes first standardisation test|access-date= 2009-07-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120630084345/http://www.printweek.com/news/674714/XPS-format-passes-first-standardisation-test/ |archive-date=2012-06-30 |url-status=dead|first=Simon|last=Nias|website=[[PrintWeek]]|date=2007-08-02|publisher=[[Haymarket Media]]}}</ref>
| [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]
| [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]
|-
|-
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! scope="row" | [[3D computer graphics|3D graphics content]]
! scope="row" | [[3D computer graphics|3D graphics content]]
| [[X3D]] (ISO/IEC 19775/19776)<ref name="xpsspec"/>
| [[X3D]] (ISO/IEC 19775/19776)<ref name="xpsspec"/>
| [[Universal 3D|U3D]] (Standard ECMA-363),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adobe.com/devnet/acrobat3d/|title=Acrobat 3D Developer Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604144102/https://www.adobe.com/devnet/acrobat3d/|archive-date=2007-06-04|publisher=Adobe|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BLL/is_2_22/ai_n13487390/ | work=CADalyst | title=U3D format debuts in Acrobat 7 | first=Sara | last=Ferris | date=February 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623065200/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BLL/is_2_22/ai_n13487390/|archive-date=2006-06-23|url-status=dead|via=[[FindArticles]]}}</ref> [[PRC (file format)|PRC]] (Product Representation Compact, ISO 14739-1:2014),<ref name=amyuni>{{cite web|last=Amiouny|first=Dany|title=PDF or XPS: Choose the Right Document Format for your Applications|url=https://www.amyuni.com/downloads/Amyuni%20Whitepaper%20-%20PDF%20vs%20XPS.pdf|publisher=Amyuni|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412015848/https://www.amyuni.com/downloads/Amyuni%20Whitepaper%20-%20PDF%20vs%20XPS.pdf|archive-date=2022-04-12|url-status=live}}</ref> STEP AP 242 (ISO 10303-242),<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO/TS 24064:2023 Document management — Portable document format — RichMedia annotations conforming to the ISO 10303-242 (STEP AP 242) specification |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/77686.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref> glTF<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=ISO/TS 32007:2024 Document management — Portable Document Format — RichMedia annotations conforming to glTF assets |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/45880.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref>
| [[Universal 3D|U3D]] (Standard ECMA-363),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adobe.com/devnet/acrobat3d/|title=Acrobat 3D Developer Center|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630084400/http://www.adobe.com/devnet/acrobat3d.html|archive-date=2012-06-30|publisher=Adobe|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BLL/is_2_22/ai_n13487390/ | work=CADalyst | title=U3D format debuts in Acrobat 7 | first=Sara | last=Ferris | date=February 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623065200/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BLL/is_2_22/ai_n13487390/|archive-date=2006-06-23|url-status=dead|via=[[FindArticles]]}}</ref> [[PRC (file format)|PRC]] (Product Representation Compact, ISO 14739-1:2014),<ref name=amyuni>{{cite web|last=Amiouny|first=Dany|title=PDF or XPS: Choose the Right Document Format for your Applications|url=https://www.amyuni.com/downloads/Amyuni%20Whitepaper%20-%20PDF%20vs%20XPS.pdf|publisher=Amyuni|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412015848/https://www.amyuni.com/downloads/Amyuni%20Whitepaper%20-%20PDF%20vs%20XPS.pdf|archive-date=2022-04-12|url-status=live}}</ref> STEP AP 242 (ISO 10303-242),<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO/TS 24064:2023 Document management — Portable document format — RichMedia annotations conforming to the ISO 10303-242 (STEP AP 242) specification |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/77686.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref> glTF<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=ISO/TS 32007:2024 Document management — Portable Document Format — RichMedia annotations conforming to glTF assets |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/45880.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" | Full file content compression
! scope="row" | Full file content compression
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|-
|-
! scope="row" | Document bookmarks and outline
! scope="row" | Document bookmarks and outline
| {{yes}}<ref name="amyuni" /><ref name="pdfzone">{{cite web |url=http://www.pdfzone.com/c/a/Authoring/Look-Out-Acrobat-Microsoft-XPS-Is-on-Your-Tail/ |title=Look Out, Acrobat: Microsoft XPS is on Your Tail|access-date=2009-07-15 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131090212/http://www.pdfzone.com/c/a/Authoring/Look-Out-Acrobat-Microsoft-XPS-Is-on-Your-Tail/ |archive-date=2013-01-31 |url-status=dead|first=Don|last=Fluckinger|date=2006-06-01|website=PDFzone|publisher=Ziff Davis}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="amyuni" /><ref name="pdfzone">{{cite web |url=http://www.pdfzone.com/c/a/Authoring/Look-Out-Acrobat-Microsoft-XPS-Is-on-Your-Tail/ |title=Look Out, Acrobat: Microsoft XPS is on Your Tail|access-date=2009-07-15 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131090212/http://www.pdfzone.com/c/a/Authoring/Look-Out-Acrobat-Microsoft-XPS-Is-on-Your-Tail/ |archive-date=2013-01-31|url-status=dead|first=Don|last=Fluckinger|date=2006-06-01|website=PDFzone|publisher=Ziff Davis}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="amyuni" /><ref name="mactech">{{cite journal|url=http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.15/15.09/PDFIntro/|journal=[[MacTech]]|first=Kas|last=Thomas|date=1999|volume=15|issue=9|title=Portable Document Format: An Introduction for Programmers|publisher=Xplain}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="amyuni" /><ref name="mactech">{{cite journal|url=http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.15/15.09/PDFIntro/|journal=[[MacTech]]|first=Kas|last=Thomas|date=1999|volume=15|issue=9|title=Portable Document Format: An Introduction for Programmers|publisher=Xplain}}</ref>
|-
|-
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| [[Free content|Non-free content]], downloaded free-of-charge from Ecma
| [[Free content|Non-free content]], downloaded free-of-charge from Ecma
|
|
* PDF 1.7: [[Free content|Non-free content]], downloaded free-of-charge from Adobe, or for a fee from ISO
* PDF 1.7: Non-free content, downloaded free-of-charge from Adobe, or for a fee from ISO
*PDF 2.0: [[Free content|Non-free content]], downloaded free-of-charge from the PDF Association,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sponsored ISO standards for PDF technology – PDF Association |url=https://pdfa.org/sponsored-standards/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> for a fee from ISO
*PDF 2.0: Non-free content, downloaded free-of-charge from the PDF Association,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sponsored ISO standards for PDF technology – PDF Association |url=https://pdfa.org/sponsored-standards/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> for a fee from ISO
|- class="sortbottom"
|- class="sortbottom"
! scope="col" | File format
! scope="col" | File format
Line 217: Line 214:


==Viewing and creating XPS documents==
==Viewing and creating XPS documents==
[[Windows Vista]] and later supports both creating and viewing XPS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-vista/features/xps.aspx |title=XPS Documents |website=[[Microsoft Windows]] |access-date=2009-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111103219/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-vista/features/xps.aspx|archive-date=2010-01-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition, the printing architecture of Windows Vista uses XPS as the spooler format.<ref name="XPSvsPDF" />
Windows Vista and later supports both creating and viewing XPS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-vista/features/xps.aspx |title=XPS Documents |website=[[Microsoft Windows]] |access-date=2009-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111103219/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-vista/features/xps.aspx|archive-date=2010-01-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition, the printing architecture of Windows Vista uses XPS as the spooler format.<ref name="XPSvsPDF" />


Apps can create XPS documents by printing to XPS Document Writer, a [[virtual printer]] that comes bundled with Windows. These files open in XPS Viewer, an optional component that comes with Windows Vista and later. In Windows Vista, XPS is hosted within [[Internet Explorer]], but in subsequent versions, it is a standalone app. Both versions support [[digital rights management]] and [[digital signature]]s.  [[Windows 8]] also comes with an app called "Reader", which reads XPS and PDF files.<ref name="XPSEP"/>{{failed verification|date=November 2022}}
Apps can create XPS documents by printing to XPS Document Writer, a [[virtual printer]] that comes bundled with Windows. These files open in XPS Viewer, an optional component that comes with Windows Vista and later. In Windows Vista, XPS is hosted within [[Internet Explorer]], but in subsequent versions, it is a standalone app. Both versions support [[digital rights management]] and [[digital signature]]s.  [[Windows 8]] also comes with an app called "Reader", which reads XPS and PDF files.<ref name="XPSEP"/>{{failed verification|date=November 2022}}
Line 253: Line 250:
| [[Sumatra PDF]]
| [[Sumatra PDF]]
| [[Windows]]
| [[Windows]]
| Can display XPS documents, among other formats, since version 1.5, thanks to [[MuPDF]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf/news.html |title=News about Sumatra PDF reader |date=2012-01-06 |access-date=2012-01-06 |archive-date=2012-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406171640/http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf/news.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| Can display XPS documents, among other formats, since version 1.5, thanks to [[MuPDF]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf/news.html |title=News about Sumatra PDF reader |date=2012-01-06 |access-date=2012-01-06 |archive-date=2012-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406171640/http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf/news.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Xara Photo & Graphic Designer|Xara Designer Pro]]
| [[Xara Photo & Graphic Designer|Xara Designer Pro]]
Line 274: Line 271:
Microsoft released XPS under a [[royalty-free]] patent license called the ''Community Promise for XPS'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Community Promise for XPS |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/Dn653988.aspx |publisher=Microsoft |date=2007-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410164746/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/Dn653988.aspx |archive-date=2014-04-10 |access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/xps/xpscommunitypromisefaq.mspx |title=Community Promise for XPS FAQs |publisher=Microsoft.com |date=2007-01-31 |access-date=2009-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919151131/http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/xps/xpscommunitypromisefaq.mspx |archive-date=September 19, 2009 }}</ref> allowing users to create implementations of the specification that read, write and render XPS files as long as they included a notice within the source that technologies implemented may be encumbered by patents held by Microsoft. Microsoft also required that organizations "engaged in the business of developing (i) scanners that output XPS Documents; (ii) printers that consume XPS Documents to produce hard-copy output; or (iii) print driver or raster image software products or components thereof that convert XPS Documents for the purpose of producing hard-copy output, [...] will not sue Microsoft or any of its licensees under the XML Paper Specification or customers for infringement of any XML Paper Specification Derived Patents (as defined below) on account of any manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale, importation or other disposition or promotion of any XML Paper Specification implementations."  The specification itself was released under a royalty-free copyright license, allowing its free distribution.<ref>{{cite web |title=XML Paper Specification Licensing |url=http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/xps/xpslicense.mspx#EEB |publisher=Microsoft |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123015448/http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/xps/xpslicense.mspx#EEB |date=2005-09-02 |archive-date=2006-11-23 |access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref>
Microsoft released XPS under a [[royalty-free]] patent license called the ''Community Promise for XPS'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Community Promise for XPS |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/Dn653988.aspx |publisher=Microsoft |date=2007-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410164746/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/Dn653988.aspx |archive-date=2014-04-10 |access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/xps/xpscommunitypromisefaq.mspx |title=Community Promise for XPS FAQs |publisher=Microsoft.com |date=2007-01-31 |access-date=2009-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919151131/http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/xps/xpscommunitypromisefaq.mspx |archive-date=September 19, 2009 }}</ref> allowing users to create implementations of the specification that read, write and render XPS files as long as they included a notice within the source that technologies implemented may be encumbered by patents held by Microsoft. Microsoft also required that organizations "engaged in the business of developing (i) scanners that output XPS Documents; (ii) printers that consume XPS Documents to produce hard-copy output; or (iii) print driver or raster image software products or components thereof that convert XPS Documents for the purpose of producing hard-copy output, [...] will not sue Microsoft or any of its licensees under the XML Paper Specification or customers for infringement of any XML Paper Specification Derived Patents (as defined below) on account of any manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale, importation or other disposition or promotion of any XML Paper Specification implementations."  The specification itself was released under a royalty-free copyright license, allowing its free distribution.<ref>{{cite web |title=XML Paper Specification Licensing |url=http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/xps/xpslicense.mspx#EEB |publisher=Microsoft |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123015448/http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/xps/xpslicense.mspx#EEB |date=2005-09-02 |archive-date=2006-11-23 |access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref>


On September 13, 2011, [[Monotype Imaging]] announced it had licensed its XPS-to-PCL 6 and XPS-to-PostScript vector conversion filters to Microsoft for use in the next version of Windows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ir.monotypeimaging.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=605039|title=Monotype Imaging Licenses XPS Printer Driver Solution to Microsoft}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeinvestor.sympatico.ca/servlet/WireFeedRedirect?cf=vtgam/realtime/SLI/ginews/config_print&date=20110913&archive=bwire&slug=20110913005095|title=Monotype Imaging Licenses XPS Printer Driver Solution to Microsoft}}</ref>
On September 13, 2011, [[Monotype Imaging]] announced it had licensed its XPS-to-PCL 6 and XPS-to-PostScript vector conversion filters to Microsoft for use in the next version of Windows.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Monotype Imaging Licenses XPS Printer Driver Solution to Microsoft |url=http://ir.monotypeimaging.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=605039 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211095013/http://ir.monotypeimaging.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=605039 |archive-date=2011-12-11 |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=ir.monotypeimaging.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeinvestor.sympatico.ca/servlet/WireFeedRedirect?cf=vtgam/realtime/SLI/ginews/config_print&date=20110913&archive=bwire&slug=20110913005095|title=Monotype Imaging Licenses XPS Printer Driver Solution to Microsoft}}</ref>


==History and standardization==
==History and standardization==
In 2003, [[Global Graphics]] was chosen by [[Microsoft]] to provide consultancy and proof of concept development services on XPS and worked with the Windows development teams on the specification and reference  architecture for the new format.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/665662/global_graphics_xps_reference_rip_available_from_microsoft/index.html |title=Global Graphics XPS reference |publisher=Redorbit.com |date=2006-09-21 |access-date=2009-12-10 |archive-date=2011-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125032656/http://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/665662/global_graphics_xps_reference_rip_available_from_microsoft/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Microsoft submitted the XPS specification to [[Ecma International]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Reimer |first=Jeremy |url=https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070701-microsoft-submits-pdf-competitor-to-standards-body.html |title=War and PDF: Microsoft submits XPS to standards body |publisher=Arstechnica.com |date=2007-07-01 |access-date=2009-12-10}}</ref> In June 2007 Ecma International Technical Committee 46 (TC46) was set up to develop a standard based on the Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC46.htm |title=TC46 - XML Paper Specification (XPS) |publisher=Ecma-international.org |access-date=2009-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129213105/http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC46.htm |archive-date=2009-01-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 2003, [[Global Graphics]] was chosen by [[Microsoft]] to provide consultancy and proof of concept development services on XPS and worked with the Windows development teams on the specification and reference  architecture for the new format.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/665662/global_graphics_xps_reference_rip_available_from_microsoft/index.html |title=Global Graphics XPS reference |publisher=Redorbit.com |date=2006-09-21 |access-date=2009-12-10 |archive-date=2011-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125032656/http://www.redorbit.com/news/technology/665662/global_graphics_xps_reference_rip_available_from_microsoft/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Microsoft submitted the XPS specification to [[Ecma International]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Reimer |first=Jeremy |url=https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070701-microsoft-submits-pdf-competitor-to-standards-body.html |title=War and PDF: Microsoft submits XPS to standards body |publisher=Arstechnica.com |date=2007-07-01 |access-date=2009-12-10}}</ref> In June 2007 Ecma International Technical Committee 46 (TC46) was set up to develop a standard based on the Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC46.htm |title=TC46 - XML Paper Specification (XPS) |publisher=Ecma-international.org |access-date=2009-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129213105/http://www.ecma-international.org/memento/TC46.htm |archive-date=2009-01-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


At the 97th General Assembly held in [[Budapest]], June 16, 2009, Ecma International approved Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS) as an Ecma standard (ECMA-388).<ref name="notes2self">{{cite web
At the 97th General Assembly held in [[Budapest]], June 16, 2009, Ecma International approved Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS) as an Ecma standard (ECMA-388).<ref name="notes2self">{{cite web|url=http://notes2self.net/archive/2009/06/17/openxps-openxml-paper-specification.aspx|title=OpenXPS - OpenXML Paper Specification|author=Steve McGibbon (Microsoft)|date=2009-06-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423075901/http://notes2self.net/archive/2009/06/17/openxps-openxml-paper-specification.aspx|archive-date=April 23, 2012}}</ref> TC46's members included:
|url         = http://notes2self.net/archive/2009/06/17/openxps-openxml-paper-specification.aspx
|title       = OpenXPS - OpenXML Paper Specification
|author     = Steve McGibbon (Microsoft)
|date       = 2009-06-17
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120423075901/http://notes2self.net/archive/2009/06/17/openxps-openxml-paper-specification.aspx
|archive-date = April 23, 2012
}}</ref> TC46's members included:


{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
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* [https://www.iso.org/standard/51502.html ISO 32000-1:2008] Document management — Portable document format — Part 1: PDF 1.7
* [https://www.iso.org/standard/51502.html ISO 32000-1:2008] Document management — Portable document format — Part 1: PDF 1.7
* [https://www.iso.org/standard/75839.html ISO 32000-2:2020] Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0
* [https://www.iso.org/standard/75839.html ISO 32000-2:2020] Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0
 
* [https://xps2pdf.co.uk/ XPS2PDF.co.uk - free XPS to PDF converter] - Converts .xps and .oxps files to PDF or JPG without installing software


{{XPS software}}
{{XPS software}}

Latest revision as of 14:43, 1 July 2025

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Open XML Paper Specification (also referred to as OpenXPS) is an open specification for a page description language and a fixed-document format. Microsoft developed it as the XML Paper Specification (XPS). In June 2009, Ecma International adopted it as international standard ECMA-388.[1]

It is an XML-based (more precisely XAML-based) specification, based on a new print path (print processing data representation and data flow) and a color-managed vector document format that supports device independence and resolution independence. In Windows 8 .xps was replaced with the ECMA standard .oxps format which is not natively supported in older Windows versions.[2]

OpenXPS was introduced by Microsoft as an alternative to Portable Document Format (PDF). However, PDF remained the standard choice, and support for and user familiarity with XPS files is limited. It has been described as neglected technology, which may cause difficulties to recipients of documents in a format they are not familiar with.[3]

Format

The XPS document format consists of structured XML markup that defines the layout of a document and the visual appearance of each page, along with rendering rules for distributing, archiving, rendering, processing and printing the documents. Notably, the markup language for XPS is a subset of XAML, allowing it to incorporate vector elements in documents.

An XPS file is a ZIP archive using the Open Packaging Conventions, containing the files which make up the document. These include an XML markup file for each page, text, embedded fonts, raster images, 2D vector graphics, as well as the digital rights management information. The contents of an XPS file can be examined by opening it in an application which supports ZIP files.

There are two incompatible XPS formats available. The original document writer printed to .xps in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. Beginning with Windows 8, the document writer defaults to the .oxps format.[2]

Microsoft provides two free converters. XpsConverter converts documents between .xps and .oxps format,[4] while OxpsConverter converts documents from .oxps to .xps format.[5]

Features

XPS specifies a set of document layout functionality for paged, printable documents.[6] It also has support for features such as color gradients, transparencies, CMYK color spaces, printer calibration, multiple-ink systems and print schemas.[7] XPS supports the Windows Color System color management technology for color conversion precision across devices and higher dynamic range. It includes a software raster image processor (RIP) (downloadable separately).[8] The print subsystem supports named colors, simplifying color definition for images transmitted to printers supporting those colors.

XPS supports HD Photo images natively for raster images.[9] The XPS format used in the spool file represents advanced graphics effects such as 3D images, glow effects, and gradients as Windows Presentation Foundation primitives, which printer drivers could offload their rasterization to the printer in order to reduce computational load if the printer is capable of rasterizing those primitives.[10]

Comparison with PDF

Like PDF, XPS is a page description language using fixed-layout document format designed to preserve document fidelity,[11] providing device-independent document appearance. PDF uses Carousel Object Syntax (COS syntax) to form a random access database of objects that may be created from PostScript or generated directly from applications, whereas XPS is based on XML.[12] Both formats are compressed, albeit using different methods. The filter pipeline architecture of XPS is also similar to the one used in printers supporting the PostScript page description language. PDF includes dynamic capabilities purposely not supported by the XPS format.[13]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". There are many resources for converting from XPS to PDF and some for converting from PDF to XPS. A method often suggested is to open an XPS file in a program with printing capability, and then "print" to a virtual PDF printer such as Microsoft Print to PDF,[14] with a similar procedure to convert from PDF to XPS.

Comparison between OXPS and PDF
File format OpenXPS PDF
Original author Microsoft Adobe Systems
Standardized by Ecma International[15] ISO
First public release date 2006[16] 1993[17]
Latest stable version Ecma International Standard ECMA-388 — Open XML Paper Specification — 1st Edition ISO 32000-2:2020 — Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0
Latest standardised version Ecma International Standard ECMA-388 — Open XML Paper Specification — 1st Edition ISO 32000-2:2020 — Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0
Language type Markup language (XML)[18][19] PDF is a random access binary file format comprising a database of objects that may be created from PostScript or generated directly by an application.
XML schema representation XML Schema (W3C) (XSD) and RELAX NG (ISO/IEC 19757-2)[1] N/A
Compression format Container: ZIP[18][19][20] (Although flate(should be Deflate) is mentioned in third-party document, no specific compression method is mandated for the container.)[21]
Payload: JPEG, PNG, TIFF, JPEG XR are compressed based on their file types.[22] 		LZW for both text and images; JPEG, JPEG 2000, JBIG2, CCITT Group 4 compression, and RLE for images[23]
Container structure Open Packaging Conventions (ISO/IEC 29500-2:2008)[18][19]
3D graphics content X3D (ISO/IEC 19775/19776)[1] U3D (Standard ECMA-363),[24][25] PRC (Product Representation Compact, ISO 14739-1:2014),[26] STEP AP 242 (ISO 10303-242),[27] glTF[28]
Full file content compression Yes[26] Compression of collections of objects[29]
Fast page by page download from web servers Yes[26] Yes[26]
Multiple documents in one file Yes[26] Yes[30]
Document bookmarks and outline Yes[26][31] Yes[26][32]
Reflowable No[33] With PDF tagging[34]
Hyperlinks Yes[26][35][36] Yes[26][32]
Page thumbnails Yes[26][35] Yes[26][37]
Annotations Yes[35] Yes[26][32]
Image transparencies Yes[26] Yes[26]
Gradient fills Yes[26][36] Yes[26]
Alpha channel in color definitions Yes[26] Yes[26]
Support for multiple transparency blending modes ? Yes[29]
Change tracking No[26] No[26]
Password protection Yes[26] Yes[26][32]
Digital signatures Yes[19][20][26][35] Yes[32][38]
JPEG (RGB and CMYK) (ISO/IEC 10918-1) Yes[20][26] Yes[38]
JPEG 2000 (ISO/IEC 15444-1) No[26] Yes[38]
JBIG2 for bi-level images No[26] Yes[29]
PNG Yes[26] Yes[26]
TIFF (RGB and CMYK) Yes[26] No[26]
JPEG XR (ISO/IEC 29199-2:2009) Yes[18] No[26]
Gray support Yes[26] Yes[26]
RGB support Yes[26] Yes[26]
CMYK support Yes[26] Yes[26]
Spot color support Yes[26] Yes[26]
Filename extensions Template:Mono[1] Template:Mono[39]
Internet media types Template:Mono[1] Template:Mono[40]
Standard licensing Non-free content, downloaded free-of-charge from Ecma
  • PDF 1.7: Non-free content, downloaded free-of-charge from Adobe, or for a fee from ISO
  • PDF 2.0: Non-free content, downloaded free-of-charge from the PDF Association,[41] for a fee from ISO
File format OpenXPS PDF

Viewing and creating XPS documents

Windows Vista and later supports both creating and viewing XPS.[42] In addition, the printing architecture of Windows Vista uses XPS as the spooler format.[11]

Apps can create XPS documents by printing to XPS Document Writer, a virtual printer that comes bundled with Windows. These files open in XPS Viewer, an optional component that comes with Windows Vista and later. In Windows Vista, XPS is hosted within Internet Explorer, but in subsequent versions, it is a standalone app. Both versions support digital rights management and digital signatures. Windows 8 also comes with an app called "Reader", which reads XPS and PDF files.[43]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The .NET Framework 3.0 installer for Windows XP also adds the IE-hosted XPS Viewer, as well as XPS Document Writer. Since then, Microsoft released the XPS Essentials Pack for Windows XP, Server 2003, and Vista,[43][44] which includes the standalone viewer, an IFilter plug-in that helps Windows Desktop Search index the contents of XPS files, and another plug-in for Windows Explorer to help generate thumbnails for XPS files.[43] Installing this pack enables operating systems prior to Windows Vista to use the XPS print spooler[45] instead of the older GDI-based spooler.[46] The XPS print spooler can produce better quality prints for printers that directly consume the XPS format.[47]

Third-party software

Name Platform Function
Evince Linux A document viewer for multiple document format; can display XPS documents thanks to libgxps.[48]
MuPDF Linux, Windows, Android, iOS A lightweight PDF, XPS and OpenXPS viewer; licensed under the terms of AGPL v3
Harlequin RIP Windows, Mac OS, Linux, ThreadX Renders XPS files for print or display; used in desktop printers, digital production presses, prepress and software[49]
Okular Linux, FreeBSD, Windows, Solaris The document viewer of the KDE project; can display XPS documents[50]
STDU Viewer Microsoft Windows Can display XPS documents as well as other electronic document formats. Other STDU applications may handle organizing/browsing, conversion, and extraction.[51]
Sumatra PDF Windows Can display XPS documents, among other formats, since version 1.5, thanks to MuPDF[52]
Xara Designer Pro Windows Vector graphics app with XPS support
XPS Annotator Windows Standalone XPS viewer which can digitally sign and annotate XPS documents, and convert XPS documents to common picture formats.[53]
XPS Viewer Windows Free app from Software Imaging Ltd. for viewing XPS files[54]

Hardware

XPS had the support of printing companies such as Konica Minolta, Sharp,[55] Canon, Epson, Hewlett-Packard,[56] and Xerox[57] and software and hardware companies such as CSR (formerly Zoran),[58] and Global Graphics.[59] Native XPS printers were introduced by Canon, Konica Minolta, Toshiba, and Xerox.[60] Devices at the Certified for Windows level of Windows Logo conformance certification were required to have XPS drivers for printing since 1 June 2007.[61]

Licensing

Microsoft released XPS under a royalty-free patent license called the Community Promise for XPS,[62][63] allowing users to create implementations of the specification that read, write and render XPS files as long as they included a notice within the source that technologies implemented may be encumbered by patents held by Microsoft. Microsoft also required that organizations "engaged in the business of developing (i) scanners that output XPS Documents; (ii) printers that consume XPS Documents to produce hard-copy output; or (iii) print driver or raster image software products or components thereof that convert XPS Documents for the purpose of producing hard-copy output, [...] will not sue Microsoft or any of its licensees under the XML Paper Specification or customers for infringement of any XML Paper Specification Derived Patents (as defined below) on account of any manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale, importation or other disposition or promotion of any XML Paper Specification implementations." The specification itself was released under a royalty-free copyright license, allowing its free distribution.[64]

On September 13, 2011, Monotype Imaging announced it had licensed its XPS-to-PCL 6 and XPS-to-PostScript vector conversion filters to Microsoft for use in the next version of Windows.[65][66]

History and standardization

In 2003, Global Graphics was chosen by Microsoft to provide consultancy and proof of concept development services on XPS and worked with the Windows development teams on the specification and reference architecture for the new format.[67] Microsoft submitted the XPS specification to Ecma International.[68] In June 2007 Ecma International Technical Committee 46 (TC46) was set up to develop a standard based on the Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS).[69]

At the 97th General Assembly held in Budapest, June 16, 2009, Ecma International approved Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS) as an Ecma standard (ECMA-388).[70] TC46's members included:

Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Malware vulnerability

Template:This section needs expansion XPS files can be infected with malware.[71][72]

See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:XPS software Template:Ebooks Template:Office document file formats Template:Ecma International Standards Template:Windows Components

  1. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ ECMA-388 1st Edition / June 2009, 8.2 Package
  22. ↑ ECMA-388 1st Edition / June 2009, 9.1.5 Image Parts
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b c Template:Cite ISO standard
  30. ↑ https://admin.adobe.acrobat.com/_a295153/p81291074/ A9 PDF Binders]Template:Dead link
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Template:Cite IETF
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ XPS viewer
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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