Superficial X-rays: Difference between revisions
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'''Superficial X-rays''' are low-energy [[X-rays]] that do not penetrate very far before they are absorbed. They are produced by [[X-ray tube]]s operating at [[voltage]]s in the 10–100 [[Volt|kV]] range, and therefore have peak energies in the 10–100 [[keV]] range.<ref name="IAEAradonc">{{cite book|last1=Podgorsak|first1=E. B.|title=Radiation oncology physics: a handbook for teachers and students|date=2005|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|location=Vienna|isbn=92-0-107304-6|page=125|url=http://www-pub.iaea.org/books/IAEABooks/7086/Radiation-Oncology-Physics|chapter=Treatment Machines for External Beam Radiotherapy}}</ref> The [[Maximar-100]] was a widely-adopted superficial radiation therapy unit. | '''Superficial X-rays''' are low-energy [[X-rays]] that do not penetrate very far before they are absorbed. They are produced by [[X-ray tube]]s operating at [[voltage]]s in the 10–100 [[Volt|kV]] range, and therefore have peak energies in the 10–100 [[keV]] range.<ref name="IAEAradonc">{{cite book|last1=Podgorsak|first1=E. B.|title=Radiation oncology physics: a handbook for teachers and students|date=2005|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|location=Vienna|isbn=92-0-107304-6|page=125|url=http://www-pub.iaea.org/books/IAEABooks/7086/Radiation-Oncology-Physics|chapter=Treatment Machines for External Beam Radiotherapy}}</ref> The [[Maximar-100]] was a widely-adopted superficial radiation therapy unit. | ||
Precise naming and definitions of energy ranges may vary, and X-rays at the lower end of this range may also be known as [[Grenz rays]].<ref name="Chang">{{cite book|last1=Chang|first1=David S.|last2=Lasley|first2=Foster D.|last3=Das|first3=Indra J.|last4=Mendonca|first4=Marc S.|last5=Dynlacht|first5=Joseph R.|title=Basic Radiotherapy Physics and Biology|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn= | Precise naming and definitions of energy ranges may vary, and X-rays at the lower end of this range may also be known as [[Grenz rays]].<ref name="Chang">{{cite book|last1=Chang|first1=David S.|last2=Lasley|first2=Foster D.|last3=Das|first3=Indra J.|last4=Mendonca|first4=Marc S.|last5=Dynlacht|first5=Joseph R.|title=Basic Radiotherapy Physics and Biology|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-3-319-06841-1|page=27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWKSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|language=en}}</ref> They are useful in [[radiation therapy]] for the treatment of various benign or malignant [[skin]] problems, including [[skin cancer]] and severe [[eczema]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=Robin|last2=Healy|first2=Brendan|last3=Holloway|first3=Lois|last4=Kuncic|first4=Zdenka|last5=Thwaites|first5=David|last6=Baldock|first6=Clive|title=Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry|journal=Physics in Medicine and Biology|date=21 March 2014|volume=59|issue=6|pages=R183–R231|doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/R183|pmid=24584183|doi-access=free|bibcode=2014PMB....59R.183H}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Alikhan|first1=Ali|last2=Maibach|first2=Howard|last3=Lachapelle|first3=Jean-Marie|title=Textbook of Hand Eczema|date=2013|publisher=Springer Berlin|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-642-39545-1|chapter=Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Hand Eczema|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-39546-8_33}}</ref> They have a useful depth of up to 5 mm.<ref name="Chang" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Zaidi|first1=Zohra|last2=Walton|first2=Shernaz|title=A Manual of Dermatology|date=2013|publisher=JP Brothers Medical|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-93-5090-458-9|page=872|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mgm8K94t0N4C&pg=PA872|language=en}}</ref> In some locations, orthovoltage treatment is being replaced by [[electron therapy]] or [[brachytherapy]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Palmer|first1=Antony L|last2=Pearson|first2=Michael|last3=Whittard|first3=Paul|last4=McHugh|first4=Katie E|last5=Eaton|first5=David J|title=Current status of kilovoltage (kV) radiotherapy in the UK: installed equipment, clinical workload, physics quality control and radiation dosimetry|journal=The British Journal of Radiology|date=December 2016|volume=89|issue=1068|article-number=20160641|doi=10.1259/bjr.20160641|pmc=5604929|pmid=27730839}}</ref> | ||
As well as [[teletherapy]], X-rays in this energy range (and the low [[orthovoltage]] range) are used for [[radiography|imaging]] patients, to analyse materials and objects in [[industrial radiography]] and for [[X-ray crystallography|crystallography]]. | As well as [[teletherapy]], X-rays in this energy range (and the low [[orthovoltage]] range) are used for [[radiography|imaging]] patients, to analyse materials and objects in [[industrial radiography]] and for [[X-ray crystallography|crystallography]]. | ||
Latest revision as of 05:26, 4 October 2025
Template:Refimprove Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Superficial X-rays are low-energy X-rays that do not penetrate very far before they are absorbed. They are produced by X-ray tubes operating at voltages in the 10–100 kV range, and therefore have peak energies in the 10–100 keV range.[1] The Maximar-100 was a widely-adopted superficial radiation therapy unit.
Precise naming and definitions of energy ranges may vary, and X-rays at the lower end of this range may also be known as Grenz rays.[2] They are useful in radiation therapy for the treatment of various benign or malignant skin problems, including skin cancer and severe eczema.[3][4] They have a useful depth of up to 5 mm.[2][5] In some locations, orthovoltage treatment is being replaced by electron therapy or brachytherapy.[6]
As well as teletherapy, X-rays in this energy range (and the low orthovoltage range) are used for imaging patients, to analyse materials and objects in industrial radiography and for crystallography.
References
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